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2023 FACU Resumen INGLES

The document provides an overview of various English grammar topics including nouns, pronouns, adjectives, determiners, verbs and tenses, focusing on their definitions, usage, and rules. It includes examples and exercises for practice on subject-verb agreement, verb conjugation, and comparative and superlative forms. Additionally, it lists irregular verbs and their forms, as well as explanations of present progressive and present perfect tenses.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
15 views23 pages

2023 FACU Resumen INGLES

The document provides an overview of various English grammar topics including nouns, pronouns, adjectives, determiners, verbs and tenses, focusing on their definitions, usage, and rules. It includes examples and exercises for practice on subject-verb agreement, verb conjugation, and comparative and superlative forms. Additionally, it lists irregular verbs and their forms, as well as explanations of present progressive and present perfect tenses.

Uploaded by

jaredesquivel80
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INGLÉS

TEMAS Subject-Verb Agreement (Concordancia de


Nouns (Sustantivos) sustantivo-verbo)
Pronouns (Pronombres) Adverbs
o Personal
Prepositions
o Reflexive
Conjunctions
o Possessive
o Demostrative Interjections
o Interrogative Sentences
Adjectives o Structure
o comparison o “5W Questions”
Determiners o Question’s structure
o Articles Vocabulario de la cuidad
o Demostrative
o Interrogative
o possessive
Verbs and tenses (Conjugación de verbos)
o Simple present
o Verb to be
o Present progessive
o Have / Has
o Present perfect
o Simple past
o Regular and irregular
▪ See
▪ Make
▪ Go
▪ Keep
▪ Die
▪ Know
▪ Ring
▪ Bring
▪ Take
▪ Swim
▪ Come
▪ Get
▪ Give
o Was / Were
o Past progressive
o Future
o Can / could

1
INGLÉS
NOUNS
Un sustantivo (noun) es una persona animal o cosa.

Se utiliza “a” o “an” antes de los sustantivos en singular


Use an before nouns starting with vowels
• An egg
• An ice cream
• An orange
• An umbrella Exceptions:
• a uniform / a university

Use a before words beginning with any other consonant


• a basket
• a car
• a house
• a rainbow
• a pillow
• a watch
Exceptions:
• an heir / an honor / an hour

PRONOUNS
Los pronombres (pronouns) son palabras que reemplazan a los sustantivos (nouns)

Subject pronouns: se usan al principio de la oración


Object pronouns: se usan al final de la oración

Subject Object Reflexive


I Yo Me Myself
You Tú You Yourself
He Él Him Himself
She Ella Her Herself
It “Eso” (it is used for It Itself
animals or things)
We Nosotros Us Ourselves
You Ustedes You Yourselves
They Ellos Them Themselves

Possessive
Beginning of sentence End of the sentence
My Mine Mio, míos, mía, mías
Your Yours Tuyo, tuyos, tuyas, tuyos
His His Suyo, suyos, suya, suyas
Her Hers
Its Its
Our Ours Nuestro, nuestra…
Your Yours
Their Theirs Suyo, suyos, suya, suyas

Indefinidos
Everybody nobody somebody anybody
Everyone no one someone anyone
Everything nothing something anything

2
INGLÉS
Fill in the blanks with the correct pronoun.

My name is David. ____ am the youngest in the family.


This is my father. _____ is a teacher.
This is my mother. _______ is a lawyer.
____ have a brother and two sisters.
______ are Peter, Sharon and Jenny.
____ have a dog. ______ is called Lucky.
Lucky, _________ are a good dog.
Good morning, children! ________ may sit down now.
My family and ______ live in a big city. _______ have an apartment.

I am standing on my head. Look at _______.


My mother is kind. Everybody likes ________.
Lisa, I told _______ to tidy your bed!
Sharon and Jenny! Dad is waiting for ________!
Lucky and I are playing in the park. Dad is watching ________.
You must not play with the knife. Give ______ to _________.
Pick up your toys and put __________ away.

I made this cake ___________.


Be careful with the knife. You’ll cut _____________.
Michael is looking at ___________ in the mirror.
Susan has hurt _____________.
Our cat washes ___________ after each meal.
We organized the party all by ____________.
Come in, children, and find _____________ a seat.
Baby birds are too young to look after _______________.

Is this Jane’s dog? Yes, this is ______ dog.


The dog is chasing ________ own tail.
Peter, is ________ father at home?
Rudy is showing ________ stamps to Ali.
I am going to ________ aunt’s house this evening.
We always keep ________ classroom clean.
Children, have you all finished ________ homework?
The children are proud of ________ school.

ADJECTIVES

El comparativo se utiliza para comparar 2 personas, animales u objetos.


El superlativo se utiliza cuando se compara 3 o más objetos.

Esta forma se utiliza cuando son adjetivos de 1 sola sílaba o cortos


Comparative Superlative
Close Closer Closest
Large larger Largest
Big Bigger Biggest
Mad Madder Maddest
Pretty Prettier prettiest
Busy busier busiest

3
INGLÉS
Para adjetivos más largos (de dos o más sílabas) se utiliza “more” y “most”
Comparative Superlative
Active More active Most active
Delicious More delicious Most delicious
Charming More charming Most charming
Comfortable More comfortable Most comfortable

Irregulares
Comparative Superlative
Good better Best
Little / few less Least
Bad worse Worst
Many / much more Most

1. My sister thinks she's ____________ (intelligent) than me, but I don't agree!
2. Avatar is probably __________ (bad) film I've seen!
3. What is ____________ (wet) month of the year in England?
4. Do you think the Harry Potter films are ________ (good) than the books?
5. Who is _________ (powerful) person in your country?
6. I think Men in Black 1 was __________ (funny) than Men in Black 3.
7. Is Angelina Jolie __________ (old) than Sandra Bullock?
8. John is __________ (nice) person that I know.

