CDU Supplementary Material

Objective: to complete the paragraph in a way that it is coherent and complete

to paraphrase the main sentences in a given context

Paragraph Completion & Restatement

I. Choose the best option to complete each paragraph.

1. The rate of crime in our area has increased dramatically. ____________________________________

The changes in the value of money, inflation, war, etc., have forced some people to revert to crime in
order to live.
a. People were always interested in obtaining an easy way of making a few dollars.
b. It is difficult for the police to deal with all these crimes by themselves.
c. This seems to be a common problem throughout our country and even the world.
d. People are not as kind as they have been in the past to those that are in need of support.

2. It was once said that one of the values of TV films, even old reruns, was that they gave a person a
deeper understanding of life. _________________________________________________________
Today however, as many people do not really have the time to read, good films on TV seem to be the
only alternative.
a. I prefer to spend my free time reading a good book.
b. TV films are many times better than discussing feelings and thoughts with neighbors.
c. Before these times, good books were said to do the same thing.
d. Life is probably one of the most difficult things to understand.

3. Have you ever noticed how beautiful the web of a spider is? _____________________________This
inspiring work of beauty is however, a deadly trap for unsuspecting insects.
a. Some spiders can die easily despite their power.
b. There are many horror stories about people and animals who have been trapped in giant webs.
c. The details of their web are so fine and so well-crafted that even today no artist can reproduce it.
d. People have never really wanted to give any value to this natural masterpiece.

4. A supermarket has a very large floor area. There are usually two doors on the side of the supermarket
facing the street. One of these is used as the entrance and the other as the exit.
___________________________________________________________________________________.
The other three walls are generally decorated in light colors to suggest cleanliness and brightness.
a. The prices in a supermarket can be kept down and this naturally attracts customers.
b. Most supermarkets make use of one floor only.
c. The rest of the side is usually of glass, with goods or advertising material on display.
d. It may help it the shelves are numbered.

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5. Calcium is an important mineral. It is crucial for the carrying of messages along the nerves. It is also
essential for healthy bones and teeth. Yet, few of us get as much as we need.
____________________________________________________________________________________.
a. Because milk and milk products are especially rich in calcium.
b. In fact, most of us get only third of the amount necessary for good health.
c. On the other hand, most parents don’t how much calcium their children need.
d. Despite the fact that taking calcium pills is not always recommended.

6. ________________________________________________________________________________.
This is not true. Of course, you’re always free to create your own program. But most people who use
computers buy standard programs. Some get special programs prepared for them by professionals. Then
all they have to do is to lead the program into the computer memory.
a. The computer has developed fast over the last few decades.
b. Computers now have an important role in scientific research.
c. People often think that if you use a computer, you must program it yourself.
d. It seems that today almost every field of business is computerized.

7. The forest was dangerous because of wild animals. Susie's parents told her never, never to go there
alone. But Susie was curious about the forest, and every time they told her not to go there, it made her
more curious, until one day she decided to walk just a short distance into it. After she'd gone a little way,
she thought of turning back, ______________________________________________________. Soon
she was deep into the forest.
a. but just then she saw something up ahead that made her curious again
b. because she didn't exactly know what she was looking for
c. so she started to walk back home before it grew dark
d. thinking that her parents might get worried about her
8. ______________________________________________________________________________.
Species of animals which have not been able to survive in these changed conditions have become
extinct. Since the year 1600, about 120 species have disappeared from the earth. Other species have
been reduced to the point where they may not be able to survive in the future. These are called
endangered species.
a. Although man has been trying to provide some animal species with food, he can't prevent them from
becoming extinct
b. Nature is sometimes much too cruel for some animals to survive
c. Industrial development and population growth have caused changes in the balance of nature
d. Some species of animals are far too dangerous for both nature and man

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9. ________________________________________________________________________________.
Lions and tigers have sharp claws, swiftness and strength; monkeys can climb into trees away from their
enemies. Birds can fly, turtles withdraw into their shells. But one of the most fascinating means of
protection is deception, the ability many creatures have to camouflage themselves so that they will be
missed by their enemies.
a. Nature has provided every living creature with some way to protect itself.
b. People can learn many things from certain animal species.
c. It's only natural that one should defend himself when he is in danger.
d. There are many species of animals on earth, some are wild and some are domestic.

