Sure Shot Questions

Chapter – 13
Probability
 MCQ (1 mark) 5. If A and B are two events such that
1 1 1
1. If P(A) 
4
and P(A B) 
7
, then P(B | A) is P(A)  , P(B)  , P(A | B)  , then
5 10 2 3 4
equal to P(A' B') equals to
1 1 1 3
(a) (b) (a) (b)
10 8 12 4
7 17 1 3
(c) (d) (c) (d)
8 20 4 16

6. If P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.8 and P(B|A) = 0.6, then

7 17 P(A B) is equal to
2. If P(A B)  and P(B)  , then P(A|B)
10 20 (a) 0.24 (b) 0.3
equals (c) 0.48 (d) 0.96
14 17
(a) (b)
17 20
7 1 7. If A and B are two events and A   , B   , then
(c) (d)
8 8 (a) P(A | B)  P(A).P(B)
P(A B)
(b) P(A | B) 
P(B)
3 2 3
3. If P(A)  , P(B)  and P(A B)  , then (c) P(A | B).P(B | A)  1
10 5 5
P(B | A)  P(A | B) equals (d) P(A | B)  P(A) | P(B)
1 1
(a) (b)
4 3
5 7 8. A and B are events such that P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.3
(c) (d)
12 12 and P(A B)  0.5 . Then P( B ' A) equals
2 1
(a) (b)
3 2
2 3 1 3 1
4. If P(A)  , P( B)  and P(A B)  , then (c) (d)
5 10 5 10 5
P(A' | B').P(B' | A') is equal to
5 5
(a) (b)
6 7 9. You are given that A and B are two events such
25 3 1 4
(c) (d) 1 that P(B)  , P(A | B)  and P(A B)  ,
42 5 2 5
then P(A) equals
3 1
(a) (b)
10 5

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 1 3 (b) The sum of their probabilities must be equal to
(c) (d)
2 5 1
(c) Both (a) and (b) are correct
(d) None of these
10. Refer to question 9 above P(B|A’) equals
1 3
(a) (b)
5 10 3
16. Let A and B be two events such that P(A)  ,
1 3 8
(c) (d)
2 5 5 3
P(B)  and P(A B)  . Then
8 4
P(A | B).P(A' | B') is equal to
3 1 4 2 3
11. If P(B)  , P(A | B)  and P(A B)  , (a) (b)
5 2 5 5 8
then P(A B) ' P(A' B)  3 6
(c) (d)
1 4 20 25
(a) (b)
5 5
1 17. If the events A and B are independent, then
(c) (d) 1
2 P(A B) is equal to
(a) P(A) + P(B) (b) P(A) – P(B)
(c) P(A) . P(B) (d) P(A) | P(B)
7 9 4
12. Let P(A)  , P(B)  and P(A B)  .
13 13 13
Then P(A' | B) is equal to 18. Two events E and F are independent. If P(E) = 0.3,
6 4 P(E F)  0.5 , then P(E | F)  P(F | E) equals
(a) (b)
13 13 2 3
(a) (b)
4 5 7 35
(c) (d)
9 9 1 1
(c) (d)
70 7

13. If A and B are events such that P(A) > 0 and

P(B)  1 , then P(A' | B') equals 19. A bag contains 5 red and 3 blue balls. If 3 balls are
(a) 1  P(A | B) (b) 1  P(A' | B) drawn at random without replacement the
1  P(A B) probability of getting exactly one red ball is
(c) (d) P(A') | P(B') 45 135
P(B') (a) (b)
196 392
15 15
14. If A and B are two independent events with (c) (d)
56 29
3 4
P(A)  and P(B)  , then P(A' B')
5 9 20. Refer to question 19 above. The probability that
equals exactly two of the three balls were red, the first
4 8 ball being red, is
(a) (b)
15 45 1 4
1 2 (a) (b)
(c) (d) 3 7
3 9 15 5
(c) (d)
28 28
15. If two events are independent, then
(a) They must be mutually exclusive