DETERMINERS
Demonstrative
Objetos Cercanos Objetos lejanos
Singular Plural Singular Plural
This These That Those

1. Come and look at ________ insects.


2. Stop ________ man!
3. I was in fifth grade last year. I am in sixth grade
4. ________ year.
5. Bring ________ chairs here.
6. ________ ice cream is delicious.
7. Can you see ________ stars in the sky?

Interrogative
What Que
Which El cuál
Whose De quien
Whom Para quien

1 ________ kind of animal is that?


2 ________ runner is the winner?
3 ________ is the matter?
4 ________ desk is this?
5 ________ handphone is ringing?
6 ________ is your name?
7 ________ twin is taller?
8 ________ hand is holding the pebble?

4
INGLÉS
VERBOS IRREGULARES MÁS UTILIZADOS

Base form Simple past form Past participle


Be was/were been
Bear bore born
Beat beat beaten
Become became become
Begin began begun
Bet bet bet
Bite bit bitten
Blow blew blown
Broadcast broadcast broadcast
Break broke broken
Bring brought brought
Build built built
Burn burnt burnt
Buy bought bought
Can could
Catch caught caught
Choose chose chosen
Come came come
Cost cost cost
Cut cut cut
Do did done
Draw drew drawn
Dream dreamt dreamt
Drink drank drunk
Drive drove driven
Eat ate eaten
Fall fell fallen
Feed fed fed
Feel felt felt
Fight fought fought
Find found found
Fly flew flown
Forget forgot forgotten
Freeze froze frozen
Get got got
Give gave given
Go went gone
Grow grew grown
Hang hung hung
Have had had
Hear heard heard
Hide hid hidden
Hit hit hit
Hold held held
Hurt hurt hurt
Keep kept kept
Know knew known
Lead led led
Learn learnt learnt

5
INGLÉS
Leave left left
Lend lent lent
Let let let
Lie lay lain
Lose lost lost
Make made made
Mean meant meant
Meet met met
Pay paid paid
Put put put
Read read read
Ride rode ridden
Ring rang rung
Rise rose risen
Run ran run
Say said said
See saw seen
Sell sold sold
Send sent sent
Set set set
Shoot shot shot
Show showed shown
Shut shut shut
Sing sang sung
Sink sank sunk
Sit sat sat
Sleep slept slept
Speak spoke spoken
Spend spent spent
Stand stood stood
Steal stole stolen
Stick stuck stuck
Swim swam swum
Understand understood understood
Take took taken
Teach taught taught
Tell told told
Think thought thought
Throw threw thrown
Wake woke woken
Wear wore worn
Win won won
Write wrote written

6
INGLÉS
VERBS AND TENSES

Simple present : El verbo se queda en su forma original excepto en he, she, it.
Con estos pronombres que se debe agregar una “s” al final del verbo.

Para verbos que terminan en s, sh, ch, or x, se agrega “es” al final del verbo. Y para verbos que terminan con una
consonante e “y”, se cambia la “y” por una “i” y se le agrega “es”.

For verbs that end with a consonant plus y change the y to i and add es.

I Try Go Do
You Try Go Do
He Tries Goes Does
She Tries Goes Does
It Tries Goes Does
We Try Go Do
You Try Go Do
They Try Go Do

Write the correct present-tense verb in parentheses.


1. Some children (join / joins) groups to help.
2. Others (start / starts) their own groups.
3. Some students (volunteers / volunteer).
4. They (collect / collects) toys for sick children.
5. They also (draw / draws) pictures.
6. Reka (pick / picks) up trash in the park.
7. Two friends (help / helps) her on Saturdays.
8. One person (push / pushes) a cart.
9. The other (toss / tosses) the trash into the cart.
10. The people in the neighborhood (recognize / recognizes) the children´s hard work.

Verb “to be”


Significa “ser” y es uno de los verbos irregulares más utilizados

Presente Negación + not Contracción Pasado Negación + not


I Am I’m not I’m Was Wasn’t
You Are Aren’t You’re Were Weren’t
He Is Isn’t He’s Was Wasn’t
She Is Isn’t She’s Was Wasn’t
It Is Isn’t It’s Was Wasn’t
We Are Aren’t We’re were Weren’t
You Are Aren’t You’re Were Weren’t
They Are Aren’t They’re were Weren’t

Choose the correct form of the verb BE put it in the parentheses am – is – are
1. you ( ) the first in line.
2. I ( ) scared of vaccines.
3. However, I ( ) thankful for them.
4. My sister ( ) afraid of getting a shot.
5. Now we both ( ) brave.

7
INGLÉS
For each sentence, choose the correct form of the verb BE in parentheses
1. sean´s knee (is/are) hurt.
2. A first-aid kit (are/is) in my bathroom.
3. first-aid kits (are/is) important.
4. bandages (am/are) good for small cuts.
5. cleaning the cut (am/is) a type of first aid.

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

• Hace referencia a acciones que suceden en el presente y que continúan sucediendo


o The pone is ringing
• Además, se refiere a acciones que se planean hacer en un futuro cercano
o We are having an exam later this evening.