10. The floppy disk has revolutionised publishing. Before its invention, typed or hand-written documents
had to be edited and then completely retyped, whereas now corrections can simply be typed into a
computer. __________________________________________________________________________
and authors sometimes even lost their only copy while taking it to the publisher. Now entire
manuscripts can be copied from one disk to another in an instant.
a. As it was time consuming to make copies of the manuscripts, usually there was only one
b. At one time, however, some authors refused to use even the typewriter
c. A careless user, however, can erase everything from a hard disk
d. Hard disks are now so large that entire libraries can be stored on them

11. _________________________________________________________________________________.
It may be simply a few palm trees around a spring, or a larger area where cultivation of crops is possible.
The existence of oases makes it possible for nomads to cross the desert in search of pasture for their
animals.
a. Desert people are among the most hospitable people in the world
b. Where there is a palm tree in a desert, there is usually water available.
c. Not many people know that there are many farms in the Sahara Desert
d. An oasis is an area in a desert where there is water and vegetation

II. Read the sentences and choose the option which gives the closest meaning to the first sentence.

1. He’s out of work, so they find it hard to balance income and expenditure.
a. Since he’s jobless, they think it’s really difficult to live with little income.
b. They find it difficult to balance income and spending because he’s out of work.
c. Being out of work, he is not able to balance income and expenditure.
d. Having lost his job; he barely spends money for his living.

2. I forgot his birthday last week and don’t know how to make it up to him.
a. I don't know how to apologize for forgetting his birthday last week.
b. I’m now having second thoughts about apologising to him for not remembering his birthday last
week.
c. I regret having forgotten his birthday last week and now I don’t know how to apologize.

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d. I missed his birthday last week, and now I’m unsure how to make things right with him.
3. Everyone in our class is doing something at the end-of-term concert, but Mary alone is
staying away.
a. At the concert at the end of term, Mary is going to represent our class.
b. No one in our class but Mary is taking part in the end-of-term concert.
c. Mary is the only one in our class who isn’t taking part in the end-of-term concert.
d. The class wants Mary to play in the concert at the end of term, but she won’t.

4. People have been gathering information about oceans for millennia, passing it on by word
of mouth.
a. Hundreds of thousands of years, people have been looking for information about oceans with no
visible luck.
b. Knowledge about oceans has been gathered for thousands of years and transmitted to
other generations in spoken language.
c. People searched for information about oceans thousands of years ago, and passed it on by
word of mouth.
d. People used to gather information about oceans and pass it on by word of mouth.

5. I'd suggest that we avoid telling any scary stories with Janet around, since she's a bit
unstable these days and could get hysterical.
a. Janet is somewhat mentally unbalanced nowadays and might easily become uncontrollably emotional
so let's not tell frightening stories in her presence.
b. Janet has trouble keeping her emotions under control, especially when she is told frightening stories.
c. Since Janet is somewhat unbalanced, the only way to make her laugh is by telling stories but
we should avoid scary ones as they might cause her to panic
d. Janet’s story is so frightening that it shows how unstable she is, but I don't think we should get
hysterical.

6. There were no poor performances; but the Russian dancers were certainly the best.
a. The standard of dancing was high particularly among the Russians.
b. The Russian dancers were well worth watching but the others weren’t.
c. They all danced well, but the Russian dancers were far better than the others.
d. The Russians danced well, but some of the others were even better.

7. The gap in wealth are less visible in Americans’ everyday lives today than they were a
century ago.
a. A hundred years ago, it was not easy to see the differences between the wealthy and the poor
in America.
b. Everyday life in America is very different today from what it was a century ago, because
people are much wealthier now.
c. The differences in the way that wealthy American people lived their lives a hundred years ago were
more obvious.
d. In American daily life today, you can’t see such big differences in the distribution of wealth as
you could see a hundred years ago

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8. Much to our surprise, everyone arrived at the meeting place on time, so this was a good start
for the trip.
a. Surprisingly enough, the trip turned out to be a great success even though there were many
late-comers.
b. The trip began well as we were surprised to find that everyone had come to the meeting place
at the appointed time.
c. Everyone made a really big effort to get to the meeting place on time, so the trip had a good
start.
d. The trip started well, with everyone at the meeting place on time, but then came some
unpleasant surprises.