Name:

Class: XI
Subject: Chemistry Question Bank
Date:
Invigilator’s
n. Sign.
Session: 2024-25

Chapter-1 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q1. Define law of multiple proportions with example.
Q2. Calculate the molecular mass of C12H22O11.
Q3. Calculate the no. of atoms present in 11.5 litres of H2 at N.T.P.
Q4. Calculate the no. of moles of 5.68 gm. of iron.
Q5. What is the effect of temp. on molality and molarity?
Q6. Explain with example, limiting reagent.
Q7. Differentiate between molarity and molality.
Q8. 1.82 g. of glucose (molar mass-180) is dissolved in 25g of water. Calculate (a) the
molality (b) mole fraction of glucose and water.
Q9. The molecular mass of an organic compound is 90 and its %age composition is C-
26.6%; O=71.1% and H=2.2%. Determine the molecular formula of the compound.
Q10. Verify law of Reciprocal proportions or law of equivalent proportions, with example.
Q11. Define formula mass and how does it differ from molecular mass?
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (2 Marker)
Q12. A compound contains 4.07% hydrogen, 24.27% carbon and 71.65% of chlorine. Its
molar mass is 98.96g. What are its empirical and molecular formulas?
Q13. How much copper can be obtained from 110gm of CuSO4?
Q14. What is Gay Lussac's law? Explain with two examples.
Q15. What are empirical and molecular formulae? How are they related to each other?
Q16.Why molality is preferred over molarity in expressing the concentration of a solution?
Q17. Explain with the help of an example law of conservation of mass and energy and also
the law of constant proportions.
Q18- Calculate the amount of water(g) produced by the combustion of 16g of methane. [Ans-36g]
Q19-How many moles of methane are required to produce 22g of CO2(g)after combustion?
[Ans-0.5 mol]
Q20- Calculate the concentration of nitric acid in mole per litre in a sample which has a density
1.41gml-1 and the mass percent of nitric acid in it being 69%. [Ans- 15.44M]
Q21- Calculate the mass of sodium acetate required to make 500ml of 0.375 molar aqueous
solution. Molar mass of sodium acetate is 82.0245g mol-1. [Ans-15.38g]

Q22- Conc. HCl is 38% HCl by mass. What is the molarity of this solution if d=1.19g cm-3? What
volume of conc. HCl is required to make 1 L of 0.10M HCl. [Ans-12.39M, 8.07ml]

Q23- Compute the mass of one molecule and the molecular mass of benzene. [Ans- 1.294x10-22]

Q24-1 M solution of NaNO3 has density 1.25g cm-3 Calculate its molarity. [Ans- 0.858m]

Q25-Calculate the amount of carbon dioxide that could be produced when

i. 1 mole of carbon is burnt in air

ii. 1 mole of carbon is burnt in 16g of dioxygen
iii. 2 moles of carbon are burnt in 16g of dioxygen.
[Ans- i)44g ii) 22g iii) 22g]

Q26- Oxygen is prepared by catalytic decomposition of potassium chlorate (KClO3).

Decomposition of potassium chlorate gives potassium chloride and oxygen. If 2.4mol oxygen
is nedded for an experiment, how many grams of potassium chlorate must be decomposed?
[Ans- 196g]

Q27- 50 Kg of N2(g) and 10 Kg of H2(g) are mixed to produced NH3(g). Calculate the NH3(g)
formed. Identify the limiting reagent in the production of NH3 in this solution.[Ans- 55.66Kg]

Q28-If 4 g of NaOH dissolves in 36g of H2O, Calculate the mole fraction of each component in
the solution. Also, determine the molarity of solution (specific gravity of solution is 1 gml-1).

[Ans- 0.047, 0.953, 2.5M]

Q29-A compound contains 4.07% hydrogen, 24.27 % of carbon, 71.65% of chlorine. Its molar is
98.96g. What are its empirical and molecular formulae? [Ans- CH2Cl, C2H4Cl2]
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q31- A vessel contains 1.6g of dioxygen at STP(273.15 K,1atm pressure). The gas is now
transferred to another vessel at constant temperature where pressure becomes half of the
original pressure. Calculate

a) volume of the new vessel.

b) number of molecules of dioxygen. [Ans a) 2.24l b) 3.011x1022molecules]

Q32- Calcium carbonate reacts with aqueous HCl to give CaCl2 and CO2 according to the
reaction given below:

CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) -------------> CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

What mass of CaCl2 will be formed when 250ml of 0.76M HCl reacts with 1000g of CaCO3?
Name the limiting reagent. Calculate the number of moles of CaCl2 formed in the reaction.