Verb to be + present participle

Verb to be Present participle


(Verb + ing)
I Am Start + ing = starting
You Are Come + ing = coming
He Is Visit + ing = visiting
She Is swim + ing = swimming
It Is Take + ing = taking
We Are Bring + ing = bringing
You Are Get + ing = getting
They Are Smile + ing = smiling

Fill in the blanks with the present progressive tense of the verbs in parentheses.

1. They ________________ the roller-coaster ride. (enjoy)


2. Jill ________________ her hair. (wash)
3. It ________________ dark. (get)
4. The dentist ________________ Sue’s teeth. (examine)
5. The train ________________ through the tunnel. (pass)
6. The men _______________ very hard in the sun. (work)
7. What _________ the theater _________ today? (show)
8. We ________________ a snowman. (make)
9. The plane ________________ above the clouds. (fly)
10. The teachers ________________ a meeting. (have)

Has / Have
Significa tener, sin embargo, en inglés, cada uno es utilizado con un pronombre determinado.

I have Tengo
You have Tienes
He Has
She Has Tiene
It has
We have Tenemos
You Have Tienen
They Have Tienen

8
INGLÉS
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Hace referencia a sucesos pasados que explican o afectan el presente y utilizan have / has como verbos auxiliares.
Have or Has + pasado participio
Have / Has Contracción Pasado participio
(verbo + ed)
I Have I’ve Start + ed = started
You Have You’ve Open + ed = opened
He Has He’s Visit + ed = visited
She Has She’s Move +ed = moved
It Has It’s finish + ed = finished
We Have We’ve Score + ed = score
You Have You’ve
They Have They’ve Smile + ed = smiled

Fill in the blanks with the present perfect tense of the verbs in parentheses.
1. Dad ______________ his car key. (lose)
2. All the guests ______________. (arrive)
3. Tony ______________ a goal. (score)
4. Peter _____________ in the tent several times. (sleep)
5. It ____________ not ____________ for two months. (rain)
6. Some prisoners ______________ from the prison. (escape)
7. The plane ______________ at the airport. (land)
8. John ______________ a puppet. (make)
9. Dad and I ______________ a big fish. (catch)
10. I ______________ this movie twice. (see)

Simple past: acciones que sucedieron en el pasado y ya concluyeron.


Verbo + ed
A los verbos que terminan es -e, solo se les agrega la “d”
En los verbos terminados en “y”, ésta es sustituida por una “i” y después de agrega el “ed”

I Decide + d = decied
You Learn + ed = learned
He laugh + ed = laughed
She try + ed = tried
It Walk + ed = walked
We Aim + ed = aimed
You Bake + d = baked
They Work + ed = worked

Fill in the blanks with the correct simple past tense of the verbs in parentheses.
1. She ___________ home alone. (go)
2. The wind ___________ throughout the night. (blow)
3. An apple ___________ on his head. (drop)
4. The Princess’s ball ___________ into the well. (roll)
5. A frog __________ into the well and ___________ it back to her. (jump/bring)
6. Jack ___________ the highest grade in his English class. (get)
7. The party ___________ at 8:00 P.M. (begin)
8. He __________ his old car and __________ a new one. (sell/buy)
9. Jack ___________ up the ladder carefully. (climb)
10. Who ___________ all the windows? (shut)

9
INGLÉS
PAST PROGRESSIVE
Se refiere a acciones continuas en el pasado
Was / were + present participle
Verb to be Present participle
(Verb + ing)
I Was Start + ing = starting
You Were Come + ing = coming
He Was Visit + ing = visiting
She was swim + ing = swimming
It was Take + ing = taking
We Were Bring + ing = bringing
You Were Get + ing = getting
They Were Smile + ing = smiling

Fill in the blanks with the correct past progressive tense of the verbs in brackets.
1. James ______________ to Peter. (talk)
2. Sue ______________ a storybook. (read)
3. Rudy ______________ the chalkboard. (erase)
4. David ______________ his math exercise. (do)
5. Peter ______________ Joe his new watch. (show)
6. Jane ______________ a horse in her notebook. (draw)
7. Ahmad ______________ for his pencil. (look)
8. Some children ______________ a lot of noise. (make)

FUTURE
Utiliza “shall” & “will” como verbos auxiliaries
Contracción Negación Verb in base form
(Will + not / shall + not)
I Will / shall I’ll Won’t / shan’t Play
You Will You’ll Won’t Be
He Will He’ll Won’t Make
She Will She’ll Won’t Wash
It Will It’ll Won’t Rain
We Will / shall We’ll Won’t / shan’t Bring
You Will You’ll Won’t Get
They Will They’ll Won’t Buy
Otra forma para hablar en futuro es utilizar la frase
Verb to be + going to + verb
1. We are going to bake a cake this afternoon
2. I’m sure mon and dad are going to be proud of me
3. It is going to get dark very soon.

Fill in the blanks with the correct future tense of the verbs in brackets, using shall or will.
1. You __________ fat if you eat too many desserts. (grow)
2. The new school building ___________ ready soon. (be)
3. We ___________ to the zoo after breakfast. (go)
4. I ___________ my bath before dinner. (take)
5. Peter ___________ lots to do on his grandmother’s farm. (find)
6. If we ask her, she ___________ us how to play chess. (teach)
7. If he works hard, he ___________ his exams. (pass)
8. ___________ we ___________ home now? (go)

10
INGLÉS
Complete these sentences by changing shall or will to the appropriate form of the verb be + going to (i.e., am,
is, or are + going to).

