Calculus 2 Class 03 (Year 112) Week 9 Solutions

4 x=4
e2x−1 e7 − e
Z 
2x−1
1. (a) e dx = = .
1 2 x=1 2
√
3
x= √23
Z
2 3  −1
π π  π
(b) √ dx = 3 · sin (x) x= 1 = 3 − = .
1
2
1 − x2 2 3 6 2
(c)
3π 3π
Z
2
Z π Z
2 3π
| sin x| dx = (sin x) dx + (− sin x) dx = [− cos x]π0 + [cos x]π2 = 3.
0 0 π

2. In the following, ‘C’ denotes a constant.

x3 2x
Z
2 x 2
(a) (x + 2 + e ) dx = + + e2 x + C.
3 ln 2
(b)
√
Z   Z  
1 x−1 1 1 1 2 3 1
+ √ dx = + x− √ dx = ln |x| + x 2 − 2x 2 + C.
2x x 2x x 2 3
Z 2 Z
1 + sin y
(c) 2
dy = sec2 y + sec y tan y dy = tan y + sec y + C.
cos y
p
3. (a) i. f ′ (x) =
2 + sin3 (3x) · (3 cos(3x)).
Z ex √ Z ex √ Z x2 √
ii. Since f (x) = t sin(t) dt = t sin(t) dt − t sin(t) dt,
x2 0 0
√
f ′ (x) = ex sin(ex ) · (ex ) − |x| sin(x2 ) · (2x).
iii. By the chain rule, f ′ (x) = eg(x) · g ′ (x). Using FTC, we have
x2 16
g ′ (x) = 8
· (2x) so g ′ (2) = .
1+x 257
Z 4
t
Note that g(2) = dt = 0. These combines to yield that
4 1 + t4
16 16
f ′ (2) = eg(2) · g ′ (2) = e0 · = .
257 257
(b) Using L’Hospital’s rule,
R x2 √
0
sin t dt 00 sin(x) · (2x)
lim 3
= lim+
x→0+ x x→0 3x2
2 sin(x)
= lim+ ·
x→0 3 x
2
= .
3
(c) We are given that
√
Z x
f (t)
2
6+
dt = 2 x for all x > 0.
a t
To find f , we differentiate both sides of the above equation, we get
f (x) 1 3

2
= √ =⇒ f (x) = x 2 .
x x
To find the constant a, we substitute x = a into the given equation, we get
√
6 + 0 = 2 a =⇒ a = 9.

1
4. (a) By definition,
Z 2 n  
3 2X 2k
x dx = lim f where f (x) = x3
0 n→∞ n n
k=1
n  3
2 X 2k
= lim
n→∞ n n
k=1
n
16 X 3
= lim 4 k
n→∞ n
k=1
16 n2 (n + 1)2
= lim ·
n→∞ n4 4
 2
1
= lim 4 · 1 +
n→∞ n
= 4(1 + 0)
=4
Z 2 2n  
3 1X k
Remark. It’s okay to write x dx = lim f where f (x) = x3 . (i.e. it
0 n→∞ n k=1
n
doesn’t matter if we are dividing the region into n or 2n rectangles because we will take
n → ∞ at the end).

(b)
  2n
!
1 1 1 X 1
lim + + ··· + = lim
n→∞ n+1 n+2 3n n→∞
k=1
n+k
2n
!
1 X n
= lim ·
n→∞ n k=1 n + k
2n
!
1 X 1
= lim · k
n→∞ n k=1 1 + n
Z 2
1
= dx
0 1+x
= [ln |1 + x|]x=2
x=0

= ln 3.

1
5. (a) Since is decreasing for x ≥ 0, we have for any 0 ≤ x ≤ a that
1 + xn
1 1 1
n
≤ n
≤
1+a 1+x 1 + 0n
Therefore, by monotonicity of integrals, we have
Z a Z a Z a
1 1
n
dx ≤ n
dx ≤ 1 dx
0 1+a 0 1+x 0

Hence, Z a
a 1
≤ dx ≤ a.
1 + an 0 1 + xn

2
 (b) Taking a = 0.5 and n = 2 in (a), we obtain :
Z 0.5
0.5 1
2
≤ dx ≤ 0.5.
1 + (0.5) 0 1 + x2
Unwinding each term, we obtain
1
0.4 ≤ arctan ≤ 0.5.
2
6. (a) By FTC, we have
√ 2 √ 2
F ′ (x) = ( 2)sec x (sec x tan x) − ( 2)tan x (sec2 x)
√ 2 √ 2
= ( 2)1+tan x (sec x tan x) − ( 2)tan x (sec2 x)
√ 2
√ 
= ( 2)tan x sec x 2 tan x − sec x
√ 2
To find critical numbers, we set F ′ (x) = 0. Since ( 2)tan x sec x is never zero, this en-
√
forces 2 tan x − sec x = 0, or equivalently, sin x = √12 . Hence x = π4 .

′
√ tan2 x √

(b) By (a),
 we have F (x) = ( 2) sec x 2 tan x − sec x .
π < x < π,
4 2
F′ > 0
For .
− π < x < π , F ′ < 0
2 4
Therefore, F attains a local minimum at x = π4 according to the first derivative test.

7.
Z x2 Z x2
ln(t) 1
F (x) = 2
dt − ln(x2 ) dt
1 1+t 1 1 + t2
Z x2
ln(t) 
−1 2 π
=⇒ F (x) = dt − 2 ln(x) tan (x ) −
1 1 + t2 4
Therefore, using the product rule
ln(x2 ) 2  −1 2 π 2x
F ′ (x) = · (2x) − tan (x ) − − 2 ln x ·
1 + x4 x 4 1 + x4
2  π 
=− tan−1 (x2 ) −
x 4
π
Hence, F ′ (2) = − tan−1 (4).
4