MATHEMATICS

Mind map : learning made simple Chapter - 7

The method in which we change the variable to some d

It is the inverse of differentiation. Let, F x  f ( x ). Then, f x dx  F x   c,' c ' :
other variable is called the method of substitution dx
constant of integral. These integrals are called indefinite or general integrals.
 tan xdx  log sec x  c  cot xdx  log sin x  c Properties of indefinite integrals are
 sec xdx  log sec x  tan x  c  cos e c xdx  log cos e c x – cot x  c. (i)   f x   g x  dx   f x dx   g x dx , (ii)  kf x dx  k  f x dx ,
2 3 2
dx 1 x–a dx 1
 log
ax
c
 
For eg :  3x  2 x dx  x  x  c where k is real.
2
 log  c (ii)  2
x – a 2 2a xa a – x 2 2a a–x
dx 1 –1 x
dx 2 2 n x n 1
(iii)  x dx   c , n  –1 like,  dx  x  c
 x 2  a2  a tan a  c (iv)  x 2 – a2  log x  x – a  c n1
dx x dx dard
(v)  2  sin –1  c (vi)   log x  x 2  a 2  c. e stan (ii)  cos x dx  sin x  c (iii)  sin x dx   cos x  c
a 2 2 m als
a – x2 x a So tegr (iv)  sec 2 x dx  tan x  c (v) cos e c 2 x dx   cot x  c
in 
d 
1 2 1 2 1 2
 f x  f x dx  f x  f x dx –   dx f x  f x dx  dx (vi)  sec x tan x dx  sec x  c (vii) cos ecx cot x dx   cos ecx  c
dx dx
Integrals (viii)   sin –1 x  c (ix)   – cos–1 x  c
x 2 a2 1 – x2 1 – x2
 x 2 – a 2 dx 
x – a 2 – log x  x 2 – a 2  c.
2 2 dx dx
(x)   tan –1 x  c (xi)   – cot –1 x  c
2 2 x 2 2 a2 1  x2 1  x2 x
(ii)  x  a dx  x  a  log x  x 2  a 2  c. a
2 2 (xii)  e x dx  e x  c (xiii)  a x dx  c
log a
2 2 x 2 2 a2 x /4
dx –1 dx
(iii)  a – x dx  a – x  sin –1  c. (xiv)   sec x  c (xv) –1
2 2 a sin 2 x dx x x2 – 1

–/ 4
 x x 2 – 1  – cos ec x  c
/4 (xvi) 1 dx  log x  c
2 x
2  sin x dx
0
/4
 1 – cos 2 x P x  P1 x 
Let the area function be defined by 2  dx A rational function of the form
2 1
x 0 Q x 
Q x   0   T x  Q x  , P x 
A x   f x dxx  a , /4
a   1 – cos 2x dx has degree less than that of Q(x). We can integrate
P1 x 
by expressing
where f is continuous on a , b  0
/4 Q x 
then A ' x  f x x  a , b .  sin 2 x  px  q A B
 x – it in the following forms –   , a  b.
 2  0
  
x – a x – b x – a x –b
 1
 px  q A B px 2  qx  r A B C
4 2 (ii) 2
  (iii)   
x  a  x – a x – a 2 x – a x – b x – c  x – a x – b x – c
Let f be a continuous function of x defined on a , b  and let F be another function such that px 2  qx  r A B C px 2  qx  r A Bx  C
d b b (iv) 2
  2
 (v)  
F x   f x x  domain of f1 then f x dx   F x   c  a  F b – F a . This is called the
a x – a  x – b  x – a x – a  x – b x – a x 2  bx  c  x – a x 2  bx  c
dx
definite integral of f over the range a , b , where a and b are called the limits of integration,
a being the lower limit and b be the upper limit.
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Important Questions
Multiple Choice questions-
1. The anti-derivative of (√x + ) equals
√

2. If (f(x)) = 4x³ – such that f(2) = 0 then f(x) is ……………

3.

(a) 10x - x10 + c

(b) 10x + x10 + c

(c) (10x – x10)-1 + c

(d) log (10x + x10) + c.

4.

(a) tan x + cot x + c

(b) tan x - cot x + c

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(c) tan x cot x + c

(d) tan x - cot 2x + c.

5.

(a) tan x + cot x + c

(b) tan x + cosec x + c

(c) -tan x + cot x + c

(d) tan x + sec x + c.

6.

(a) -cot (xex) + c

(b) tan (xex) + c

(c) tan (ex) + c

(d) cot (ex) + c

7.

(a) x tan-1 (x + 1) + c

(b) tan-1 (x + 1) + c

(c) (x + 1) tan-1 x + c

(d) tan-1 x + c.

8.
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9.

10.