1. They will be busy tomorrow.


They ______________ be busy tomorrow.
2. I hope I will be ready on time.
I hope I ______________ be ready on time.
3. We shall visit James this evening.
We ______________ visit James this evening.
4. It will rain soon.
It ______________ rain soon.
5. Dad will take us to the movies tomorrow.
Dad ______________ take us to the movies tomorrow.

AUXILIARY VERBS

• Can: se usan para referirse a la habilidad de algo o alguien para realizar algo.
o He can rush faster than Arthur
o She cannot afford such an expensive ring
• Could: es el pasado de “can”
o Miss Lee said we could go home early
o She could not come because she was ill.

Abreviaciones: can’t / couldn’t

• May: se usa para hablar de cosas o sucesos que solo es probable que pasen.
o I may go to Sue’s birthday party

También se utiliza para preguntar si tienes permiso de hacer algo o para otorgar a alguien el permiso
de hacerlo.
o May I come in?
o Yes, you may come in
• Might: es el pasado de “may”
o I knew my teacher might find out.

• Would: es el pasado de Will.


o Peter said he would come.
o John and Sue said they would meet me at the airport.
o He promised he would not forget her birthday.

• Should: se utiliza para hablar de acciones que son necesarias o para cosas que una persona DEBE hacer.
o You should always look before crossing the street
o We should always thanks people for presents.
o Children should not play in traffic.

11
INGLÉS
Abreviaciones: wouldn’t / shouldn’t

Fill in the blanks with can, could, may or might.


1. ________ you jump over the hurdle?
2. We ran as fast as we ________.
3. Some people ________ speak three languages.
4. Jean ________ dance quite well.
5. The man is shouting. He ________ need help.
6. If you hurry you ________ catch the train.
7. Dave doesn’t look well. He ________ have a fever.
8. The baby is crying. She ________ be hungry.
9. ________ I borrow your bike?
10. I don’t know where Jane is. You ________ find her in the library.
11. ________ you drive?
12. Who ________ answer the question?
13. ________ you show me the way to the zoo?
14. He ________ play the piano.

Fill in the blanks with would or should.


1. Every student ________ have a good dictionary.
2. ________ you like some coffee?
3. Yes, I ________ love a cup of coffee.
4. We ________ all learn good table manners.
5. We ________ like to go outdoors if it stops raining.
6. John said he ________ help me with science.
7. ________ you like to play a game with me?
8. Children ________ not watch too much television.
9. You ________ not play with fire.
10. He promised he ________ meet me after school.
11. We ________ not waste water.
12. You ________ all pay attention in class.
13. What ________ we do now?
14. ________ you help if I asked?
15. Of course, I ________ help you!

SUBJECT - VERB AGREEMENT


Si el sujeto o el pronombre es singular, se necesita poner un verbo en psingular
1. The children are playing on the swings
2. Dad always drives to work.
3. The zookeeper is feeding the animals.
4. Mom has bought a dress for my sister

Si el sujeto o pronombre es plural, se utiliza un verbo en plural


1. The stars shine brightly on a clear night.
2. We have finished our homework.

Tell whether the subject of each sentence is singular or plural. Choose the verb in parentheses () that agrees
with the subject.
Example: A citizen (need needs) to give something to the community. Singular-needs
1. Many citizens (attend attends) government meetings.
2. Some citizens (interest interests) other people in important projects.
3. They (put puts) up announcements.
4. The announcement (tell tells) why the project is important.
5. I (write writes) letters to the newspaper.

12
INGLÉS
Use this formula to check on the following sentences.
For singular nouns use: SS – VS
For plural nouns and 1st person use: PS – V/S
1. They write what is shown in the board. PS—V/S
2. Dogs and cats are friends they always play along.
3. Children from all over the world jump for no reason.
4. The movie was so bad that puts me to sleep in no time.
5. Girls have always something to say about everything.
6. The boys in my class behave bad most of the time.
7. I want to break free.

Fill in the blanks with verbs that match the subjects. Use the correct form of the simple present tense of the
verbs in parentheses.
1. A tiger ________. (roar)
2. All birds ________ eggs. (lay)
3. Dad ________ listening to music. (like)
4. Uncle Bob ________ his car every day. (wash)
5. She ________ all the answers. (know)
6. There ________ twelve months in a year. (be)
7. The twins often ________ . (fight)
8. Our parents ________ us. (love)

PREPOSITIONS
PREP PREP PREPOSITION
About Sobre Except Excepto Throughout De arriba abajo / a lo largo de
Above Encima de Excepting Con excepción de To para
Across Que cruza For Para Toward Hacia
After Después From De Under abajo
Against Contra In En (adentro de Underbeath Bajo / por debajo
algo)
Along A lo largo / In front of En frente de Until Hasta
Among Entre Inside Adentro Up Arriba
(entre otros.. =
among
others..)
Around alrededor In spite of A pesar de Upon Sobre/
At En / a Instead of En vez de With Con
Because Porque Into En / a / contra Within Dentro de
of
Before Antes Like Como Without sin
(comparativo)
Behind Detrás Near Cerca With respect Con respect a
to
Below Debajo Of De Forward Hacia Adelante
Beneath Por debajo de Off De (quitado)
Beside (s) Además On Sobre
Between Entre Onto sobre
Beyond Mas allá de Out fuera
But Pero Outside Afuera
By Por Over Por encima de
Despite A pesar e Regarding Con relación a
Down Abajo since desde
during Durante Though A través de

13
INGLÉS
Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions from the list.
near / by / on / at / between / in / around / into / up / behind
1. The bus arrived ________ 8:30 A.M.
2. The children are swimming ________ the pool.
3. There’s a picture ________ the wall.
4. There is a fence ________ the house.
5. Granny is sitting ________ fire.
6. Harold is hiding ________ the chair.
7. Jack climbed ________ the beanstalk.
8. We divided the candy ________ us.
9. I dived ______ the river.
10. Don’t go too ________ the edge.