[ Ans HCl, 0.095moles]

Q33- A box contains some identical red coloured balls, labeled as A, each weighing 2 grams.
Another box contains identical blue coloured balls, labeled as B, each weighing 5 grams.
Consider the combinations AB, AB2, A2B and A2B3 and show that the law of multiple
proportion is applicable.
MSD/2024-25/XI/CHEMISTRY/WS/PG 4 OF 20

Chapter-2 Structure of Atom

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q1. Derive de Broglie relationship and give its significance.
Q2. What is Zeeman effect and Stark effect?
Q3. Write electronic configurations, of Cr, Cu, Zn?
Q4. Define Aufbau's Principle. Which of the following orbitals are possible.
1 s, 1 p, 2 s, 3 d, 3 f
Q5. Explain Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity by taking an example of phosphorous.
Q6. Why are Bohr's orbits called Stationary States?
Q7. What is the difference between atomic mass and mass number?
Q8. Explain why the uncertainty principle is significant only for the microscopic particles
and not for the macroscopic particles?
Q9. Why half-filled and fully filled orbitals are extra stable?
Q10. Give differences between orbit and orbital.
Q11. What is photoelectric effect? What is the effect of frequency and intensity on photoelectric
effect?
Q12. Why large no. of lines appear in the spectrum of hydrogen although it contains only
one electron?
Q13. Give important postulates of Bohr's model of an atom.
Q14. Discuss Planck's Quantum theory of Radiation.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q15-Calculate the total number of angular nodes and radial nodes present in 3p orbital.The
arrangement of orbitals on the basis of energy is based upon their (n+l ) value. Lower the value
of (n+l ), lower is the energy. For orbitals having same values of (n+l), the orbital with lower
value of n will have lower energy.
I. Based upon the above information, arrange the following orbitals in the increasing order of
energy.
(a) 1s, 2s, 3s, 2p
(b) 4s, 3s, 3p, 4d
(c) 5p, 4d, 5d, 4f, 6s
(d) 5f, 6d, 7s, 7p
II. Based upon the above information, solve the questions given below :
 (a) Which of the following orbitals has the lowest energy? 4d, 4f, 5s, 5p
(b) Which of the following orbitals has the highest energy? 5p, 5d, 5f, 6s, 6p

Q16-An atom having atomic mass number 13 has 7 neutrons. What is the atomic number of the
atom?
Q17-Wavelengths of different radiations are given below :
λ(A) = 300 nm λ(B) = 300 μm λ (C) = 3 nm λ = 0 (D) 30 A°
Arrange these radiations in the increasing order of their energies.

Q18-The electronic configuration of valence shell of Cu is 3d104s1 and not 3d94s2. How is this
configuration explained?

Q19-The Balmer series in the hydrogen spectrum corresponds to the transition from n1 = 2 to n2 =
3,4,………. This series lies in the visible region. Calculate the wave number of line associated
with the transition in Balmer series when the electron moves to n = 4 orbit.
(RH = 109677 cm–1)

Q20-According to de Broglie, matter should exhibit dual behaviour, that is both particle and wave
like properties. However, a cricket ball of mass 100 g does not move like a wave when it is
thrown by a bowler at a speed of 100 km/h. Calculate the wavelength of the ball and explain
why it does not show wave nature.

Q21-Chlorophyll present in green leaves of plants absorbs light at 4.620 × 1014 Hz. Calculate the
wavelength of radiation in nanometer. Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum does it
belong to? [Ans- 649.4 nm, visible light]

Q22-What is the difference between the terms orbit and orbital?

Q23-Table-tennis ball has a mass 10 g and a speed of 90 m/s. If speed can be measured within an
accuracy of 4% what will be the uncertainty in speed and position?[Ans- 3.6 ms-1, 1.46x10-33m]

Q24-The effect of uncertainty principle is significant only for motion of microscopic particles and is
negligible for the macroscopic particles. Justify the statement with the help of a suitable
example.

Q25-Threshold frequency, ν0 is the minimum frequency which a photon must possess to eject an
electron from a metal. It is different for different metals. When a photon of frequency 1.0 ×
1015s-1 was allowed to hit a metal surface, an electron having 1.988 × 1019 J of kinetic energy
was emitted. Calculate the threshold frequency of this metal. Show that an electron will not be
emitted if a photon with a wavelength equal to 600 nm hits the metal surface.

Q26-Calculate the energy and frequency of the radiation emitted when an electron jumps from n = 3
to n = 2 in a hydrogen atom.
Q27- Answer the following questions:

i. What are isoelectronic species? Explain with an example

ii. Write the number of unpaired electrons in phosphorus.

Q28-A golf bass has a mass of 40g and speed can be measured with inaccuracy of 2%, calculate
the uncertainity in the position. [Ans-1.4x10-33m]

Q29-Answer the following questions:

i. Give the number of electrons in the species H2+ and O2-.

ii. How many electrons will present in sub-shell having spin quantum number value of -1/2
for n=4?

Q30- Electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 242nm is just sufficient to ionize the sodium
atom. Calculate the ionisation energy of sodium in kJmol-1. [Ans- 494kJmol-1]

Q31-Calculate the wavelength of an electron moving with a velocity of 2.05x10-7 ms-1.

