UNIVERSITY OF ANTIQUE GEE22

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE 1

Sibalom, Antique .

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
After successful completion of this module, the student can be able to:
1. Recognize their capacity to create new understandings from reflecting on the course.
2. Explain how technology change the life of every individual.
3. Explain the role and importance of ICT.
4. Discuss the positive and negative impact of technology in the society.

INTRODUCTION
The future may be unknown, but digital advancement continues to reshape our world in
ways that encourage people to form new habits, find new ways to work together, and become
better human beings. And, in most cases, these changes translate into a range of
opportunities and disruptions across every industry. Humans have always been quick to adapt
technologies for better and faster communication.
Even if the future is uncertain, technological development continues to transform our
society in ways that inspire people to adopt new behaviors, discover innovative collaboration
strategies, and improve as people. Furthermore, these developments frequently result in a
variety of opportunities and upheavals in every industry. Technology has always been quickly
adopted by people in order to improve and speed up communication.

LESSON 1.1 HISTORY OF ICT

ICT, or information and communications technology (or technologies), is the

infrastructure and components that enable modern computing. Although there is no single,
universal definition of ICT, the term is generally accepted to mean all devices, networking
components, applications and systems that combined allow people and organizations (i.e.,
businesses, nonprofit agencies, governments, and criminal enterprises) to interact
in the digital world.

Information, communication, and computer technologies (ICT) are combined. ICT is

changing how we study, work, and live in society. It is frequently discussed in relation to a
specific setting, such as in libraries, health care, or education. Consider all the ways that digital
technology is currently used by people, businesses, and organizations to help them utilize
information while thinking about ICT. ICT is concerned with products that can electronically
store, retrieve, manipulate, transmit, or receive information in a digital form. It is significant
because it is also interested in how these many uses might cooperate. Personal computers,
digital television, email, and robots are a few examples.

ICT COMPONENTS
Hardware elements that support the creation, transport, storage, and management of
information.
Applications for local clients and software as a service (SaaS) that assist workflow
management, personal productivity, and digital creation.
Electronic components, such as systems for delivering subscription services, that facilitate
the flow of digital information.
Services that promote data literacy, customer experience management, digital employee
experience management, data lifecycle management, and IT asset management.

PREPARED BY: RONEILITA H. HIPONIA, ME BS ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 1

 UNIVERSITY OF ANTIQUE GEE22
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE 2
Sibalom, Antique .

FIGURE 1. COMPONENTS OF ICT

RETRIEVE FROM: https://www.google.com/search?q=ict+components&tbm=isch&ved

LESSON 1.2 USES OF ICT IN DAILY LIVES

We all know that ICT take a major role for us by means of communicating, way back in
the past our parents use to make letter and send it via post mail. But now with the help of ICT it
is easier to communicate with our loved ones. We can use cellular phones that design for
communicating with other people even they are miles away far from you.

Nowadays people are in touch with the help of ICT. Through chatting, E-mail, voice
mail and social networking people communicate with each other. It is the cheapest means of
communication. ICT allows students to monitor and manage their own learning, think critically
and creatively, solve simulated real-world problems, work collaboratively, engage in ethical
decision-making, and adopt a global perspective towards issues and ideas. It also provides
students from remote areas access to expert teachers and learning resources and gives
administrators and policy makers the data and expertise they need to work more efficiently.

Job Opportunities

In the employment sector, ICT enables organizations to operate more efficiently, so

employing staff with ICT skills is vital to the smooth running of any business. Being able to
use ICT systems effectively allows employees more time to concentrate on areas of their job
role that require soft skills.

For example, many pharmacies use robot technology to assist with picking prescribed
drugs. This allows highly trained pharmaceutical staff to focus on jobs requiring human
intelligence and interaction, such as dispensing and checking medication.

FIGURE 2. ROBOTIC DRUG DISPENSING: THE PHARMACY GOES DIGITAL

RETRIEVE FROM: https://www.google.com/search?q=ROBOTIC+DRUG+DISPENSING&tbm

Nowadays, employers expect their staff to have basic ICT skills. This expectation even
applies to job roles where ICT skills may not have been an essential requirement in the past.

