GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

Shruthi Patel BS
Department of BBA
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

UNIT II: Economic Environment

Shruthi Patel BS
Department of BBA
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
COURSE CONTENT

UM19BB264 – Global Business Environment (4-0-0-0-4)

Unit II: Economic Environment

Introduction, Economic Environment of Business, Structure of Economy. Economic Systems-Capitalism and Communism
Philosophy. Types of Economic Systems-- Capitalist Economy, Socialist Economy, Mixed Economy-changing trade in world
business environment. Economic Policies-Concepts and Implication. MNE’s In India. Composition of global Trade,
Economic Policies, Business and Economic Policies. Foreign Technology Acquisition-Impact of technological change.
15 Hrs
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Economic Environment refers to all

those economic factors, which have a
bearing on the functioning of a
business. Business depends on the
economic environment for all the
needed inputs.

It also depends on the economic

environment to sell the finished
goods. Naturally, the dependence of
business on the economic
environment is total and is not
surprising because, as it is rightly said,
business is one unit of the total
economy.
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

IMPORTANCE OF ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

• Managers assess economic environment and forecast market trends in the effort to make better
investment choices and competitive strategies.

• Economic analysis looks at several indicators of an economic environment with emphasis given to
how local conditions require adjusting analysis and interpretation.

• The economic environments of foreign companies and markets can help managers predict events
that might affect the company’s future performance.
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT- ECONOMIC SYSTEM

ECONOMIC SYSTEM

• An economic environment is a mechanism

that deals with the production, distribution
and consumption of goods and services.

• It is a set of structures and processes that

guides the allocation of resources and shapes
the conduct of business activities in a country.

• The spectrum of economic analysis is

anchored by ideas of:
1. Capitalism
2. Communism
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT-ECONOMIC SYSTEM

• CAPITALISM: Free market system built on private

ownership and control. Owners of capital have
inalienable property rights that give them right to
earn a profit in return of their effort, investment
and risk.

• COMMUNISM: Centrally planned system built on

state ownership of economic factors of
production and control of all economic activity.
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT-ECONOMIC SYSTEM

TYPES OF ECONOMIC SYSTEM

• MARKET ECONOMY

• COMMAND ECONOMY

• MIXED ECONOMY
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT- ECONOMIC SYSTEM

TYPES OF ECONOMIC SYSTEM

MARKET ECONOMY: A system in which individuals, rather than

government make the majority of the economic decisions.

Gives individual freedom to decide where to work doing what,

how to spend or save money and whether to consume now or
later.

Private Ownership of resources under Market Economy:

Individuals make decisions therefore market economy depends
on individuals and companies owning and controlling resources
rather than government.

Consumers influence the allocation of resources through their

demand for products.
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT - ECONOMIC SYSTEM

TYPES OF ECONOMIC SYSTEM

MARKET ECONOMY

Role of Government Intervention:

• Depends on few government restrictions as possible.

• Believes that less invisible the “hand” becomes due to

government intervention , less efficiently the market will run.

• The invisible hand is not infallible, given the needs for some
public goods.
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT - ECONOMIC SYSTEM

TYPES OF ECONOMIC SYSTEM

COMMAND ECONOMY: Also known as centrally planned economy.

• Government owns and controls all resources.

• The government commands the authority to decide what goods

and services, the quantity in which they are produced and the
price at which they are sold.

• Governments owns the means of production which are

managed by employees of state.

• Prices do not change much but quality of goods dramatically

affected.
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT- ECONOMIC SYSTEM

TYPES OF ECONOMIC SYSTEM

COMMAND ECONOMY: Also known as centrally planned
economy.

• Most Products are short in supply.

• Consumers have few alternatives.

• Not much incentive for companies to innovate.

• Little profit to invest in upgrades.

• ADVANTAGE: State has ability to mobilize unemployed

or underemployed resources to generate growth.
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT- ECONOMIC SYSTEM

TYPES OF ECONOMIC SYSTEM

MIXED ECONOMY: Fall in middle of Capitalist and
communism.