[Ans- 3.55x10-11]

Q32-If the photon of the wavelength 150pm strikes an atom and one of its inner bound electron is
ejected out with a velocity of 1.5x107ms-1,calculate the energy with which it is bound to the
nucleus. [Ans- 7.64x103 eV]

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q33- Answer the following questions:

i. Write the outer e.c of Cr atom.Why are half filled orbitals are more stable?
ii. State Heisenberg’s uncertainity principle. An electron has a velocity of 50ms-1, accurate
upto 99.99%. Calculate the uncertainty in locating its position. [Ans-1.154x10-2m]

Q34- Answer the following questions:

i. Why +2 oxidation state ofMn(25) quite stable,while the same is not true for iron(26)?
ii. What is meant by dual nature of electrons? Calculate the energy and wavelength of the
photon emitted by hydrogen atom when electron makes a transition from n=2 to n=1. Give
that the ionisation potential is 13.6eV. (1eV=1.6x10-19J). [Ans- 1.632x 10-18J,122nm]

Q35- Threshold frequency ,is the minimum frequency which a photon must possess to eject an
electron from metal. It is different for different metals. When a photon of frequency 1x1015s-1 was
allowed to hit a metal surface, an electron having 1.988x10-19J of kinetic energy was emitted.
Calculate the threshold frequency of this metal. Show that an electron will not be emitted if a
photon with a wavelength equal to 600nm hits the metal surface. [Ans- 7x1014Hz]
 Chapter-3 Modern Classification Of Elements

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1.Give Modern periodic law.

2. What are Dobereiner's triads?

3. Give general electronic configuration of 'd'-block and 'f'-block elements.

4. What are the defects of long form of the periodic table?

5. What is the cause of periodicity?

6. What are successive lonization enthalpies?

7. Why Ionization enthalpy of 'Be' is more than 'B' and of 'N' is more than 'O' explain?

8. Why electron gain enthalpies of Noble gases are positive while those of 'Mg' and 'P'

are almost zero?

9. Why electron gain enthalpy of flourine is less negative than that of chlorine?

10. What are iso electronic species? How are their sizes vary in iso electronic series?

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

11.Why d- and f-block elements are less electropositive than group 1 and 2 elements?

12. What is diagonal relationship? Explain it with the help of 'Be' and 'Al'.

13. What is ionisation enthalpy? On what factors it depends?

16. What is electron gain enthalpy? On what factors it depends. How it varies in a group

and in a period?

17. How will you justify presence of 18 elements in 5th period and presence of 32 elements in
6th period?

Q18-Give a reason for the following:

i. Halogens act as good oxidizing agents.
ii. Electron gain enthalpy of noble gas is almost zero.
iii. Na and Mg+ Have same number of electrons but removal of electron of electron from
Mg+ requires more energy?

Q19-How would you explain the fact that first ionisation enthalpy of sodium is lower than that
of magnesium but its second ionisation enthalpy is higher than that of magnesium?
Q20- How does basic character of oxides and hydroxide down the group in alkali metals
change? Why?

Q21- Answer the following questions:

i. Name the most metallic element in secong period and most non-metallic element.
ii. Name the element with
a) largest atomic radius
b) smallest atomic radius in third period.

Q22- First member of each representative elements show anomalus behavior. Illustrate with
two examples.

Q23-Nitrogen has positive electron gain enthalpy whereas oxygen has negative. However
oxygen has lower ionisation enthalpy than nitrogen.Explain.

Q24-Answer the following questions:

i. Which element in periodic table has highest I.E?

ii. Which element is most metallic- Mg or Al and Why?

Q25-Assign a reasonfor the following:

i. First I.E of boron is slightly less than that of beryllium.

ii. EGE of F is less negative than Chlorine.
iii. The size of an anion is always larger than that of parent atom.

Q26- Answer the following questions:

i. Explain why Be has higher I.E than B.

ii. Predict the formula of compound which might be formed by silicon and bromine

Q27-Among the elements B, Al, C and Si

i. Which has highest first I.E?

ii. Which has the largest atomic radius?
iii. Which has the most –ve E.G.E
iv. Which has the most metallic character?

Q28- Arrange the following ions in the order of increasing size:

Be2+, Cl-, S2-, Na+, Mg2+, Br-

Q29-Arrange the following elements in increasing order of metallic character B,Al,Mg and K.

Q30- Arrange the following elements in increasing order of non-metallic character B,C, Si, N
and F.
 Unit 4 Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Why do atoms combine?

2. What is the significance of Lewis Symbols?

3. Give structure of BrF5

4. Why H2O is liquid and H2S is a gas?

5. Why NH3 is liquid and PH3 is a gas?

6. Boiling point of p-nitrophenol is more than O-nitrophenol why?

7. How is paramagnetic character of a compound is related to the no. of unpaired electrons?

8. Describe a co-ordinate bond with an example. How does it differs from a covalent bond?

9. How is MgF2 and Al2O3 formed?

10. What is an Octet rule? What are its limitations?

11. Which out of NH3 and NF3 has higher dipole moment and why?

SHORT ANSWER

12. Draw molecular orbital diagram for N2+molecule.

13. HCl is a covalent compound but it ionises in the solution?

14. The molecule of CO2 is linear whereas that of SnCl2 is angular why?

15. Give molecular orbital energy level diagram of CO. Write its electronic configuration,

magnetic behaviour and bond order.

16. How is ionic bond formed? On what factors it depends?

17. Calculate the lattice enthalpy of KCl from the following data by Born-Haber's Cycle.

Enthalpy of sublimation of K=89 KJ mol-1

Enthalpy of dissociation of Cl2 = 244 KJ mol-1

Ionization enthalpy of potassium = 425 KJ mol-1

Electron gain enthalpy of chlorine = - 355 KJ mol-1

Enthalpy of formation of KCl = -438 KJ mol-1

Q18- Give two differences between sigma and pi bond.

Q19-Describe the hybridisation in case of PCl5 and SF6.

Q20-Explain the structure of CO32- ion in terms of resonance.