SENTENCE STRUCTURE

Oraciones declarativas
I (pronoun) drank(verb) a lemonade(direct object) yesterday(adverb)
Sujeto + verbo + objeto
1. I am writing a story
2. You have forgotten your umbrella
3. The twiins climbed the hill
4. They have bought an ice cream

Oraciones Imperativas
verbo + objeto
1. Choose a partner!
2. Find some nice round pebbles
3. Come back soon
4. Stand, everyone!

QUESTIONS
Verbo auxiliar + sujeto + verbo
What? When? Where? Who? Why? How?
¿Qué? ¿Cuándo? ¿Dónde? ¿Quién? / ¿Quiénes? ¿Por qué? ¿Cómo?

James is ill today Is James ill today?


The cats want to be fed Do the cats want to be fed?
We should go now Shoud w ego now?
You may use my computer May I use your computer?
Kate can ride a bike Can Kate ride a bike?
She has an older brother Has she an older brother?

Arrange the word to form logical sentences


1. No! I key. lost Oh! my
2. got a Have you problem homework? your with
3. I to don't exams. got school because want to I tomorrow two have go
4. bought you the last Hotel Tokio's Have Cd?
5. I you. with won't I but go am sorry
6. to here. speak You aren't allowed Stop!
7. cinema. go the to will I

14
INGLÉS
Read the passage and choose the present-tense verb that belongs in each space. Mark the letter for your answer.

Passing good laws is one way people (1)____ the nation. Congress (2)___ laws. Members of congress (3)____ to ideas
for laws. They these (4)___ into bills. Members (5)____ for or against each bill. Finally, they (6)____ on whether to make
the bill a law. The president also (7)____ to agree or disagree with the bills. After a bill (8)____ a law, people have to
obey it.

1. a) improved b)improve c) improves d) will improve


2. a) pass b)will pass c) passes d) passed
3. a) listen b)listened c) listens d )will listen
4. a) writed b)wrote c) writes d) write
5. a) speak b) will speak c) spoke d) speaks
6. a) votes b) voted c) vote d) will vote
7. a) got b) gets c) will get d) get
8. a) will become b) become c) became d) becomes

VOCABULARY

WORD WORD
Airport aeropuerto Flee market Mercadito (en la calle)
Bank Banco Museum Museo
Boarding house Casa de huespedes Neighborhood Barrio / colonia
Bookstall Kiosco Park Parque
Bus station Estación de autobuses Parking lot Estacionamiento
Bus stop Parada de sutobus Pólice station Estación de policía
Church Iglesia Post office Oficina de correos
Circus Circo Prison Cárcel
Crossroads Cruce de calles Railroad station Estación de tren
Crosswalk Pase peatonal Shop Tienda
Corner Esquina Stadium Estadio
Downtown Centro de la ciudad Streetlamp Faroles de la calle
Drugstore Farmacia Subway station Estación del metro
Embassy Embajada Traffic light Semáforo
Fountain fuente Taxi cab Taxi
Hairdresse’s Estética Cinema / movies Cine
Highway Carretera Bakery Panadería
Library Biblioteca Butcher’s Carnicería
Bookstore Tienda de libros Fire station Estación de bomberos
Super market Super mercado (HEB)

15
INGLÉS
Lea el siguiente texto y responda lo que se le pregunta.
( Pregunta 1 -4 )

Americans have three basic meals: breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Occasionally, there is a fourth and last meal supper,
which takes place at night.
The time when each meal takes place is determined by work. Breakfast usually takes place at home early in the
morning. It is usually a quick meal, because people are usually in a hurry. Lunch time is somewhere between 12 and 2
o’clock, usually when people is at work or school. This means is usually light, and sometimes people use to skip it.
Dinner is always after school or work, usually at home. It is served between six and eight o’clock. It is a full meal and
provides families the chance to talk about the activities they had along the day.

1.- ¿Cuál es la comida que sigue después del lunch? 2.- De acuerdo con la lectura, los estadounidenses
acostumbran empezar la tercera comida del día entre
A. Supper las __________ y y las ___________
B. Breakfast
C. Dinner A. 8-10
D. Meal B. 6-8
C. 3-6
D. 10-12

3.- Habitualmente, ¿cuántas comidas hacen los 4.- Es equivalente a la palabra skip en el texto.
estadounidenses?
A. Bound
A. Dos B. Bounce
B. Tres C. Omit
C. Cuatro D. Hop
D. Cinco

5. - I ___________ the evening news at 6 p.m. 6. - _____________ conventional photography,


holography prodeces three-dimentional images.
A. Always watches
B. Watches always A. It is unlike
C. Always watch B. Unlike
D. Watch always C. Unlike it is
D. It is unlikely

7. – Traduzca al inglés el siguiente enunciado. 8. – What time _____________ to bed.


Ella no trabaja en la nueva oficina.
A. Does he go usually
A. She doesn’t work in the new office. B. Does he usually go
B. She do no work in the new office. C. Do he usually go
C. Do she not work in the new office. D. Do he go usually
D. She doesn’t works in the new office.

9. – Las siguientes palabras son verbos excepto. 10. – Traduzca la siguiente oración.