System in which economic decisions are largely market

driven and ownership is largely private, but the government
intervenes in private economic decisions,

Has elements of – market and central planning economies.

The government owns key factors of production yet

consumers and private producers influence price and
quantity.
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT- ECONOMIC SYSTEM

TYPES OF ECONOMIC SYSTEM

MIXED ECONOMY

Government Intervention:

• Central, regional or local government may own some

means of production.

• Government can influence private production and

consumption decisions.

• Government can redistribute income and wealth.

GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

Economic Conditions: Economic policies of a business unit are largely affected by the economic
conditions of an economy. Any improvement in the economic conditions such as standard of
living, purchasing power of public, demand and supply, distribution of income etc. largely affects
the size of the market.

.
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

Economic Growth: It’s a sustained increase in per capita national output or NNP over a period of time.
Rate of increase in total output must be greater than the rate of population.
National output is composed of such goods and services which satisfy the maximum wants of the maximum
number of people

Determinants of EG
• Human resources and its quality
• Natural resources
• Capital formation
• Technological development
• Social and Political factors
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

Business Cycle:
Economic Growth in countries have not followed a
steady and smooth trend.
There are long upward trend in GNP, but with
periodical short –run fluctuations in economic
activity. The economies of the countries have shown
period of economic expansion alternating with
period of contraction.

Thus Business / Trade Cycle:

“ Fluctuation of Economic activity characterized by

alternating periods of expansion and contraction.”
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

Business cycle is another economic

condition that is very important for a
business unit.

Business cycle has 5 different stages viz.

(1) Prosperity, (2) Boom, (3) Decline, (4)
Depression, (5) Recovery.
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

PHASES OF THE BUSINESS CYCLE

Expansion/Growth : During this phase of the business cycle, consumer

and business spending rise. Unemployment will drop during this phase,
which will further aid consumer spending.

Peak : After a period of growth, an economy will reach a peak, where

business is producing at or near full capacity, and the economy is at or
near full employment.

Recession : This is a phase when real GDP begins to decline. Consumers

and business reduce their spending, unemployment rises, investment
declines, and pessimism about the economy is likely to grow.

Trough/Depression : This is the lowest point of the business cycle.

Factories will be operating below capacity, allowing unemployment to
reach high levels. Jobs are difficult to find in this phase, and many
businesses may fail.
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

Recessions and Depressions

Economists say there have been 33 recessions in the United States

since 1854 through to now in total. Since 1980, there have been four
such periods of negative economic growth that were considered
recessions. Well known examples of recessions include the global
recession in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis and the Great
Depression of the 1930s.

A depression is a deep and long-lasting recession. While no specific

criteria exist to declare a depression, unique features of the Great
Depression included a GDP decline in excess of 10% and an
unemployment rate that briefly touched 25%. Simply, a depression is a
severe decline that lasts for many years.

SOURCE:INVESTOPEDIA
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

Classification of countries based on Economic Development:

• Developing countries are countries with economies that have a low gross domestic product (GDP) per
capita and rely heavily on agriculture as the primary industry.

• A developed country—also called an industrialized country—has a mature and sophisticated economy,

usually measured by gross domestic product (GDP) and/or average income per resident. Developed
countries have advanced technological infrastructure and have diverse industrial and service sectors.

• Underdeveloped economy is that economy in which there are low levels of living, absolute poverty, low
per capita income, low consumption levels, poor health services, high death rates, high birth rates and
dependence on foreign countries.”
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT-ECONOMIC POLICY

Economic policy is the term used to describe government actions that are intended to influence
the economy of a city, state, or nation. Some examples of these actions include setting tax rates,
setting interest rates, and government expenditures.

