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BUSS.-ETHICS-REVIEWER

The document outlines various business structures, including sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, and cooperatives, highlighting their key characteristics and ownership models. It also discusses business principles and ethics, branches of ethics, religious ethical teachings, and key philosophers' contributions to ethical theories. Additionally, it addresses workplace etiquette, applied ethics, and considerations in ethical decision-making.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
10 views4 pages

BUSS.-ETHICS-REVIEWER

The document outlines various business structures, including sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, and cooperatives, highlighting their key characteristics and ownership models. It also discusses business principles and ethics, branches of ethics, religious ethical teachings, and key philosophers' contributions to ethical theories. Additionally, it addresses workplace etiquette, applied ethics, and considerations in ethical decision-making.

Uploaded by

isadalawatatlo
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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REVIEWER FOR THE EXAM

I. BUSINESS STRUCTURES AND OWNERSHIP


1. Forms of Business Ownership
o Sole Proprietorship: The simplest form of business owned and
operated by one person. The owner has unlimited liability.
o Partnership: A business owned by two or more individuals who share
profits and losses.
o Corporation: A legal entity separates from its owners, characterized
by shared ownership through stocks, limited liability, and a potentially
long life span.
o Cooperative: A member-owned business that operates democratically
and focuses on meeting the needs of its members.
2. Key Characteristics
o Sole Proprietorship: Easy to set up, full control by the owner.

o Corporation: Limited liability, complex structure.

o Partnership: Shared responsibilities, mutual agreements.

o Cooperative: Democratic decision-making, shared benefits.

II. BUSINESS PRINCIPLES AND ETHICS


1. Business Principles
o Focus on achieving goals ethically.

o Importance of balancing profit with customer satisfaction and


adherence to regulations.
2. Business Ethics
o Concerned with moral principles in business practices.

o Differences from etiquette: Ethics focuses on moral principles, while


etiquette deals with social behaviors.
3. Socioeconomic Development
o Emphasizes economic growth and social well-being, not merely profit
generation.
III. BRANCHES AND THEORIES OF ETHICS
1. Branches of Ethics
Metaethics: Examines the origin and meaning of ethical principles.
Normative Ethics: Establishes moral standards of right and wrong.
Applied Ethics: Applies ethical theories to real-world situations.
2. Ethical Theories
o Utilitarianism: Actions are evaluated based on the greatest happiness
for the greatest number.
o Deontology: Emphasizes duty and rules over consequences.

o Ethics of Care: Focuses on relationships and empathy.

o Ethical Egoism: Suggests individuals act in their own self-interest.

o Consequentialism: Focuses on the outcomes of actions.

IV. RELIGIOUS ETHICAL TEACHINGS


1. Buddhism
o Emphasizes the Eightfold Path as a guide for ethical living.

2. Hinduism
o Centers on the concept of dharma (duty and moral law).

3. Christianity
o Ethical teachings are primarily based on the Bible.

4. Judaism
o Guided by the Torah in ethical matters.

5. Islam
o Ethical behavior is guided by the Qur'an and Hadith.

V. PHILOSOPHERS AND ETHICAL THEORIES


1. Lawrence Kohlberg
o Developed the theory of moral reasoning stages:

 Pre-conventional: Obeying rules to avoid punishment.


 Conventional: Following social norms and laws.
 Post-conventional: Ethical principles and justice beyond
societal norms.
2. Immanuel Kant
o Believed moral actions are based on duty and moral laws, not
consequences.
3. Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill
o Advocates of Utilitarianism, focusing on the greatest good for the
greatest number.

VI. CORE ETHICAL CONCEPTS


1. Relativism
o Morality depends on cultural and social contexts.

2. Objectivism
o Asserts that moral truths are universal and independent of personal
views.
3. Subjectivism
o Moral judgments are based on individual opinions and perspectives.

VII. VIRTUE ETHICS AND CONSEQUENTIALISM


1. Virtue Ethics
o Focuses on developing personal character and virtues.

2. Consequentialism
o Evaluates morality based on the outcomes of actions.

VIII. HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY


1. Motorist Hotels (Motels)
o Cater to travelers seeking convenient and short-term lodging.

IX. WORKPLACE ETIQUETTE AND APPLIED ETHICS


1. Workplace Etiquette
o Maintaining polite behavior, professionalism, and cultural sensitivity.
2. Applied Ethics
o Focuses on resolving real-world ethical dilemmas in business and other
fields.

X. ENUMERATION
1. Considerations in Ethical Decision-Making
o Identify the ethical issue.

o Consider the stakeholders involved.

o Evaluate the consequences of potential actions.

o Choose and implement the best ethical solution.

2. Five Pillars of Islam


o Shahada (Faith)

o Salah (Prayer)

o Zakat (Charity)

o Sawm (Fasting)

o Hajj (Pilgrimage)

3. Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development


o Obedience and Punishment Orientation

o Self-Interest Orientation

o Interpersonal Accord and Conformity

o Authority and Social Order Maintaining Orientation

o Social Contract Orientation

o Universal Ethical Principles

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