A. Let Estas son mis rodillas, ese es tu codo y esas son tus
B. Became piernas.
C. Swim A. Those are my elbows, this is your knee, and
D. Token those are his legs.
B. These are my knees, that is your elbow, and
those are his legs.
C. That are mine elbows, this is your knee, and
those are his legs
D. Those are mine knees, that is your elbow, and
these are his legs.

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INGLÉS
11. – Either her children or her husband ____________ 12. - ___________ people in the Unites States saw the
arriving today. Picasso exhibit.
A. Are A. Eight million of the most
B. Is B. Eight million more
C. Was C. More than eight million
D. Am D. Eight million more than

13. – Complete el siguiente diálogo. 14. - Las siguientes palabras corresponden al mismo
A.- Where is your brother running today? grupo excepto.
B.- He is ____________ in the park now, but he usually
_____________at the beach. A. Mountain
B. River
A. Run-running C. Lake
B. Running-ran D. Ocean
C. Running-runs
D. Run-run

15. – Bookstores ____________ increasing their sales. 16. – My laptop is ____________ yours.
That means people must ____________ more than before.
A. Gooder than
A. Were-reading B. Better than
B. Are-have read C. Best than
C. Are-be reading D. The better than
D. Were-like to read

17. – Do _____________ chocolates belong to you? 18. – Complete el siguiente diálogo


A: I ____________________________
A. This B: You should go to see a doctor.
B. Those A. Feel very healthy
C. That B. Have a stomach-ache
D. They C. Do not have a headache
D. Am not sick

19. –They took _____________ time to do it. 20. – You can take __________ route to get there.
A. Fear A. Only
B. A lot of B. Two
C. Many C. Either
D. Very D. Both

21. – Complete el siguiente diálogo 22. - ________________________ mainly for the


A: There is a great restaurant at the Crown Plaza invention of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell
B: _______________________________________ devoted his life to helping the deaf.

A. How are you? A. To remember


B. At eight o’clock B. Though remembered
C. Who’s that? C. Who is remembered
D. Really? I want to go there D. While remembering

23. –They managed to find three miners, who were 24. – He is one of the famous tennis
____________ three days after the underground explosion. players the world. It is known that to
fame on the tennis court you have to be very good
A. Lived indeed.
B. Live A. Most-in-earn
C. Alive B. Few-by-had
D. Living C. Must-by-won
D. Less-for-win

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INGLÉS
25. – To answer accurately is __________ 26. – Hi, this is my brother. He is a ___________
important than A. astronaut
B. ophthalmologist
A. Most-a quick finish C. doctor
B. More-to finish quickly D. nurse
C. More-a quick finish
D. Most-to finish quickly

27. – Complete el siguiente diálogo 28. –How _______ peanuts did you eat yesterday?

A: A. Several
¿ B. Much
B: My homework C. Few
D. Many
A. Who’s that ?
B. Do you live here?
C. What are you doing?
D. Do you workin this office?

29. - If people recycled paper, we __________ 30. – Traduzca la siguiente oración


thousands of trees Yo tengo que ir a la escuela la siguiente semana.

A. Are saving A. Next week I should go to school


B. Save B. I had to went to school next week
C. Could save C. I have to go to school next week
D. Will save D. To school I have to went next week

31.- Traduzca la siguiente oración 32. – Jean will come ______________ England
Aquellos niños están felices. tomorrow

A. This children are happy A. Between


B. These children are happy B. With
C. That children are happy C. Of
D. Those children are happy D. From

33. - __________ you wearing a blue pullover? 34. – Listen! The telephone is ___________

A. Weren’t A. Rings
B. Didn’t B. Ringing
C. Haven’t C. Ring
D. Isn’t D. Rang

35. – Otro nombre que se les da a los “cognados”. 36. –Professor Jones ______ _____a novel at the
moment.
A. Sinónimos
B. Referentes A. Is writing
C. Conectores B. Wrote
D. Transparentes C. Will write
D. Doesn’t write

37. - _________ books are there on the table? 38. - ____________ Henry at work yesterday?
A. Does
A. How many B. Was
B. Who C. Did
C. How much D. Were
D. What are

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INGLÉS
39. – El falso cognado “exit” significa 40. – David __________ in the house now.

A. Existir A. Not is
B. Ejercer B. Are not
C. Éxito C. Not
D. Salida D. Is not

41. – Zague is __________ than Luis García. 42. – They __________ teachers, they are drivers.

A. The tallest A. Not are


B. More tall B. Are not
C. Taller C. Has not
D. The most tall D. Is not

43. – This book belongs to William. Give it to ___________ 44. – I haven’t ridden a motorcycle __________
I was at jr. high school.
A. The
B. He A. For
C. His B. From
D. Him C. Or
D. Since

45. – I __________ not tall, you are tall.

A. Is
B. Has
C. Are
D. Am

Read the text and answer the questions.

Tissue-engineered grafts may be useful in myocardial repair; however, previous scaffolds have been structurally
incompatible with recapitulating cardiac anisotropy. Here, we use microfabrication techniques to create an accordion-
like honeycomb microstructure in poly (glycerol sebacate), which yields porous, elastomeric three-dimensional (3D)
scaffolds with cultured neonatal rat heart cell demonstrated utility through: (1) closely matched mechanical properties
compared to native adult rat right ventricular myocardium, with stiffnesses controlled by polymer curing time; (2) heart
cell contractility inducible by electric field stimulation with directionally dependent electrical excitation thresholds
(p<0.05); and (3) greater heart cell alignment (p<0.0001) than isotropic control scaffolds. Prototype bilaminar scaffolds
with 3D interconnected pore networks yielded electrically excitable grafts multi-layered neonatal rat heart cells.
Accordion-like honeycombs can thus overcome principal structural-mechanical limitations of previous scaffolds,
promoting the formation of grafts with aligned heart cells and mechanical properties more closely resembling native
myocardium.
G.C Engelmayr. Accordion-like Honeycombs for Tissue Engineered of Cardiac Anisotropy

46. - What is the cardiac grafts background? 47. - What is the approach to construct a new graft?