• Monetary policy.
• Fiscal policy.
• Supply-side policies.
• Microeconomic policies – tax, subsidies, price controls, housing market, regulation of monopolies.
• Labour market policies.
• Tariff/trade policies.
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT-ECONOMIC POLICY

• Monetary policy: is the macroeconomic policy laid down by the central bank. It involves management of
money supply and interest rate and is the demand side economic policy used by the government of a
country to achieve macroeconomic objectives like inflation, consumption, growth and liquidity.
• Fiscal policy: measures employed by governments to stabilize the economy, specifically by manipulating
the levels and allocations of taxes and government expenditures. Fiscal measures are frequently used in
tandem with monetary policy to achieve certain goals.
• Supply-side policies: Supply-side policies are government attempts to increase productivity and increase
efficiency in the economy. Free-market supply-side policies involve policies to increase competitiveness
and free-market efficiency. For example, privatisation, deregulation, lower income tax rates, and reduced
power of trade unions.
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT-ECONOMIC POLICY

• Microeconomic policies – tax, subsidies, price controls, housing market, regulation of monopolies. There
are a range of policy measures which are specifically microeconomic in nature that is they concentrate on
particular industries and products. These include subsidies, indirect taxes, competition policy, price
controls, environmental policies and regulation.
• Labour market policies: Labour policy includes policies concerned with relations between employers and
employees and those concerned with the employment, training and distribution of workers in
the LABOUR MARKET
• Tariff/trade policies: A tariff is a tax imposed by a government on imports or exports of goods. Besides
being a source of revenue for the government, import duties can also be a form of regulation of foreign
trade and policy that taxes foreign products to encourage or safeguard domestic industry.
• Non-Tariff Barriers (policies)
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT- INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

• International Economic Environment: The role of international economic environment is

increasing day by day. If any business enterprise is involved in foreign trade, then it is
influenced by not only its own country economic environment but also the economic
environment of the country from/to which it is importing or exporting goods. There are
various rules and guidelines for these trades which are issued by many organizations like
World Bank, WTO, UN etc.
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT- INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

The World Bank, International Monetary Fund, National Reserve Banks, European Central Bank,
and other National Financial Institutions

ORGANISATIONAL INSTITUTIONS – WTO, EU, NAFTA, ASEAN, ETC.

GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT- INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

World Bank: The world bank is an internationally supported bank that provides financial
and technical assistance to developing countries for development programs (e.g.
bridges, roads, schools)with the stated goal of reducing poverty.

International Monetary Fund (IMF) • “It is an organization of 186 countries ,working to

foster global monetary cooperation , secure financial stability ,facilitate international
trade ,promote high employment and sustainable economic growth and reduce
poverty” .

ORGANISATIONAL INSTITUTIONS – WTO, EU, NAFTA, ASEAN, ETC.

GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT- INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION:

• Intergovernmental organisation which regulates the international trade
• Officially commenced on 1st Jan 1995 under the Marrakesh Agreement
• Signed by 123 nations in 1994
• WTO had replaced GATT (General agreement on tariffs and trade)
• They deal with: agriculture, textiles and clothing, banking, telecommunications,
government purchases, industrial standards and product safety, food sanitation
regulations, intellectual property and much more.
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT- INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

What is regional trade agreements?

• A regional trade agreement (RTA) is a treaty between two or more
governments that define the rules of trade for all signatories.
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Types of Regional Integration
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT- INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

• North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA),

• European Union (EU)
• Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC).
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT- INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA),

• The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is a comprehensive trade
agreement that sets the rules of trade and investment between Canada, the
United States, and Mexico
• NAFTA has systematically eliminated most tariff and non- tariff barriers to free
trade and investment between the three NAFTA countries.
• Establishment: 1 January 1994
• Members: Canada, Mexico & United States
• Official languages: English, French and Spanish
• Secretariats: Mexico city, Ottawa, Washington D.C.
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT- INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

European Union (EU)