PREPARED BY: RONEILITA H. HIPONIA, ME BS ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 1

 UNIVERSITY OF ANTIQUE GEE22
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE 3
Sibalom, Antique .

Nowadays, finding a job is different, you can just use your smart phone, laptop,
desktop or any gadgets that is available in the comfort of your home.

Education

Educational institutions employ a varied array of ICT tools for communication, content
creation, distribution, storage, and information management. In certain contexts, ICT has
become an integral part of the teaching-learning dynamic. This integration is evident in
practices such as replacing traditional chalkboards with interactive digital whiteboards,
utilizing students' personal smartphones or devices for in-class learning, and adopting the
"flipped classroom" model, where students view lectures at home on their computers and
engage in more interactive exercises during class time. When educators possess digital
literacy and are trained in ICT usage, these methods can foster higher-order thinking skills,
offer creative and personalized avenues for students to articulate their understandings, and
better equip students to navigate ongoing technological changes in society and the
workforce.

FIGURE 3. TRADITIONAL CLASSROOM CHALKBOARD HAS BEEN REPLACED BY INTERACTIVE DIGITAL BOARD.
RETRIEVE FROM: https://www.google.com/search?q=INTERACTIVE+BOARD&tbm

Socializing

The world has been transformed by social media. The swift and widespread embrace
of these technologies is reshaping how we discover relationships, obtain news information,
and mobilize for political reform. The internet and social media offer a plethora of advantages
and chances for young individuals to enhance their lives in diverse ways. They enable young
people to sustain social ties and support systems that might otherwise be unattainable,
providing access to an unprecedented amount of information. The communities and social
bonds that young people forge online can play a crucial role in boosting and cultivating their
self-assurance and interpersonal abilities.

As information and communication technology (ICT) pervades every aspect of our

lives, becoming faster and more accessible to non-technical communities, social networking
and collaborative services have experienced rapid growth. Platforms such as Facebook,
Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube, Flickr, Second Life, Delicious, blogs, wikis, and more have
empowered people of all ages to communicate and share their interests in diverse ways,
reaching others globally. Among these platforms, Facebook stands out as a primary space for
people to connect and express their opinions.

PREPARED BY: RONEILITA H. HIPONIA, ME BS ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 1

 UNIVERSITY OF ANTIQUE GEE22
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE 4
Sibalom, Antique .

FIGURE 4. SOCIAL MEDIA SERVES NOT ONLY AS A MEANS OF CONNECTING WITH OTHERS BUT ALSO AS A PLATFORM FOR
MARKETING.
RETRIEVE FROM: HTTPS://WPSOCIALNINJA.COM/HOW-TO-CREATE-SOCIAL-MEDIA-MARKETING-STRATEGIES/

The internet can be viewed as a global network of interconnected computer networks.

Its primary purpose is to facilitate the quest for information through activities such as
browsing, electronic mail, participation in newsgroups, file transfer, and accessing and utilizing
other computers.

LESSON 1.3 IMPACT OF ICT IN THE SOCIETY

Positive impacts of Information and Communication Technology

1. Access to information: Increase in access to information and services that has
accompanied the growth of the Internet. Some of the positive aspects of this increased
access are better, and often cheaper, communications, such as phone and Instant
Messaging.

FIGURE 5. ICT’S HAVE MADE THE TRANSFER OF DIGITAL INFORMATION FROM REMOTE SITES POSSIBLE.
RETRIEVE FROM: Https://Www.Google.Com/Search?Q=Ict+Impact+In+Access+Information&Tbm=Isch&Ved=2ahukewikqu7mt

2. Improved access to education, e.g., distance learning and online tutorials. New ways of
learning, e.g., interactive multimedia and virtual reality.

FIGURE 6. ICT PROVED IMMENSELY BENEFICIAL IN EDUCATION DURING THE PANDEMIC, WITH ONLINE CLASSES EMERGING AS THE
PRIMARY MODE OF EDUCATIONAL DELIVERY.
RETRIEVE FROM: https://www.google.com/search?q=ONLINE+CLASS&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjf7IiKuOSBAxWE2jgGHZ09D8IQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq

PREPARED BY: RONEILITA H. HIPONIA, ME BS ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 1

 UNIVERSITY OF ANTIQUE GEE22
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE 5
Sibalom, Antique .