Q21-Explain why bond angle in NH3 is more than in H2O.

Q22-Deduce the shape of SF4 molecule on the basis of VSEPR theory.

Q23-Give a reason for the following:

i. BF3 has a zero dipole moment although the B-F bonds are polar.
ii. All carbon to oxygen bonds in CO32- are equivalent.

Q24- Compare the relative stability of following species and indicate their magnetic properties
O2 , O2+, O2-, O22-.

Q25-Deduce the structure of

i. BrF5
ii. PF5 on the basis of VSEPR theory.

Q26- Which out of NH3 and NF3 has higher dipole moment and why?

Q27-Write the molecular orbital configuration of the following species:

i. C2
ii. N 2+
iii. N22-

Q28- Why o-nitro phenol steam volatile whereas p-nitro phenol is not steam volatile. Why.

Q29-Give a reason for the following:

i. He2 molecule is not formed.

ii. Ethyl alcohol dissoles in water.
iii. HF is polar though it possesses covalent bond.

Q30- Answer the following questions:

i. Sketch the bond moments and resultant dipole moment of the following molecule:
H2O, NH3, NF3, PCl3
ii. Draw shape of the following molecules on the basis of VSEPR theory
XeF4, XeF2

Q31-Give the shapes of i) NH4+ ii) CO32- iii)BeF3- iv) SO42-.

Q32-Explain why BeH2 molecule has a zero dipole moment, although the Be-H bonds are polar.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q33- Answer the following questions:

i. Define E.G.E.
ii. Give the resonance structure of O3.
iii. Explain the term hybridisation by taking the example of PCl5 and SF6.

Q34- Answer the following questions:

i. How is M.O different from atomic orbital? Give electronic configuration of i) H2+ ii) Li2
iii)B2 iv) C2. Calculate their bond order and predict their magnetic behavior.
ii. What is meant by H-bond? Explain giving example.

Q35- Answer the following questions:

i. Arrange the following in decreasing order of their bond angle:

H2O, NH3, H2S
ii. Sketch the bond moment of the following molecules:
H2O, NH3,NF3, and PCl3
 Unit 5 Thermodynamics

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q1. What is meant by extensive and intensive properties?

Q2. Express the change in internal energy of a system when 'W' amount of work is done

by the system and 'q' amount of heat is supplied to the system. What type of system

would it be?

Q3. A system absorbs energy equivalent to 415 J and performs work equivalent to

205.15J. Calculate the change in internal energy of the system.

Q4. Why it is necessary to define the standard state?

Q5. Why does a real crystal has more entropy than an ideal crystal.

Q6. Is decrease in enthalpy the only criterion for spontaneity? Justify with example.

Q7. Is tendency towards maximum randomness the sole criterion for spontaneity? Justify

with example.

Q8. Justify Hess's law of constant heat Summation with suitable example.

Q9. Absolute value of internal energy cannot be determined. Explain?

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q10. (i) Absoute value of internal energy cannot be determined. Explain.

(ii) When ∆G is positive, the process is always non spontaneous. Explain.

11. (i) Explain the meaning of driving force of a chemical reaction. How is ∆G related to ∆H and
∆S in a reaction?

(ii) How does T∆S determine the spontaneity of a process?

Q12- Derive the relation of Cp and Cv for an ideal gas.

Q13- Derive the relationship between isothermal and free expansion of an ideal gas.

Q14- Calculate the heat of reaction of the following reaction CO2+ H2--------> CO + H2O Given
that the ΔfHoCO(g)= -110.5kJmol-1 ΔfHoCO2(g)=-393.85kJmol-1 ΔfHoH2O(g)=-241.0 kJmol-1
respectively.
Q15- Explain with the help of example, the difference between bond dissociation energy and bond
energy.

Q16-Calculate the electron gain enthalpy of fluorine from the data given below:

ΔfHo of KF= -560.8 kJ mol-1, sublimation energy of K= 87.8kJmol-1, Dissociation energy of F2 is

158.9 kJmol-1 and ionisation energy of K is 414.2 kJmol-1.

Q17-A 5 litre cylinder contained 10 moles of oxygen gas at 27oC. Due to sudden leakage through
the hole, all the gas escaped into atmosphere and the cylinder got empty. If the atmospheric
pressure was 1.0 atm calculate the work done by the gas.

Q18-Calculate the standard free energy change ΔGo for the reaction:

2 HgO(s)---------> 2Hg (l)+ O2(g)

ΔHo= 91kJmol-1 at298K

So(HgO)= 72JK-1 mol-1

So (Hg)= 77.4JK-1 mol-1

So= 205JK-1mol-1 at298K

Q19-Calculate the temperature above which the reduction of lead oxide in the following reaction
becomes spontaneous:

PbO (s) + C(s) ----------> Pb (s) +CO(g)

Given : [ΔH= 108.4 kJmol-1, ΔS= 190 JK-1 mol-1]

Q20- Calculate the free energy change when 1 mole of NaCl is dissolved in water at 298 K.
[Given that : Lattice energy of NaCl= -777.8kJmol-1, Hydration energy= -774.1 kJmol-1 and ΔS=
0.043 kJK-1 mol-1 at 298K]

Q21- What is the value of equilibrium constant for the following reaction at 400 K?
2NOCl ====== 2NO(g) + Cl2(g)

ΔHo= 77.5kJmol-1 ΔS=135 jK-1mol-1 R= 8.314 Jmol-1K-1.