• The European Union is a unique economic and political partnership between 27
European countries.
• It has delivered half a century of peace, stability, and prosperity, helped raise
living standards, launched a single European currency, and is progressively
building a single Europe-wide market in which people, goods, services, and
capital move among Member States as freely as within one country
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT- INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

European Union (EU)

• Maintain and build on the peace established between its member states
• Bring European countries together in practical cooperation
• Ensure that European citizens can live in security
• Promote economic and social solidarity
• Preserve European identity and diversity in a globalised world
• Promulgate the values that Europeans share
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT- INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT- INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

• Established in 1989 with 12 member countries in Canberra, Australia
• It is a co-operative effort of 21 countries with a common goal of improving free
trade
• Headquarters of APEC is in Singapore
• It is the premier forum for facilitating economic growth, cooperation, trade and
investment in the Asia-Pacific region .
• Every year, one member country plays host to the meeting.
• APEC’s 21 members represent 41% of the global population, 49% of international
trade and 56% of the world’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT- INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

MISSION OF APEC
• To support sustainable economic growth and prosperity in Asia-Pacific region
• To build a dynamic and harmonious Asia- Pacific community

OBJECTIVE
• To sustain the growth and development of the world economy
• To increase economic interdependence by encouraging the flow of goods,
services and technology
• To develop multi-lateral trading system
• To reduce the barriers of trade in goods and services
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT- INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT-Other economic factors

What is National Income?

National income measures the total value of

goods and services produced within the economy
over a period of time.

Why is national income important?

Measuring the level and rate of growth of national

income is important to economists when they are
considering: – Economic growth and where a
country is in the business cycle – Changes to
average living standards of the population –
Looking at the distribution of national income (i.e.
measuring income and wealth inequalities)
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT-Other economic factors

NATIONAL INCOME CONCEPTS

Gross domestic product (GDP) is defined as "an aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of
the gross values added of all resident institutional units engaged in production

Gross national product (GNP) is the market value of all the products and services produced in one year
by labour and property supplied by the citizens of a country.

Personal Income (PI) Personal Income is the total money income received by individuals and
households of a country from all possible sources before direct taxes. Per Capita Income (PCI) Per
Capita Income of a country is derived by dividing the national income of the country by the total
population of a country.
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT-Other economic factors

MEASUREMENT OF NATIONAL INCOME

• PRODUCT METHOD
• INCOME METHOD
• EXPENDITURE METHOD
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT-Other economic factors

What is GDP?
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary
measure of the value of all final goods and
services produced in a period (quarterly or yearly).

Nominal GDP estimates are commonly used to

determine the economic performance of a whole
country or region, and to make international
comparisons.
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT-Other economic factors

Components of GDP:

• Consumption (C)

• Investment (I)

• Government Spending's (G)

• Net Exports (X – M)
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT-Other economic factors

Consumption: It is Household Final Consumption

Expenditure

It Includes • Durable Goods • Non-Durable Goods and •

Services
E.g.: Food, House Holds, Medical Expenses, Rent,
Jewellery, Gasoline, etc.

Investment: Investment by Business or Households in

Capital.

It Includes • Construction of New Mine. • Purchase of

Machinery or Equipment for Factory. • Purchase of
software. • Expenditure on New Houses. • Buying Goods
and Services.
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT-Other economic factors

Government Spending: Total Government

Expenditures on Final Goods and Services.

It Includes • Investment Expenditure by Government.

• Purchases of weapons for Military. • Salaries of Public
Servants. It does not include any transfer payments,
such as social security or unemployment benefits.

Net Exports (X – M)

Gross Exports (X) All Goods and Services Produced for

Overseas Consumption.
Gross Imports(M) Any Goods or Services Imported for
Consumption.
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT-Other economic factors

GDP CLACULATION
 GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT-Other economic factors

Inflation and Deflation

Inflation is the decline of purchasing power of a given

currency over time. A quantitative estimate of the rate at
which the decline in purchasing power occurs can be
reflected in the increase of an average price level of a basket
of selected goods and services in an economy over some
period of time. The rise in the general level of prices, often
expressed a percentage means that a unit of currency
effectively buys less than it did in prior periods.