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21. Three persons, A, B and C, fire at a target in turn, 27. Two dice are thrown. If it is known that the sum of
starting with A. Their probability of hitting the numbers on the dice was less than 6, the
target are 0.4, 0.3 and 0.2 respectively. The probability of getting a sum 3, is
probability of two hits is 1 5
(a) (b)
(a) 0.024 (b) 0.188 18 18
(c) 0.336 (d) 0.452 1 2
(c) (d)
5 5
22. Assume that in a family, each child is equally likely
to be a boy or a girl. A family with three children is
chosen at random. The probability that the eldest 28. Which one is not a requirement of a binomial
child is a girl given that the family has at least one distribution?
girl is (a) There are 2 outcomes for each trial
1 1 (b) There is a fixed umber of trials
(a) (b)
2 3 (c) The outcomes must be dependent on each
2 4 other
(c) (d)
3 7 (d) The probability of success must be the same
for all the trials
23. A die is thrown and card is selected at random
from a deck of 52 playing cards. The probability of
getting an even number on the die and a spade 29. Two cards are draw from a well shuffled deck of 52
card is playing cards with respectively. The probability,
1 1 that both cads are queen, is
(a) (b)
2 4 1 1 1 1
1 3
(a)  (b) 
(c) (d) 13 13 13 13
8 4 1 1 1 4
(c)  (d) 
13 17 13 51
24. A box contains 3 orange balls, 3 green balls and 2
blue balls. Three balls are drawn at random from
the box without replacement. The probability of 30. The probability of guessing correctly at least 8 out
drawing 2 green balls and one blue ball is of 10 answers on a true – false type examination is
3 2 7 7
(a) (b) (a) (b)
28 21 64 128
1 167 45 7
(c) (d) (c) (d)
28 168 1024 41

25. A flashlight has 8 batteries out of which 3 are dead. 31. The probability that a person is not a swimmer is
If two batteries are selected without replacement 0.3. The probability that out of 5 persons 4 are
and tested, the probability that both are dead is swimmers is
33 9 5
(a) (b) (a) C4 (0.7)4 (0.3) (b) 5 C1 (0.7)(0.3)4
56 64
(c)
1
(d)
3 (c)
5
C4 (0.7)(0.3)4 (d) (0.7)4 (0.3)
14 28
26. Eight coins are tossed together. The probability of
32. The probability distribution of a discrete random
getting exactly 3 heads is
variable X is given below:
1 7
(a) (b) X 2 3 4 5
256 32
5 3 P(X) 5/k 7/k 9/k 11/k
(c) (d)
32 32
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 The value of k is 38. For two events A and B, If P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.8 and
(a) 8 (b) 16 P(B/A) = 0.6, then P(A B) is [2023]
(c) 32 (d) 48 (a) 0.24 (b) 0.3
(c) 0.48 (d) 0.96
33. For the following probability distribution:
X -4 -3 -2 -1 0 39. If for any two events A and B,
4 7
P(X) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 P(A)  and P(A B)  , then P(B/A) is
5 10
E(X) is equal to [2023]
(a) 0 (b) -1 1 1
(c) -2 (d) -1.8 (a) (b)
10 8
7 17
(c) (d)
8 20
34. For the following probability distribution
X 1 2 3 4 40. In the following questions, a statements are
Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason
P(X) 1/10 1/5 3/10 2/5
(R). Choose the correct answer out of the following
E(X2) is equal to choices:
(a) 3 (b) 5 Assertion (A): Two coins are tossed
(c) 7 (d) 10 simultaneously. The probability of getting two
heads, if it is known that at least one head comes
1
up, is .
35. Suppose a random variable X follows the binomial 3
distribution with parameters n and p, where 0 < p Reason (R): Let E and F be two events with a
< 1. If P(x = r)/P(x = n – r) is independent of n and r, P(E F)
random experiment, then P(F/ E)  .
then p equals P(E)
1 1 [2023]
(a) (b)
2 3 (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
1 1 explanation of (A)
(c) (d)
5 7 (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the
correct explanation of the (A)
36. Five fair coins are tossed simultaneously. The (c) (A) is true, and (R) is False.
probability of the events that atleast one head (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
comes up is [2023]
27 5 41. A card is picked at random from a pack of 52
(a) (b)
32 32 playing cards. Given that the picked card is a
31 1 queen, the probability of this card to be a card of
(c) (d)
32 32 spade is [2020]
1 4
(a) (b)
37. A die is thrown once. Let A be the event that the 3 13
number obtained is greater than 3. Let B be the 1 1
(c) (d)
event that the number obtained is less than 5. 4 2
Then P(A B) is [2020]
2 3 42. If A and B are two independent events with
(a) (b) 1 1
5 5 P(A)  and P(B)  , then P(B’|A) is equal to
(c) 0 (d) 1 3 4