Q22-Calculate the entropy change in surroundings when 1.00 mol of H2O(l) is formed under
standard conditions. ΔfHo= -286kJmol-1.

Q23-The enthalpy of vapourisation of CCl4 is 30.5 kJmol-1. Calculate the heat required for the
vapourisation of 284g of CCl4 at constant pressure(Molar mass of CCl4= 154g mol-1).

Q24- If the combustion of 1 g of graphite produces 20.7kJ of heat, what will be the molar enthalpy
Q25-A mixture of dihydrogen and dioxygen at one bar pressure contains 20% by weight of
dihydrogen. Calculate the partial pressure of dihydrogen.

LONG1
ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:
bond
Q26-A gaseous mixtute contains 2.2 bar He, 1.1 bar H2 and 4.2 bar N2. What is mole fraction
of N2?

Q27- Answer the following questions:

i. Calculate the total number of electrons present in 1.4g of nitrogen gas.

ii. Which of the two gases, ammonia and hydrogen chloride, will diffuse faster and by
what factor?

Q28- Answer the following questions:

i. Why air is dense at sea level? Explain.

ii. Calculate the total pressure in a mixture of 4g of O2 and 2g of H2 confined to a total
volume of 1L at 0oC.

Q29-What will be the pressure exerted by a mixture of 3.2g of methane and 4.4g of CO2
contained in a 9dm3 flask at 270C?

Q30- Name the energy which arises due to motion of atoms or molecules in a body. How is
this energy affected when the temperature is increased?
 Unit 6 Equilibrium

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q1. What do you mean by homogenous and heterogenous equilibria?

Q2. Write the expression for the equilibrium constant 'K' for each of the following

reaction.

(i) 2 NOCl(g)--------->2 NO(g) + Cl2(g)

(ii) C(S)+CO2(g)--------> 2CO(g)

Q3. (i) I2(S)+5F2(g)--------> 2IF5 write 'K'

(ii) FeO(S) + CO(g)-------->Fe(S) + CO2(g) write 'K'.

Q4. What is the effect of reducing the volume on the system in equilibrium represent below :

2C(S)+O2(g)------> 2 CO(g)

Q5. (i) What will be the conjugate bases for the following Bronsted acids?

HF, H2SO4, HCO3, H3PO4

(ii) What will be the conjugate acids for the following Bronsted bases?

NH 2-, NH3, HCOO-, ClO4-

Q6.Calculate the hydrolysis constant of the salt containing NO2- ions. Ka for HNO2= 4.5 x 10-10

Q7. Determine the degree of hydrolysis at 0.10 M solution of sodium acetate at 298 K. (Ka

for CH3COOH=1.8 x 10-5 & Kw = 1x10-14). Also calculate hydrolysis constant and pH.

Q8.The dissociation constant of NH4OH at 298 K is 1.8x10-5. Calculate the degree of

dissociation of 0.01 M Sol. of NH4Cl. Kw at 298 K = 10-14

Q9-What is Kc for the following equilibrium when the equilibrium concentration of each
substance is:

[SO2] =0.60M, [O2]= 0.82M and [SO3]= 1.90M?

2 [SO2](g)+ [O2](g) ======= [SO3](g)

Q10-Explain why pure liquids and solids can be ignored while writing the equilibrium constant
expression.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q11- A sample of pure PCl5was introduced into an evacuated vessel at 473K. After equilibrium
was attained, concentration of PCl5was found to be 0.5x10-1molL-1.If the value of Kc is 8.3x10-3,
what are the concentrations of PCl3 and Cl2 at equilibrium?

PCl5(g) =========== PCl3(g) +Cl2(g)

Q12-At 450 K,Kp=2x1010/bar for the given reaction at equilibrium.

2 [SO2](g)+ [O2](g) ======= [SO3](g)

what is Kc at this temperature?

Q13-At 1127 K and 1 atm pressure, a gaseous mixture of CO and CO2 in equilibrium with solid
carbon has 90.55% CO by mass

C(g) + CO2(g) ========== 2CO(g)

Calculate Kc for this reaction at the above temperature.

Q14 – The ionisation constant of HF, HCOOH, and HCN at 298 K are 6.8x 10-4, 1.8x10-4and
4.8x10-9 respectively. Calculate the ionisation constants of the corresponding conjugate bases.

Q15- Explain the following:

i. Common ion effect

ii. Bronsted Lowry concepts of acids and bases

Q16- Explain the following:

i. Why is NH4Cl added before addition of NH4OH in quantitative analysis of 3rd group?
ii. Which will be added to precipitated soap (RCOONa)? NaCl or KCl and why?

Q17- BF3 does not have proton but still acts as an acid and reacts with NH3. Why is it so? What
type of bond is formed between the two?

Q18-pH of a solution of a strong acid is 5.0.What will be the pH of the solution obtained after
diluting the given solution a 100 times?

Q19-Calculate the pH of a solution formed by mixing equal volumes of two solutions A and B of
a strong acid having pH=6 and pH=4 respectively.

Q20-The aq solution of sugar does not conduct electricity. However, when sodium chloride is
added to water, it conducts electricity. How will you explain this statement on the basis of
ionisation and how is it affected by concentration of sodium chloride?