3. New tools, New Opportunities: ICT gives access to new tools that did not
previously exist digital cameras, photo-editing software and high-quality printers,
screen magnification or screen reading software enables partially sighted or blind
people to work with ordinary text rather than Braille.

FIGURE 7. WEARABLE GADGET THAT HELPS BLIND PEOPLE SEE THE WORLD.
RETRIEVE FROM: https://ec.europa.eu/research-and-innovation/en/horizon-magazine.

4. Communication: Cost savings by using e.g., VoIP instead of normal telephone,

email / messaging instead of post, video conferencing instead of traveling to
meetings, e-commerce web sites instead of sales catalogues. Access to larger,
even worldwide, markets.

FIGURE 8. WEBSITES HAVE TAKEN THE PLACE OF TRADITIONAL SALES CATALOGUES FOR MARKETING PRODUCTS.
RETRIEVE FROM: https://www.google.com/search?q=E+COMMERCE+WEBSITES+VS.+SALES+CATALOGUES

5. Information Management: Information management is a vital aspect of data-driven

businesses that allows them to make better decisions and achieve goals.
Data mining of customer information to produce lists for targeted advertising.
Improved stock control, resulting in less wastage, better cash flow, etc.

6. Security: ICT solves or reduces some security problems, e.g., Encryption methods
can keep data safe from unauthorized people, both while it is being stored or while
it is being sent electronically.

FIGURE 9. ENCRYPTION SERVES AS AN ILLUSTRATION OF HOW ICT MANAGES SECURITY.

RETRIEVE FROM: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encryption#/media/File:Public_key_encryption_keys.svg

PREPARED BY: RONEILITA H. HIPONIA, ME BS ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 1

 UNIVERSITY OF ANTIQUE GEE22
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE 6
Sibalom, Antique .

Negative impacts of Information and Communication Technology

1. Job loss: Manual operations being replaced by automation. e.g., robots replacing
people on an assembly line. Job export. e.g., Data processing work being sent to
other countries where operating costs are lower. Multiple workers being replaced
by a smaller number who can do the same amount of work. e.g., A worker on a
supermarket checkout can serve more customers per hour if a bar-code scanner
linked to a computerized till is used to detect goods instead of the worker having
to enter the item and price manually.

FIGURE 10. ROBOTS REPLACE THOUSANDS OF CARS WORKERS BECAUSE ROBOTS CAN DO THEIR JOB MORE EFFICIENT AND FOR 24 HOURS.
RETRIEVE FROM: https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl

2. Reduced Personal Interaction: Most people need some form of social interaction
in their daily lives and if they do not get the chance to meet and talk with other
people, they may feel isolated and unhappy.

FIGURE 11. NOWADAYS, INDIVIDUALS INVEST MORE TIME IN THEIR GADGETS THAN IN SOCIALIZING WITH THE PEOPLE AROUND THEM.
RETRIEVE FROM: https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl

3. Reduced Physical Activity: This can lead to health problems such as obesity, heart
disease, and diabetes.

FIGURE 12. EXCESSIVE EXPOSURE TO TECHNOLOGY CAN RESULT IN SIGNIFICANT HEALTH ISSUES.
RETRIEVE FROM: https://technologyworld11.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/negative-effects-of-technology-1.jpg

PREPARED BY: RONEILITA H. HIPONIA, ME BS ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 1

 UNIVERSITY OF ANTIQUE GEE22
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE 7
Sibalom, Antique .

4. Cost: A lot of ICT hardware and software is expensive, both to purchase and to
maintain. An ICT system usually requires specialist staff to run it and there is also
the challenge of keeping up with ever-changing technology.

5. Competition: this is usually thought of as being a good thing, but for some
organizations being exposed to greater competition can be a problem. If the
organization is competing for customers, donations, or other means of funding
nationally or even internationally, they may lose out to other organizations that can
offer the same service for less money.

E N D

PREPARED BY: RONEILITA H. HIPONIA, ME BS ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 1