Very Short Questions:

1. Find ∫ dx (C.B.S.E. Sample Paper 2019-20)

2. Find: ∫ (cos2 2x – sin2 2x)dx. (C.B.S.E. Sample Paper 2019-20)

3. Find: ∫ (C.B.S.E. Outside Delhi 2019)

√

4. Evaluate ∫ dx (N.C.E.R.T. C.B.S.E. 2010C)

5. Find: ∫ dx (A.I.C.B.S.E. 2017)

6. Write the value of ∫

7. Evaluate: ∫ (x3 + 1) dx. (C.B.S.E. Sample Paper 2019-20)

/
8. Evaluate: ∫ 𝑒 (sin x – cos x) dx. (C.B.S.E. 2014)

9. Evaluate: ∫ √4 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (A.I.C.B.S.E. 2014)

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10.Evaluate: If f(x) = ∫ 𝑡 sin t dt, then write the value of f’ (x). (A.I. C.B.S.E. 2014)

Short Questions:
1. Evaluate:

2. Find: ∫ dx
√

3. Find: ∫ 1 – 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥𝑑𝑥, < x <

4. Find ∫ sinx . log cos x dx (C.B.S.E 2019 C)

( )
5. Find: ∫ dx (CBSE Sample Paper 2018-19)

( )
6. Evaluate ∫ ( )
dx (CBSE Sample Paper 2018-19)

7. Find ∫sin-1 (2x) dx

8. Evaluate: ∫ (1 – x ) sin x cos2 x dx.

Long Questions:
1. Evaluate: ∫ dx (C.B.S.E. 2019 (Delhi))

( )
2. Integrate the function w.r.t. x. (C.B.S.E. 2019 (Delhi))
( )

3. Evaluate: ∫ x2 tan-1 x dx. (C.B.S.E. (F) 2012)

4. Find: ∫ [log (log x) + ( )

] dx (N.C.E.R.T.; A.I.C.B.S.E. 2010 C)

Case Study Questions-

1. Integration is the process of finding the antiderivative of a function. In this process, we are
provided with the derivative of a function and asked to find out the function (i.e., Primitive)
Integration is the inverse process of differentiation.

Let f (x) be a function of x. If there is a function g(x), such that d/dx (g(x)) = f (x), then g(x) is called
an integral of f (x) w.r.t x and is denoted by ∫f (x )dx = g(x) + c, where c is constant of integration.
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(i) ∫(3x+4)3 dx is equal to:

(ii)

(iii) ∫sin2(x) dx is equal to:

(iv) ∫tan2(x) dx is equal to:

(v)

2. When the integrated can be expressed as a product of two functions, one of which can be
differentiated and the other can be integrated, then we apply integration by parts. If f(x) = first
function (that can be differentiated) and g(x) = second function (that can be integrated), then
the preference of this order can be decided by the word “ILATE”, where

I stands for Inverse Trigonometric Function

L stands for Logarithmic Function
A stands for Algebraic Function
T stands for Trigonometric Function
E stands for Exponential Function, then
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(i) ∫x.sin3x dx =

(ii) ∫ log(x + 1) dx =

(iii)

(iv)

Answer Key-
Multiple Choice questions-
1.

2.
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3. Answer: (d) log (10x + x10) + c.

4. Answer: (b) tan x – cot x + c

5. Answer: (a) tan x + cot x + c

6. Answer: (b) tan (xex) + c

7. Answer: (b) tan-1 (x + 1) + c

8.

9.

10.

Very Short Answer:

1. Solution:

I=∫ dx = 3 log lx + sin xl + c.

[∵ Num. = denom.]

2. Solution:

I = ∫cos 4x dx = +c

3. Solution:

4. Solution:
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5. Solution:

6. Solution:

7. Solution:

I = ∫ 𝑥 dx + ∫ 1 ⋅dx = I1

⇒ 2 – (-2) = 4.

8. Solution:
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/
∫ 𝑒 (sin x – cos x)dx
/
∫ 𝑒 (-cos x + sin x)dx

I” Form: ∫ex (f(x) + f'(x) dx”

= -e π/2 cos + e0 cos 0

= -e π/2 (0) + (1) (1)

= -0 + 1 = 1

9. Solution:

= [0 + 2 sin-1(1)] – [0 + 0]

= 2sin-1(1) = 2(π/2) = π

10.Solution:

We have: f(x) = ∫ 𝑡 sin t dt.

f'(x) = x sin x. (x) – 0

[Property XII; Leibnitz’s Rule]

= x sin x . (1)

= x sin x.

Short Answer:
1. Solution:
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2. Solution:

I=
√

Put tan x = t so that sec2 x dx = dt.

∴I=∫
√

= log |t + √𝑡 + 4| + C

= log |tan x + √𝑡 + 4| + C

3. Solution:

4. Solution:

∫sinx . log cos x dx

Put cox x = t

so that – sin x dx = dt

i.e., sin x dx = – dt.

∴ I = -∫log t.1dt
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= -[ log t.t – ∫ 1/t. t dt ]

[Integrating by parts]

= – [t log t – t] + C = f(1 – log t) + C

= cos x (1 – log (cos x)) + C.

5. Solution:

6. Solution:

7. Solution:
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8. Solution:

Here, f(x) = (1 - x2) sin x cos2 x.

f(x) = (1 – x2) sin (-x) cos2 (-x)

= – (1 – x2) sin x cos2 x

= -f(x)

⇒ f is an odd function.

Hence, I = 0.

Long Answer:
1. Solution:
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2. Solution:
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3. Solution:

4. Solution:

Let ∫ [log (log x) + ( )

] dx

= ∫ log (log x) dx + ∫ ( )
] dx …… (1)

Let I = I1 + I2

Now I1 = ∫ log (log x) dx

=∫ log (log x) 1 dx
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= log (log x).x – ∫ x.dx

⋅

(Integrating by parts)

= xlog(logx) – ∫ dx ……….. (2)

Let I1 = I3 + I4

Putting in (2),

Putting in (1),

I = x log (log x)

Case Study Answers-

1.

(i)

(ii)
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(iii)

(iv) (d) tan x – x + c

(v)

2.

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)