Q21-A basic buffer is made by mixing ammonium hydroxide and ammonium nitrate in water.
Explain how this buffer resists change in its pH on addition of small amount of an acid or a base.
Q22- Describe the effect of:

i. addition of H2
ii. addition of CH3OH
iii. addition of CO
iv. removal of CH3OH
on the equilibrium of the reaction:
2H2(g) + CO (g) ========= CH3OH (g)

Q23-The concentration of hydrogen ion sample of soft drink is 3.8x 10-3M. What is its pH?

Q24-The pH of a sample of vinegar is 3.76. Calculate the concentration of hydrogen ion in it.

Q25-The ionisation constant of acetic acid is 1.74x10-5. Calculate the degree of dissociation of
acetic acid in its 0.05M solution. Calculate the concentration of acetate ion in the solution and its
pH.
Q26-The pH of 0.1M solution of cyanide (HCNO) is 2.34. Calculate the ionisation constant of
the acid and its degree of ionisation in the solution.
Q27-Calculate the pH of 4.0g of NaOH dissolved in water to give 200ml of solution.
Q28- The value of Ksp of two sparingly soluble salts Ni(OH)2 and AgCN are 2x10-15 and 6x10-17
respectively. Which salt is more soluble and why?
Q29-What do you understand by the following:
i. Dissociation constant
ii. Buffer solution
iii. Solubility product

Q30-At a certain temperature and a total pressure of 105Pa, iodine vapour contains 40% by
volume of atoms: I2(g) ======== 2I(g) Calculate Kp for the equilibrium.

Q31-The concentration of hydrogen in two samples of soft drinks A and B are 4x10-7 and 3.2
x10-6 respectively. Which of these two soft drinks has higher pH?

Q32-The ionisation of chloroacetic acid is 1.35x10-3. What will pH of 0.1M acid and its 0.1M
sodium salt solution?

Q33-Ionic product of water at 310 K is 2.7x10-14. What is the pH of neutral water at this
temperature?
Q34-The ionisation constant of benzoic acid is 6.46x 10-5 and Ksp for silver benzoate is 2.5x10-13.
How many times is silver benzoate more soluble in a buffer of pH 3.19 compared to its solubility in
pure water?

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q35- Answer the following questions:

i. Write the conjugate acid of HCOO-.

ii. Calculate the pH of a 1x10-8M solution of HCl.
iii. Calculate the solubility of A2X3 in pure water, assuming that neither kind of ion reacts with
water. [The solubility product of A2X3, Ksp= 1.1x10-23].

Q36- Answer the following questions:

i. Which of the following are Lewis acids?
H2O, BF3, H+, NH4+
ii. The pH of a sample of vinegar is 3.76. Calculate the concentration of hydrogen ion in it.
iii. Explain the application of common ion effect.

Q37- Answer the following questions:

i. Predict the acidic, basic or neutral nature of the following salts:

NaCN, KBr, NaNO2, NH4NO3

ii. What is the minimum volume of water required to dissolve 1g of calcium sulphate at 298K?
(For calcium sulphate Ksp= 9.1x10-6)
iii. The solubility of Sr(OH)2 at 298K is 19.33 g/L of solution. Calculate the concentration of
strontium and hydroxyl ions and the pH of the solution.
 Ch 7 Redox Reactions
Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Q1. Define oxidation and reduction according to electronic concept.

Q2. Define oxidation and reduction according to oxidation number.

Q3. A freshly cut apple is almost white but it turns reddish brown after sometime. Give reason.

Q4. Define oxidation number.

Q5. Write oxidation number of Mn in KMnO4.

Q6. Write oxidation number of Cr in Cr2O7 2–.

Q7. Write Stock notation of MnO2 and AuCl3.

Q8. Define redox reaction with example.

Q9. Define disproportionation reaction. Give one example.

Q10. Define the term redox titration

Q11. An electrochemical cell consists of two electrodes i.e., Anode and Cathode. What is the direction of flow of
electrons in this cell?

Q12. Why anode is negatively charged in an electrochemical cell?

Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marker):

Q13. Identify oxidant and reductant in the reaction :

Q14. Write formula for the following compounds :

Q15. Calculate the oxidation number of underlined elements in following compounds :

Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marker):

Q16. Write the functions of salt bridge in an electrochemical cell.

Q17. Define the term redox couple. Write the practical application of redox couple.

Q18. The standard reduction potentials of two metals A and B are – 0.76 V and + 0.34 V respectively. An
electrochemical cell is formed using electrodes of these metals.

(i) Identify the cathode and anode.

(ii) Write the direction of flow of electron

Q19. Calculate oxidation number of :

Q20. Balance the following equation by oxidation number method:

Long Answer Type Questions (2 Marker):

Q21. (i) MnO42– undergoes disproportionation reaction in acidic medium but MnO4– does not. Give reason.
(ii) Give one example each of the following redox reactions: (a) Combination reaction (b) Decomposition
reaction (c) Metal displacement reaction

Q22. Justify the reason that following reactions are redox reactions.
 Ch 8- Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles
Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Q1. Which unique property of carbon is responsible for the large number of carbon compounds?

Q2. Which has the longest C – C bond length among ethane, ethene and ethyne.

Q3. How many secondary carbon atoms are present in 2-Methylpentane?