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 [2020] 46. A man P speaks truth with probability p and an
1 1 other man Q speaks truth with probability 2p.
(a) (b) Assertion (A): If P and Q contradict each other with
4 3 1
probability then there are two values of p.
3 2
(c) (d) 1 Reason (R): A quadratic equation with real coefficients
4
has two real roots.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
 Assertion-Reasoning (1 mark) b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
43. Let A and B be two independent events.
d) A is false but R is true.
Assertion (A): If P(A) = 0.3 and P(A ∪ 𝐵̅ )= 0.8, then
2
P(𝐵̅) is 7
Reason (R): P(𝐸̅ ) = 1 - P(𝐸̅ ), where E is any event.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
 Case Study Questions
explanation of A.
Case study – based questions are compulsory.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. Attempt any 4 sub parts from each question. Each sub
c) A is true but R is false. – part carries 1 mark.
d) A is false but R is true. 47. In an office three employees Vinay, Sonia and Iqbal
process incoming copies of a certain form. Vinay I
process 50% of the forms, Sonia processes 20%
44. Assertion (A): Consider the experiment of drawing and Iqbal the remaining 30% of the forms. Vinay
a card from a deck of 52 playing cards, in which the has an error rate of 0.06, Sonia has an error rate of
elementary events are assumed to be equally 0.04 and Iqbal has an error rate of 0.03.
likely. If E and F denote the events the card drawn
is a spade and the card drawn is an ace
1 1
respectively, then P(E|F) = 4 and P(F|E) =3
Reason (R): E and F are two events such that the
probability of occurrence of one of them is not
affected by occurrence of the other. Such events
are called independent events.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. Based on the above information answer the
c) A is true but R is false. following:
d) A is false but R is true. (i) The conditional probability that an error is
committed in processing given that Sonia
processed the form is
45.
(a) 0.0210 (b) 0.04 (c) 0.47 (d) 0.06
(ii) The probability that Sonia processed the form
and committed an error is
(a) 0.005 (b) 0.006 (c) 0.008 (d) 0.68
(iii) The total probability of committing an error
in processing the form is
(a) 0 (b) 0.047
(c) 0.234 (d) 1
(iv) The manager of the company wants to do a
quality check. During inspection he selects a form

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 at random from the days output of processed improve profits of the company are 0.8, 0.5 and 0.3
forms. If the form selected at random has an respectively. If the change does not take place, find
error, the probability that the form is not the probability that it is due to the appointment of
C.
processed by Vinay is
30 53. A and B throw a pair of dice alternately. A wins the
(a) 1 (b)
47 game if he gets a total of 7 and B wins the game if
20 17 he gets a total of 10. If A starts the game, then find
(c) (d) the probability that B wins.
47 47
(v) Let A be the event of committing an error in
processing the form and let E1, E2 and E3 be the 7 9 4
54. If 𝑃(𝐸) = , 𝑃(𝐹) = and 𝑃(𝐸̅ /𝐹̅ ) = , then
events that Vinay, Sonia and Iqbal processed the 13 13 13
3
evaluate :
form. The value of  P(E
i 1
i | A) is (i)
(ii)
𝑃(𝐸̅ /𝐹)
𝑃(𝐸/𝐹)
[2020 – 21]
(a) 0 (b) 0.03
(c) 0.06 (d) 1 55. A DIE IS ROLLED. If E = (1, 3, 5), F = (2, 3) and G = {2,
3, 4, 5}, find (a) P(𝐸 ∪ 𝐹)/𝐺)
(b) P(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹)/𝐺)
 Questions
1 56. If P(F) = 1/5 and P(𝐸) =1/2 , E and F are
48 .The probability that A hits the target is and the independent events. Find P(𝐸𝑈𝐹).
3
2
probability that B hits it, is . If both try to hit the
5 57. A problem in mathematics is given to 4 students A,
target independently, find the probability that the B, C, D. Their chances of solving the problem,
1 1 1 2
target is hit. [Term II, 2021 – 22] respectively are, 3 , 4 , 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3. What is the
probability that (i) the problem will be solved? (ii) at
49. There are two bags. Bag contains 1 red and 3 white most one of them solve the problem?
balls, and Bag II contains 3 red and 5 white balls. A
bag is selected at random and a ball is drawn from 58. A speaks truth in 75% of the cases, while B in 90%
it. Find the probability that the ball so drawn is red of the cases. In what percent of cases are they likely
to contradict each other in stating the same fact?
in colour. [Term II, 2021 – 22]
Do you think that statement of B is always true?

