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Rectilinear Motion With Uniform Accelaration

The document discusses rectilinear motion with uniform acceleration, detailing the kinematic equations that relate acceleration, velocity, position, and time. It provides examples of problems involving constant acceleration, such as a car accelerating from rest and a baseball thrown downward, including calculations for acceleration, final velocity, and time of travel. The document emphasizes that these equations are applicable only under constant acceleration conditions.

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11 views3 pages

Rectilinear Motion With Uniform Accelaration

The document discusses rectilinear motion with uniform acceleration, detailing the kinematic equations that relate acceleration, velocity, position, and time. It provides examples of problems involving constant acceleration, such as a car accelerating from rest and a baseball thrown downward, including calculations for acceleration, final velocity, and time of travel. The document emphasizes that these equations are applicable only under constant acceleration conditions.

Uploaded by

gabcalpito7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2-b.5.

Rectilinear Motion with Uniform Acceleration


Many of the problems usually encountered involve motion with uniform or constant acceleration. This
type of motion arises when a body is acted upon by a resultant force which is constant.
dv ds
When the acceleration is constant, each of the three kinematic equations ac = , v = , and
dt dt
ac ds = v dv may be integrated to obtain formulas that relate ac, v, s, and t.

Velocity as a function of time


v t

vo
dv =
 a dt
o
c

v − vo = ac (t − 0)
v = vo + ac t Eq. 2-4

Position as a function of time


s
  (v + a t) dt
t
ds = o c
so 0

s − so = vo (t − 0) + ac ( 12 t 2 − 0)

s = so + vo t + 12 ac t 2 Eq. 2-5

Velocity as a function of position


s
  a ds
v
v dv = c
vo so

(v 2 − vo ) = ac ( s − so )
1 2
2

v 2 = vo + 2 a c ( s − s o )
2
Eq. 2-6
The magnitudes and signs of so, vo, and ac used in these equations are determined from the chosen origin and
positive direction of the s axis.
It is important to remember that the above equations are useful only when the acceleration is constant and
when t = 0, s = so, v = vo. A common example of this motion occurs when a body falls freely toward the earth. If
air resistance is neglected and the distance of fall is short, then the constant downward acceleration of the body
when it is close to the earth is approximately 9.81 m/s2 or 32.2 ft/s2.

EXERCISES

1. A car starts from rest and reaches a speed of 80 ft/s after traveling 500 ft along a straight road. Determine its
constant acceleration and the time of travel.

From the given


Vo = 0 ft/s
V = 80 ft/s
So = 0 ft
S = 500 ft

Solving for the acceleration, lets apply the third formula


v 2 = vo + 2 a c ( s − s o )
2

802 = 02 + 2(ac)(500-0)
ac = 6.40 ft/s

Solving for t, apply the first formula


v = vo + ac t

80 = 0 + 6.40t
t = 12.5 seconds

2. A baseball is thrown downward from a 50-ft tower with an initial speed of 18 ft/s. Determine the speed at
which it hits the ground and the time of travel.

From the given above


Vo = 18 ft/s
S = 50 ft
So = 0 ft
Since the direction of the movement is downward, we can say that acceleration is equal to 32.2 ft/s2
ac = 32.2 ft/s2

applying the third formula


v 2 = vo + 2 a c ( s − s o )
2

V2 = 182 + 2(32.2)(50-0)
V = 59.53 ft/s

Solving for t, apply the first formula


v = vo + ac t
59.53 = 18 + 32.2t
t = 1.29 seconds
3. A ball is thrown vertically up with a velocity of 80 ft/sec at the edge of a 200-ft cliff. Calculate the height h
to which the ball rises and the total time t after release for the ball to reach the bottom of the cliff. Neglect air
resistance and take the downward acceleration to be 32.2 ft/sec2.

From the given above


From point A to Point B
Vo = 80 ft/s
ac = -32.2 ft/s2
since at point B, the ball will become at rest, thus, V = 0 ft/s
V = 0 ft/s
Solving for the height h that is from point A to point B, lets use the second formula
s = so + vo t + 12 ac t 2
h = 0 + 80t – ½ (32.2)t2
But we don’t have the value of t, time it traveled from point A to point B
Using first formula
v = vo + ac t
0 = 80 - 32.2t
t = 2.48 seconds

substitute the value of t

h = 0 + 80(2.48) – ½ (32.2)(2.48)2
h = 99.38 ft

solving for Total Time t


Total T = t (from point A to Point B) + t (from point B to point C)

We have already solved for t (from pt. A to pt. B) = 2.48 seconds


Solving for t (from pt. B to pt. C), let’s use second formula
Given that at point B
S = h + 200
So = 0
Vo = 0 ft/s
ac = 32.2 ft/s2

s = so + vo t + 12 ac t 2
H + 200= 0 + 80t + ½ (32.2)t2
99.38 + 200 = 0 + 0t+ ½ (32.2)t2
t = 4.31 seconds

Total time = 2.48 seconds + 4.31 seconds


Total time = 6.79 seconds

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