Q4. Draw structure of 3-Isopropyl-2-methylhexane.

Q5. Draw bond line structure of CH3(CH2)6CH = CH(CH2)2 – COOH

Q6. What are the bond angles in sp3, sp2 and sp hybrid orbitals?.

Q7. What type of isomerism is exhibited by Propanal and Propanone?

Q8. What type of attacking reagents are produced by heterolytic cleavage of covalent bond?

Q9. What is state oh hybridization of positively charged carbon atom in carbocation?

Q10. What is the effect of introducing an alkyl group on the stability of carbocation?

Q11. Out of Benzyl and ethyl carbocation which is more stable and why?

Q12. Arrange the following in increasing order of acidic strength:

ClCH2COOH, CH3CH2COOH, ClCH2CH2COOH

Short Answer Type Questions (2 marker):

Q13. Draw the structural formulae of the following compounds:

(i) Ethoxypropane
(ii) But-1-en-3-yne
(iii) 3,4,4,-Trimethylhex-1-yne
(iv) sec-butyl alcohol
(v) But-2-enoic acid

Q14. Write bond line formulas for: (i) isopropyl alcohol (ii) heptane-4-one

Q15. What is the effect of introducing an alkyl group on the stability of a free radical?

Q16. Give two examples each of the groups exerting –I and + I effect when attached to a chain of carbon atoms.

Q17. A tertiary butyl carbocation is is more stable than isobutyl carbocation. Justify.

Q18. All electrophiles are Lewis acids while nucleophile are Lewis bases. Explain.

Short Answer Type Questions (3 marker):

Q19.Why stability of carbocations follows the order: tertiary>secondary>primary?

Q20. What are the various conditions essential for resonance?

Q21. Inductive effect is of permanent nature while electromeric effect is only temporary.

Q22. Explain. What is chromatography? Name different types of chromatographic processes.

Long Answer Type Questions (5 marker):

Q23. Arrange the following in the order of property indicated against each set:

Q24. Draw the resonance structures for the following compounds. Show the electron shift using curved arrow
notation.

Q25. Suggest a method to separate the constituents from the following mixture:

(i) Mixture of two miscible liquids

(ii) A mixture of oil and water
(iii) A mixture of plant pigments
(iv) A mixture of solid benzoic acid and sodium chloride
(v) o-Nitrophenol and p-Nitrophenol present in the mixture.
 Ch 9- Hydrocarbons
Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Q1. Write the reaction involved in Kolbe’s electrolytic method to prepare ethane.

Q2. Define term decarboxylation. Why dry ether and not water is used as a solvent in the preparation of alkane by
Wurtz reaction?

Q3. Sodium salt of which carboxylic acid will be needed for the preparation of propane by decarboxylation
method?

Q4. Complete the following reaction: CH3Cl + Na (dry ether)----->

Q5. Amongst the following which one has the maximum boiling point? n-Pentane, iso-pentane, neo-pentane.
Q6. Draw the cis and trans isomers of CHCl = CHCl.

Q7. What happens when 2-Bromobutane is being treated with alc. KOH?

Q8. An alkene A on ozonolysis gives a mixture of ethanol and pentan-3-one. Write IUPAC name of element.
When alkyne is treated with bromine water then what will be the colour of the product?

Q9. Why alkynes do not exhibit geometrical isomerism?

Q10. How will you convert ethyne to benzene?

Q11. Write IUPAC name of C6H5 – CH2 – CH2 – CH = CH2.

Q12. C-C bond length in benzene is intermediate between C – C and C = C. Why?

Q13. Starting from benzene, how would you synthesize m- Bromonitrobenzene.

Q14. Give one example each of o, p-directing group and m-directing group.

Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marker):

Q15. What effect does branching have on the boiling point of an alkane and why?

Q16. An alkene A contains three C–C eight C–H and one C–C (π) bond upon ozonolysis A gives two moles of an
aldehyde of molar mass 44u. Write the IUPAC name of A.

Q17. Write the structures of all the alkenes which upon hydrogenation give 2-methyl butane.

Q18. Wurtz reaction cannot be used for the preparation of unsymmetrical alkanes? Give a reason.

Q19. How can ethene be prepared from (i) Ethanol (ii) Ethyl bromide?

Q20. Melting point of cis-But-2-ene is lower than that of trans-But-2-ene. Give a reason.

Q21. Draw the structures of cis and trans Hex-2-ene.

Q22. Explain with the help of equation: Ozonolysis of propene.

Q23. What do you understand by peroxide effect (Kharasch effect)?

Short Answer type Questions (3 Marker)

Q24. Write the structures and name of products obtained in the reaction of sodium with a mixture of 1-Iodo-2-
methylpropane and 2-Iodopropane.

Q25. State Markownikov’s rule. Using this rule, write the reaction of propene with (i) HCl & (ii) H2O.

Q26. (i) Write the structure of 3, 4-Dimethylhept-3-ene.

(ii) Name the compounds obtained by ozonolysis of 3-Methylpent-2-ene.

Q27. Write the mechanism of nitration of benzene.

Q28. Arrange in the order of decreasing relative reactivity with an electrophile and explain: Toluene, p-
Nitrotoluene, 1, 4-Dinitrobenzene

Q29. What is meant by delocalization of π electrons? How does it affect stability of benzene

Q30. What are the conditions for a compound/species to be aromatic according to Huckel’s rule?