A. Tissue engineered cardiac grafts have not been A. Creating a three-dimensional polysorbitol
used before microstructure
B. Cardiac grafts are incompatible with scaffolds in B. Distinguishing pluripotential cells from
anisotropy myocardial cells
C. Tissue engineered has been used, but C. Reorganizing the current engineered graft tissue
incompatibility occurred D. Creating an accordion-like honeycomb
D. Cardiac anisotropy is incompatible with myocardial microstructure
repair

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INGLÉS
48. - What is demonstrated about the graft’s mechanical 49. - What does the article refer to?
properties in the rat model?
A. Cardiac engineering
A. The graft cured the adult rat’s ventricular B. Experiments in rats
myocardium C. Tissue engineering
B. Mechanical properties resemble the adult rat’s D. Cardiac surgery
heart cells
C. Graft stiffness in the polymer increases its
mechanical properties
D. Curing time is controlled by the heat’s mechanical
properties

50. - Order the following words to form a logical sentence 51. - Choose the synonym of the bold word.
The new Ecology Program at our university was
1. The way canceled due to financial constraints. The group of
2. Had recently researchers in this project will have to find a solution to
3. We knew this problem.
4. Because we
A. Restrictions
5. Been there
B. Proportions
C. Concepts
A. 1,3,2,4,5
D. Behaviors
B. 3,1,4,2,5
C. 4,1,2,5,3
D. 1,4,2,5,3

Read the text and answer the questions.

NEW YORK – You’ve read the book, now eat the pizza
Since 1985, that’s been the gist of Pizza Galaxy’s Book It, an incentive program used by 50,000 schools nationwide to
reward young readers with free pizzas. The program is now under attack by child-development experts who say it
promotes bad eating habits and turns teachers into corporate promoters.
Book It, which reaches about 22 million children a year, “epitomizes everything that’s wrong with corporate-sponsored
programs in school,” said Susan Linn, a Harvard psychologist and co-founder of the Campaign for a Commercial-Free
Childhood. “In the name of education, it promotes junk food consumption to a captive audience…. and undermines
parents by positioning family visits to Pizza Galaxy as an integral component of raising literate children,” Linn said.
Linn’s organization, hoping to capitalize on a surge of concern about child obesity and junk food, this week called on
parents and educators to end their school’s participation in the long-standing program. Linn noted that many schools
are trying to reduce student’s access to soda, and said Book It should face similar scrutiny.
http://www.msnbc.msn.com

52. - Complete the sentence 53. - According to Susan Linn, Book It…
promotes junk food consumption.
A. Is a good program that rewards young readers
A. Commercial-Free Childhood B. Should add soda to the pizza reward
B. Susan Linn C. Is wrong
C. A Harvard psychologist D. Is reducing student’s access to soda
D. The program Book It

54. - Complete the sentence. 55. - Choose the correct meaning of the bold word.
Last summer the archaeology class made a trip to Uxmal. It
was an unforgettable experience and I can tell you that Every time we come to this restaurant I pig out.
I saw the “Dwarf Temple” I was speechless.
A. When A. Try not to eat a lot
B. Since B. Eat too much
C. While C. Look what others eat
D. Until D. Eat only pork

20
INGLÉS
Read the text and answer the questions
Alternative Energy Resources
[1] As the reserves of fossil fuels decrease and environmental damage related to their use inevitable increases,
governments and industries are seeking alternatives to anticipate growing energy needs. Most existing alternative
energy sources are renewable and can be used virtually without depletion or can be replenished over a relatively short
period of time. Examples of this kind of sources are geothermal, hydroelectric, solar, and, wind energy, among others.
[2] Solar-powered pocket calculators and wristwatches take advantage of an energy source that is a paradigm of a
totally renewable and easily accessible energy source that requires no expensive drilling or destructive strip mining
cannot be monopolized by unfriendly political regimes and produces no hazardous wastes or air pollution.
[3] Solar heating can be either passive or active. Passive solar heating distributes the heat naturally, in northern
regions; the simplest way to heat spaces passively is to construct buildings with windows
facing south. This can be done with an architectural design that coupled with efficient insulation, complements
traditional heating systems by sharply reducing both air pollution and the cost of heating with fossil fuels.
[4] Active solar heating works via water-filled, roof mounted panels with black lining that absorb maximum sunlight. The
solar-heated water is circulated through the building for space heating or directly to the building’s hot water system.
Solar panels are most productive mild, sunny climates such as Florida, Texas, California, and the Southwest, where
they can provide as much as 90% of a building’s heat needs.
[5] Wind power is another clean renewable, nonpolluting energy source. Like solar power harnessing the wind is highly
dependent upon weather and location. However wind power is rarely cost-effective because winds need to blow
constantly, forcefully, and form a uniform direction for large-scale production.
[6] Although there is considerable controversy over the best way to utilize alternative energy sources, plus the
minimized subsides, it is crucial to implement comprehensive and coherent initiatives to offset energy shortages in the
future.