50. A purse contains 3 silver and 6 copper coins and a

second purse contains 4 silver and 3 copper coins. If 59. A bag contains (2𝑛 + 1) coins. It is known that (𝑛 −
a coin is drawn at random from one of the two 1) of these coins have a head on both sides,
purses, find the probability that it is a silver coin. whereas the rest of the coins are fair. A coin is
[2020] picked up at random from the bag and is tossed. If
the probability that the toss results in a head is
31
51. A die, whose faces marked 1, 2, 3 in red and 4, 5, 6
42
, determine the value of n.
in green, is tossed. Let A be the event “number
obtained is even” and B be the event “number 60. A and B throw a pair of dice alternatively, till one of
obtained is red”. Find if A and B are independent them gets a total of 10 and wins the game. Find
events. their respective probabilities of winning, if A starts
first.

52. Three persons A, B and C apply for a job of Manager

61. A bag A contains 4 black and 6 red balls and bag B
in a private Company. Chances of their selection
contains 7 black and 3 red balls. A die is thrown. If 1
(A,B and C) are in the ratio 1:2:4, the probabilities
or 2 appears on it, then bag is chosen, otherwise
that A, B and C can introduce changes to improve to

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 bag. If two balls are drawn at random (without 67. A card from a pack of 52 playing cards is lost. From
replacement) from the selected bag, find the the remaining cards of the pack, three cards are
probability of one of them being red and other drawn at random (without replacement) and are
black. found to be all spades. Find the probability of the lost
card being spade.
62. Of the students in a school, it is known that 30%
have 100% attendance and 70% students are 68. Of the students in a college, it is known that 60%
irregular. Previous year results report that 70% of reside in hostel and 40% are day scholars (not
all students who have 100% attendance attain A residing in hostel). Previous year results report that
grade and 10% irregular students attain A grade in 30% of all students who reside in hostel attain A
their annual examination. At the end of the year, grade and 20% od day scholars attain A grade in their
one student is chosen at random from the school annual examination. At the end of the year, one
and he was found to have an A grade. What is the student is chosen at random from the college and he
probability that the student has 100% attendance? has an ‘A’ grade. What is the probability that the
student is a hosteler.
63. Bag A contains 5 black and 3 red balls while bag B
contains 4 black and 4 red balls. Two balls are 69. Out of a group of 30 honest people, 20 always speak
transferred at random from bag A to bag B and then the truth. Two persons are selected at random from
a ball is drawn from bag B at random. If the ball the group. Find the probability distribution of the
drawn from bag B is found to be red, find the number of selected persons who speak the truth.
probability that two red balls were transferred from Also find the mean of the distribution. What values
A to B. are described in this question?

64. In a factory which manufactures bolts, machines A,

B and C manufacture respectively 30%, 50% and 70. Two numbers are selected at random (without
20% of the bolts. Of their outputs, 3%, 4% and 1% replacement) from the first six positive integers. Let
respectively are defective bolts. A bolt is drawn at X denote the larger of the two numbers obtained.
random from the product and is found to be Find the probability distribution of the random
defective. Find the probability that this is not variable X, and hence find the mean of the
manufactured by machine B. distribution.
Soln. Let X be the random variable.
65. Three machines E1, E2, E3 in a certain factory  X can take values 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
produces 50%, 25% and 25% respectively, of the
Total number of ways = 6 C2  15
total daily output of electric tubes. It is known that
4% of the tube produced on each of machines E1 The probability distribution of a random variable X
and E2 are defective and that 5% of those produced is given by
on E3 are defective. If one tube is picked up at X 2 3 4 5 6
random from a day’s production, calculate the
probability that it is defective. P( 1/1 2/1 3/1 4/1 5/1
X) 5 5 5 5 5

66. Let X denote the number of hours you study during

a randomly selected school day. The probability
 Mean =  XP(X)
that X can take the values 𝑥, has the following form, 1 2 3 4 5
 2  3  4   5  6 
where 𝑘 is some unknown constant. 15 15 15 15 15
0.1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0 2 6 12 20 30 70 14
𝑘𝑥, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 1 𝑜𝑟 2        .
𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) = { 15 15 15 15 15 15 3
𝑘(5 − 𝑥), 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 3 𝑜𝑟 4
X P(X)    XP(X) 
2 2
0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 And variance =
a. Find the value of 𝑘. 2
b. What is the probability that you study (i) At least 70  14  70 196 14
     
two hours? (ii) Exactly two hours? (iii) At most two 3  3 3 9 9
hours?

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71. Assume that each born child is equally likely to be a 72. A bag contains 3 red and 7 black balls. Two balls
boy or a girl. If a family has two children, what is the are selected at random one-by-one without
conditional probability that both are girls? Given replacement. If the second selected ball happens to
that be red, what is the probability that the first selected
(i) the youngest is a girl, ball is also red? [Delhi 2014C]
(ii) atleast one is a girl.
[Delhi 2014]

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