Short Answer type Questions (5 Marker)

Q31. Define isomerism. Write all the structural isomers of hexane(C6H14) and arrange them in
increasing order of boiling points.

Q32. Write short note on (i) Wurtz reaction (ii) Kolbe’s electrolysis (iii) Ozonolysis

Q33.An alkene ‘A’ of molecular mass ‘28u’ on treatment with bromine gives a product ‘B’. The
Compound ‘B’ on further dehalogenation with zinc gives back ‘A’. Give the structures of ‘A’ and
‘B’ and also the sequence of reactions.

Q34.An organic compound ‘A’ with formula C4H9Br on treatment with KOH (alc.) gave two
isomeric compounds ‘B’ and ‘C’ with formula C4H8. Ozonolysis of ‘B’ gave only one product
CH3CHO while ’C’ gave two different products. Identify A, B and C.

Q35.How will you convert Ethyne into (i) 1, 1, 2, 2-Tetrachloroethane (ii) Ethene (iii) Ethanal
(iv) Benzene (v) Sodium ethynide
Each question contains Assertion and Reason. Examine the statements carefully and work the
correct answer according to the instruction given below:
(a) If both the statements are True and Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion
(b) If both the statements are True and Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
(c) If Assertion is true and Reason is False.
(d) If Assertion is false and Reason is True.

1. Assertion: In HF, the oxidation state of 'F' is –1

Reason: 'F' being most electronegative, will have -1 oxidation in its compound.
2. Assertion: Oxygen has zero oxidation state in O2.
Reason: Element in their elemental form have zero oxidation state.
3. Assertion: Oxidation state of Oxygen in H2O2 is –1.
Reason: H2O2 has peroxide linkage.
4. Assertion: For the reaction Zn + Cu2+ —→ Zn2+ + Cu; Ecell is +ve.
Reason: For standard Hydrogen electrode E° = 0
5. Assertion: 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2 is Decomposition reaction (Redox).
Reason: Oxygen has -2 oxidation state in H2O.
6. Assertion: C + O2 → CO2 ; carbon get oxidised.
Reason: Gain of Hydrogen is reduction.
7. Assertion: CaCO3 → CaO + CO2 is not redox reaction.
Reason: C, Ca, O do not change their oxidation number in the reaction.
8. Assertion: Oxidation also occurs when decrease in electron density is observed.
Reason: Oxidation is gain of electro-positive element.
9. Assertion: But-1-ene and 2-Methylprop-1-ene are position isomers.
Reason: Position isomers have same molecular formula but different arrangement of carbon
atoms.
10. Assertion: Alkanes having more than three carbon atoms exhibit chain isomerism.
Reason: All carbon atoms in alkanes are sp-hybridised.
11. Assertion: In CH2 = C = CH2, all the carbon atoms are sp2 hybridised.
Reason: All the hydrogen atoms lie in one plane.
12. Assertion: Butane and 2-Methylbutane are homologues.
Reason: Butane is a straight chain alkane while 2-Methylbutane is branched chain alkane.
13. Assertion: Tertiary carbocations are generally formed more easily than primary carbocations.
Reason: Hyperconjugation as well as inductive effect due to additional
alkyl groups stabilize tertiary carbocations.
14. Assertion: Alkyl carbanions like ammonia have pyramidal shape.
Reason: The carbon atom carrying negative charge has an octet of electrons
15. Assertion: Carbocations are planar in nature.
Reason: Carbocations are sp2 Hybridised.
16. Assertion: IUPAC name of compound CH3CH = CH – CHO is But-2-enal.
Reason: Functional group gets preference over multiple in IUPAC name of a compound.
17.Assertion: The IUPAC name of CH3CH = CH– C ≡ CH is pent-3-en-1-yne and not pent-2-en-4-
yne.
Reason: While deciding the locants of double and triple Bonds, lowest sum rule is always
followed.
18. Assertion: Friedel-craft reaction between benzene and acetic anhydride in the presence of
anhydrous AlCl3 yields acetophenone and not poly substituted products.
Reason: Acetophenone formed poisons the catalyst preventing further reaction.
19. Assertion: But-1-ene on reacting with HBr in the presence of peroxide, products 1-
bromobutane.
Reason: It involves the formation of a primary free radical.
20. Assertion: Cyclopentadienyl anion is aromatic in nature.
Reason: Cyclopentadienyl anion has six π-electrons.
21. Assertion: Benzene reacts with chlorine in the form of light to form BHC.
Reason: BHC is also called gammexane or 666.
22. Assertion: All the hydrogen atoms in CH2=C=CH2 lie in one plane.
Reason: All the carbon atoms in it are sp2 hybridised.
23.Assertion: Propene reacts with HBr in the presence of benzoyl peroxide to yield 2-
bromopropane.
Reason: In the presence of peroxide, the addition of HBr to propene follows ionic mechanism.
24. Assertion: Benzene does not decolourise bromine water.
Reason: Benzene is stabilised by resonance due to delocalisation of π electrons.
25. Assertion: Acidity of C-H bond decreases in the order:
HC ≡ CH > H2C = CH2 > H3C – CH3
Reason: Greater the percentage s-character, more is the acidity of C – H bond.