GNED 05: PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE MAJOR IN AGRICULTURE

CHAPTER 1 Models of Communication
LESSON 1 Linear Communication – one-way, non-interactive
Communication Process and Its Components communication. Examples could include a speech, television
Communication – process of sharing meaning in any context. broadcast, or sending a memo.
Wood (2003), defined communication as a systematic process In this model, the sender sends messages through some
in which people interact with and through symbols to create channel such as email, distributed video, or an old-school
and interpret meanings. printed memo, for example. Noise can affect the successful
delivery of messages. Noise could include actual noise such as
Communication – a process, It includes context, participants,
that in factory, emotional noise such as political biases, or even
messages, channels, presence or absence of noise, and
lengthy messages that spans multiple pages resulting in TLDR
feedback.
(too long; didn’t read) among receivers.
Context – the setting in which communication occurs. It
Transaction Model – two-way and interactive. Both parties are
includes physical, social, historical, psychological, and cultural
both sender and receiver. It happens in real-time and,
contexts.
generally, they must both be present, even if it’s via technology
 Physical Context – where communication takes place. such as skype. Examples of the
Temperature, lighting, noise level are some factors that transactional model include a face-to-face meeting, a
affect communication process. telephone call, a Skype call, a chat session, interactive training,
 Social Context – the relationship that exists between or meeting in which all attendees participate by sharing ideas
and among participants. We communicate with our and comments.
friends, family, workmates, or strangers. For example,
LESSON 2
we communicate differently with our parents or Types and Level of Communication
siblings at home and these changes when we talk to our Four Types of Communication:
professor or classmates.
 Historical Context – the background provided by the  Verbal Communication – encompasses any form of
previous communication between participants that communication involving words, spoken. As Lucas (2017)
influences understanding of the current encounter. puts it, our ability to communicate with a language that is
 Psychological Context – includes moods and feelings based on an organized system of words, rather than
each person brings to the communication. merely sounds, is what sets us apart from lower species.
 Cultural Context – includes beliefs, values, norms that  Non-Verbal Communication – includes body language,
are shared by a large group of people. such as gestures, facial expressions; eye contact, and
posture. The sound of our voice including pitch, tone and
Participants – the people’s communication – the sender and volume are also forms of non-verbal communication.
the receiver.  Written Communication – formal methods of
Messages – encoded or decoded information in a communication and a written document preserved that
communication process. becomes a permanent record for future reference. This
includes sending messages, orders, or instructions in
Channel – carries the message sent by participants. A route writing through letters, circulars, manuals, reports,
travelled by the message and the means of transportation. telegrams, office memos, bulletins, etc.
 Mediated Communication – also known as mediated
Noise – anything that interferes with communication.
interaction refers to communication carried out using
 External Noise – sights, sounds, and other stimuli in the information communication technology (ICT).
environment that draw people’s attention away from Three Levels of Communication:
what is being said.
 Internal Noise – thoughts and feelings that intervene  Intrapersonal Communication – occurs within the person,
with the communication process. sometimes referred to as cognitive or personal
 Semantic Noise – unintended meanings aroused by communication or “self-talk”.
certain symbols that prevent comprehension.  Interpersonal Communication – occurs between two
people or more who establish communication
Feedback – the response to message. This shows how the relationships.
message sent us heard, seen, and understood. Feedback
 Public Communication – the message is intended for a
improves communication.
large crowd or an audience.
GNED 05: PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE MAJOR IN AGRICULTURE
• Direct – face-to-face message delivery of a LESSON 4
speaker to an audience. Principle of Communication
• Indirect – using radio or television. ✓ Communication is purposive. The purpose of
communication may be trivial or significant but one way
Non-Verbal Communication of evaluating if the communication is successful is if it has
A type of communication that does not make use of words but accomplished its purpose.
may enhance or change the linguistic code. ✓ Communication is continuous. Communication happens
non-stop, even silence communicates something.
Non-Linguistic Elements of Communication – the devices used
Therefore, it is imperative that we be aware and
in conveying messages without entirely relying on speech or
conscious of the non-verbal behaviors we constantly send.
language.
✓ Communication messages vary in conscious encoding.
 Kinesics – relationship between nonlinguistic body Communication may occur spontaneously (without much
motions (blushes, shrugs) and communication. thought), it could also be based on a learned script, or it
 Proxemics – how people use and perceive the physical could be constructed based on the understanding of a
space around them. situation.
 Chronemics – use of time in nonverbal communication. ✓ Communication is relational. In any communication
 Oculesics – eye movement or eye contact. setting, people not only share meanings but also negotiate
 Physical Appearance – factors like physique, height, and enhance their relationships. This plays a role in
weight, hair, skin color, gender, odors and clothing send developing, maintaining, and dissolving relationships.
nonverbal messages during interaction; thus people give ✓ Communication has ethical implications. When we
importance to the way they look. communicate, we cannot avoid making choices with
 Objectics – the objects affect the behavior of ethical implications. In communicating, we must
communicators during interactions. recognize some ethical standards.
 Haptics – sense of touch. Touch is also the way to ✓ Communication is learned. Communicating well is a skill,
communicate with others. therefore it can be learned. Simply talking is not
communicating. It involves listening, processing thoughts
 Olfactics – study of smell which is least understood of all
and opinions, and then speaking. This could be acquired
aspects of communication.
through practice.
LESSON 3
Function of Communication LESSON 5
✓ We communicate to meet needs. Just as we need food, Communication Ethics
► Ethics are values that have been instilled in us, we have
water, and shelter, communication accomplishes our need
knowingly or unknowingly accepted them and govern our
to talk to another human being.
actions.
✓ We communicate to enhance or maintain our sense of self.
► We all acknowledge that “a speaker who uses language
Because we communicate, we learn who we are and what
that degrades or injures human personalities by
we can do.
exaggeration, pseudotruths, twisting of words and name
✓ We communicate to fulfil social obligations. We greet
calling is clearly acting unethically.” (Berko, 1995).
people, talk, and communicate with them in order to meet
► Ethical communicators or speakers according to Berko
our social obligations.
(1995) should:
✓ We communicate to develop relationships. Through
communication, we develop relationships with other
1. speak with sincerity;
people. We can also deepen and maintain these
2. not knowingly expose an audience to falsehood or half-
relationships through communication.
truths that can cause significant harm;
✓ We communicate to exchange information. Some
3. not premeditatedly alter the truth;
information we get through reading, observations, media,
4. present the truth as she or he understands it;
and through communicating with others.
5. raise the listeners level of expertise by supplying the
✓ We communicate to influence others. We use
necessary facts:
communication in encouraging and persuading other
6. employs message that is free from mental as well as
towards something like motivating a friend to study for an
physical coercion;
exam.
7. not invent or fabricate information; and
8. give credit to the source of information.