56. - Complete the sentence. 57. - In paragraph 6, the word comprehensive is similar
to:
The ____________ refers to different kinds of sources
which are not based on the burning of fossil fuels and that A. Ambiguous
can be of no harm to the environment; moreover, they can B. Ideological
be renewed. C. Extensive
A. Solar heating
D. Exclusive
B. Hydroelectric energy
C. Geothermal energy
D. Alternative energy

58. - What does the author conclude? 59. - Choose the mistake
A. In order to avoid future energy shortages and harm
in nature, it is important to develop new All of the employees in that company is required to be
technologies based on natural renewable sources. proficient in a second language.
B. Alternative energy sources can provide energy
A. All of
needs without polluting the environment or
B. Is
damaging nature and can be led to a large-scale
C. To be
production
D. A
C. Since there will be an energy shortage in the
future, the economic support for alternative energy
is sufficient to improve the use of this source.
D. There is an argument between government and
industry to utilize alternative sources.

60. - Complete the dialogue


-Your phone is ringing.
–Can you….

A. Pick it up?
B. Pick it out?
C. Bring it up
D. Hang up?

21
INGLÉS
Read the text and answer the questions.

TOKYO – Japan is pretty serious about robotics. If the droids are going to fit in, they probably need to learn the
Japanese custom of serving tea. Fortunately, researchers at
the University of Tokyo are exploring just that. In a demonstration this week, a humanoid with camera eyes made by
Kawada industries Inc. poured tea from a bottle into a cup. Then another robot on wheels delivered the cup of tea in an
experimental room that has sensors embedded in the floor and sofa as well as cameras on the ceiling, to simulate life
with robot technology. A
human being may be faster, but you’d have to say “Thank you” said University of Tokyo professor Tornomasa Sato.
That’s the best part about a robot. You don’t have to feel bad about asking it to do things. Sato believes Japan, a
rapidly aging society where more than a fifth of the population of 65 or older, will lead the world in designing robots to
care for the elderly, sick, and bedridden.

61.-Japanese researchers are programing robots to serve 62. - Why the author mention the % of old people in
tea because.... Japan?

A. It is a difficult task A. To justify why robots would be very useful


B. They want to incorporate them to daily life B. Because old people can afford robots
C. They want to lead the world in designing robots C. To justify why robots have to serve tea
D. Old people drink too much tea D. To demonstrate why Japan is a leader in
robotics

63. - According to the article, having a robot at home could 64. - Complete the sentence.
make us be: The surgery out when the
electricity went out.
A. More polite
B. Insensible A. Was being carried
C. Less polite B. Is being carried
D. More tolerant C. Carried
D. Was carried

65. - Select the error in the sentence 66. - Choose the synonym of the bold word.
The efficiency of a solar system, among other (1) popular Although he did his best, he didn’t succeed in his
energy sources, is (2) still being (3) debate (4) in scientific project.
circle.
A. Despite
A. 1 B. Because
B. 2 C. However
C. 3 D. Whereas
D. 4

Read the text and answer the questions


Acid Rain’s Dirty Business: Stealing Minerals from Soil
As ecological crises go, the damage done by acid rain has seemed pretty easy to fix. Just cut emissions of sulfur from
power plants, and trees would again flourish and acidic waters return to their natural pH. But even though the Unites
States, Canada, and European countries have cut sulfur pollution forests, lakes, and streams haven’t bounced back as
quickly as expected. The reason, scientists have suspected, is that acid rain has brought profound changes in the soil,
to which all these ecosystems are linked. Now, after looking over 30 years of data from a New Hemisphere forest,
researchers may have confirmed this hunch. On page 244 of this
issue, ecologists Gene Likens and Donald Buso of the Institute of Ecosystem Studies in Millbrook, New York, and
environmental engineer Charles Driscoll of Syracuse University report that over the past 30 years, acid rain has been
leaching the soil in their study area of vast quantities of the base mineral ions that buffer, or neutralize acids and are
essential to plant growth. Given the rate at which these ions are still being depleted, they find it could be decades
before the acid rain-ravaged ecosystems become healthy again. “Soils take hundreds to thousands of years to
develop. If their chemistry is changed dramatically, it’s a major impact. It will take a very long time for them to recover”,
Likens, says.

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INGLÉS
67. - What does Gene Likens refer in the text? 68. - What do ecologists Gene Likens, Donald Buso, and
Charles Driscoll report?
A. The long recovery depends on a dramatic impact in
the soil A. Acid rain produces neutralizing acids that help
B. Soil chemistry has a dramatic impact in its own the soil and in consequence plant growth
recovery. B. There are big quantities of basic mineral ions in
C. The development of soil takes a long time if its the soil that increase during acid rain
chemistry is changed, it takes the soil a long time to C. The basic mineral ions are the product of a
recover chemical reaction during acid rain
D. There is a great impact in a dramatic change that D. The acid rain depletes the soil from the basic
drives to a complete recovery in the soil mineral ions necessary for plant growth.

69. - Order the words to form a logic sentence. 70. - Choose the mistake in the verb phrase.

very (1), Titanic (2), movie (3), a (4), successful (5), was (6) My friend usually work (1) late, but today he left (2)
early because he didn’t (3) feel (4) well.
A. 4,3,2,6,1,5
B. 2,6,4,1,5,3 A. 1
C. 2,3,6,4,1,5 B. 2
D. 4,2,3,6,1,5 C. 3
D. 4

71. - Choose the right expression to complete the sentence

If you ___________ me, I would have lost my job. I’m really


thankful.

A. Hadn’t helped
B. Haven’t helped
C. Didn’t helped
D. Don’t help

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