Deflation is a general decline in prices for goods and

services, typically associated with a contraction in the supply
of money and credit in the economy. During deflation, the
purchasing power of currency rises over time.

SOURCE:INVESTOPEDIA
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT- Other economic factors

• Creeping or mild inflation is when prices rise 3% a year or less. According to the Federal
Reserve, when prices increase 2% or less, it benefits economic growth. This kind of
mild inflation makes consumers expect that prices will keep going up. That boosts demand.

• Walking inflation (2-10%) When inflation is in single digits – less than 10%. At this rate –
inflation is not a major problem, but when it rises over 4%, Central Banks will be increasingly
concerned. Walking inflation may simply be referred to as moderate inflation.

• Hyperinflation is a term to describe rapid, excessive, and out-of-control general price increases
in an economy. While inflation is a measure of the pace of rising prices for goods and
services, hyperinflation is rapidly rising inflation, typically measuring more than 50% per month.

• Refers to a type of inflation that occurs when the prices of goods and services increase at two-
digit or three-digit rate per annum. Galloping inflation is also known as jumping inflation. In the
words of Baumol and Blinder, “Galloping inflation refers to an inflation that proceeds at an
exceptionally high.”
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT- Other economic factors

• Stagflation refers to an economy that is experiencing a simultaneous increase in inflation and

stagnation of economic output. Stagflation was first recognized during the 1970's, where many
developed economies experienced rapid inflation and high unemployment as a result of an oil
shock.

• Core Inflation: An inflation measure which excludes transitory or temporary price volatility as in
the case of some commodities such as food items, energy products etc. It reflects
the inflation trend in an economy. Some goods and commodities have extremely volatile price
movements

• Wage push inflation is an overall rise in the cost of goods that results from a rise in wages. To
maintain corporate profits after an increase in wages, employers must increase the prices they
charge for the goods and services they provide
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT- Other economic factors

Money Supply: Money does not have any inherent

value

It is valuable because it is:

Medium of Exchange: – the most convenient medium

of exchange.
All the things which have utility are available in
exchange for money.
Under barter system where goods (or services) are
exchanged for goods (or services) dual coincidence of
wants is the basis for exchange.

Measure of Value: – Provides a common denominator

to all types of goods and services.
Store of Value: – Can be saved for future with
convenience, whereas other goods can be saved for a
limited time period only.
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT- Other economic factors

Demand for Money:

Keynes has identified three motives to hold money

Transaction Motive:
• Consumers need money to meet their day to day needs,
• producers need money to make investments.

Precautionary Motive:
• To cover for unforeseen events such as sickness, accidents
and losses, money is kept as precaution for contingency. –

Speculative Motive:
• For making gains from speculation on future value of
bonds and securities.
• Money may be demanded as a flow (transaction motive)
as well as a stock (precautionary motive).
• Money as a flow is that which is in circulation.
• Total money supply at any point of time consists of money
in circulation as well as in stock (in various forms of savings
and deposits).
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT- Other economic factors

Supply of Money

• Earlier money was in the form of coins,

composed of gold, silver and copper
,etc. Value of the coins was based on the
value of the metals they contained.
• A currency issued by the government is
called a fiduciary issue (based on trust
and confidence).
• Modern form of money is simply pieces
of paper or numbers in a ledger.
• System of paper money was introduced
based on the gold standard or silver
standard or some combination of the
two, to ensure people’s faith in the
system.
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT- SUMMARY
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
MNE’S IN INDIA
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
MNE’S IN INDIA
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
MNE’S IN INDIA
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
MNE’S IN INDIA
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
MNE’S IN INDIA
GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
MNE’S IN INDIA
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FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
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FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
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THANK YOU

Shruthi Patel BS
Department of BBA
[email protected]
+91 9945118600