Program Control Statements

• Control statements control the flow of

execution in a program or function.
• There are three kinds of execution flow:
– Sequence:
• the execution of the program is sequential.
– Selection:
• A control structure which chooses alternative to
execute.
– Repetition:
• A control structure which repeats a group of
statements. 1
 Decision Making Statement
• if statement
• switch statement
• Conditional operator statement
• goto statement

They are also known as control statements.

2
 BECOME FAMILIAR WITH THE if
• In its simplest form, the if statement
allows our program to conditionally
execute a statement.
• Its operation is governed by the
outcome of a conditional test evaluates
to either true or false.

3
Different forms of if statement

1. Simple if statement
2. if....else statement
3. Nested if......else statement
4. else if ladder
 If….
• Simplest form of if for single statement
if(expression)
statement;
• For multiple statements
if(expression)
{
statement 1;
statement 2;
……
statement n;
}
5
 If….
• The expression may be any valid
C expression.

• If the expression evaluated as

true, the statement will be
executed.

• If it does not - the statement is

bypassed and the line of code
following the if is executed.

6
 Old Problem!
• Draw the flowchart of a program that reads two numbers and
print “First” if first number is greater than second.
• The program

Home Task
1. Write a program that will reads a number from terminal
and determine whether this number is ‘odd’ or ‘even’ and
print the message- NUMBER IS EVEN or NUMBER IS ODD
2. Write a program to determine whether a given number is
divisible by 7 and 3 or not.

7
 if....
• In C, an expression is true if it evaluates to any
nonzero value.

• If it evaluate to zero, it is false.

8
 What will happen?
int a=10, b=20;
if(a < b)
printf(“This line will print.”);

Output

This line will print.

9
 What will happen?
int a=10, b=20;
if( a > b)
printf(“This line will print.”);

Output

Nothing!
10
 What will happen?
int
int a=10,
a=10, b=20;
b=20;
if(
if( 010) )
printf(“This
printf(“This line
line will
will print.”);
print.”);

Output
Output
This line will print.

Nothing!
11
 What will happen?

int a=10, b=20;

printf(“%d”, a<=b);

Output

12
 Remember!!!
• The result/value produce by the relational and logical
operators is either 0 or 1.

• It produce 1 for true

• And 0 for false.

• Should Tani buy this?

• Should they buy this?

13
 ADD THE else!
• We can add else statement to the if.
• The if…else statement is an extension of the simple if
statement.

if(test expression)
{
True-block statement(s)
}
else
{
False-block statement(s)
}
Statement x
14
 ADD THE else!

Which number is greater?

15
 if…else Ladder!

Which number is greater? 16

if…else Ladder!

17
Nested if…else

18
Nested if…else

19
 Nested if…else
Problem!
A commercial bank has introduced an incentive policy of
giving bonus to all its deposit holders. The policy is as
follows: A bonus of 2 per cent of the balance held on 31st
December is given to every one, inspective of their balance,
and 5 per cent is given to female account holders if their
balance is more than Tk. 50,000.

20
 Nested if…else
Problem!
A commercial bank has introduced an incentive policy of
giving bonus to all its deposit holders. The policy is as
follows: A bonus of 2 per cent of the balance held on 31st
December is given to every one, inspective of their balance,
and 5 per cent is given to female account holders if their
balance is more than Tk. 50,000.

21
Conditional Operators

exp1 ? exp2 : exp3

We will discuss it in slide 5!

 The Conditional Operator
• the conditional operator (? : )

• A conditional expression is written in the form

expression 1 ? expression 2 : expression 3

True or False? True False

23
 The Conditional Operator
•

(a + b) >= 13 ? a = 100 : a = 1000

True or False?

True
24
The Conditional Operator

i = (a+b)<13 ? 100 : 1000

True or False?

False
25
SELECT ALTERNATIVE WITH THE
switch STATEMENT
• If is good for choosing between two alternatives

• When several alternatives are needed we should use

switch statement.

• switch is C’s multiple selection statement.

• Use to select one of several alternative paths in

program execution
How it works?
A value is successively
tested against a list of
integer or character
constants.

When the match is

found, the statement
sequence associated with
that match is executed.

Statement sequence
are not blocks, not use
curly braces
Example - switch
 if vs switch
• switch can only test for equality, where
the if conditional expression can be of any
type
• switch will work with only int or char
types. We can’t use float or others.
Nested switch!
 goto Statement
• Guess what I am going to say!

We will learn
later!