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Windmill Generator modeling

The document discusses the windmill generator as a renewable energy system that converts wind energy into electrical power through mechanical processes. It outlines the advantages and disadvantages of wind turbines, their design, operational principles, and applications, emphasizing their role in sustainable energy and climate change mitigation. The paper also includes calculations related to turbine performance and concludes with the importance of wind power generators despite challenges such as reliance on wind speed and construction costs.

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10 views11 pages

Windmill Generator modeling

The document discusses the windmill generator as a renewable energy system that converts wind energy into electrical power through mechanical processes. It outlines the advantages and disadvantages of wind turbines, their design, operational principles, and applications, emphasizing their role in sustainable energy and climate change mitigation. The paper also includes calculations related to turbine performance and concludes with the importance of wind power generators despite challenges such as reliance on wind speed and construction costs.

Uploaded by

ub6189900
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Mosul / College of Engineering

Mechatronics Department

Project about: Windmill Generator

Under supervision : Dr. Saad Ahmad Saaleh

Subjected By: Sama Sabah Ahmed

Mohammed Bashar Idris


Abstract
The windmill generator is a renewable energy system that converts wind energy into electrical
power through mechanical processes. It consists of blades that capture kinetic energy from
wind and transfer it to a rotor, which spins a generator to produce electricity. Windmill
generators are highly sustainable and eco-friendly, emitting no greenhouse gases during
operation. They are widely used in various applications, including power generation for
residential, industrial, and agricultural purposes. Advances in technology have enhanced their
efficiency, reliability, and scalability, making wind energy a critical component of global efforts
to combat climate change and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. This paper explores the
design, operation, and potential applications of windmill generators, highlighting their
importance in the transition to renewable energy sources.

table of contents
introduction
Advantages of Wind Turbines
Disadvantages of Wind Turbines
Design
Wind Turbine Calculations
Factors Affecting Wind Turbine Performance
Wintle principle of wind turbines
Block Diagram
Conclusion
Conclusion
introduction
A wind turbine is a device that converts the kinetic energy of wind into
mechanical energy, which is then transformed into electrical energy. It primarily
consists of blades that rotate due to the wind, connected to a shaft that drives an
electric generator.

Advantages of Wind Turbines


Renewable and Clean Energy: Wind turbines produce no greenhouse gases or
other pollutants, making them environmentally friendly.

Abundant Resource: Wind is a readily available resource in many regions,


ensuring the sustainability of this energy source.

Cost-Effective: The cost of producing wind energy has decreased significantly in


recent years, making it competitive with traditional energy sources.

Job Creation: The wind turbine industry creates numerous jobs in manufacturing,
maintenance, and operation.

Disadvantages of Wind Turbines


Wind Dependency: Wind energy production is influenced by fluctuations in wind
speed and direction, requiring energy storage systems.

Visual Impact: The presence of wind turbines in rural areas can negatively affect
the landscape.

Noise Pollution: Wind turbines generate noise that may disturb local residents.

Impact on Wildlife: Birds and other animals may collide with turbine blades,
affecting biodiversity.
Design
PVC pipe type

6 semicircles, each half circle is 10 cm long and 8 cm wide


To be a fan turbine for a vertical turbine

Turbine mounting brackets 50cm long , 3 pieces

The post holding the previous pieces together is 54 cm long.


General Specifications of DC Generator 6V:
1. Voltage:
• Nominal voltage: 6 volts DC.

• Output voltage may vary based on rotation speed (usually between 3 to 8 volts).

2. Current:
• Output current: ranges from 200 to 1000 milliamps, depending on design.

• Some types can provide higher current in high-quality generators.

3. Power:
• Output power: about 1 to 5 watts, depending on load and rotation speed.
4. Rotational speed:
• Speed required to generate nominal voltage: 1000 to 3000 revolutions per minute (RPM).

• Speed can be increased to improve voltage and current, but within safe limits.

5. Efficiency:
• Efficiency is usually 50% to 70%, which is relatively lower due to the small size and materials
used.

6. Size and Weight:


• Small in size and light in weight, with a diameter ranging from 20 to 50 mm, and a length ranging from
30 to 70 mm.

• Weight is usually less than 200 grams.

7. Construction Type:
• It contains a permanent magnet (Permanent Magnet DC Generator) for easy operation and
reduced cost.

• No need for excitation coils, making it simpler in design.

8. Torque:
• The torque required to operate the generator: Low, making it suitable for operation by small
motors or hand cranking

Applications:
1. Charging small batteries (such as lithium or nickel cadmium batteries).

2. Operating simple electronic devices such as lamps or fans.

3. Educational experiments and tests.

4. Small power generation systems in portable devices or home systems


Wind Turbine Calculations
1- Calculating the available energy in the wind:

P= ½ * ρ *A* v³

P= Power (watt)

ρ = 1.225 kg/m³ (approximate value at sea level)

A= Turbine surface area( m²)

V= Wind speed )m/s(


2- Calculate the surface area

A =1/2 *pi *D *H Turbine diameter (D) = 0.1 m

A= 0.5 * 3.14 *0.1 *0.1

A = 0.0157

3- Calculate the available energy


P= ½ * ρ *A* v³

P= ½ * 1.225 *0.0157 *(3.3)³

P= 0.3456 watt

4- Calculating the extracted energy assuming a turbine efficiency of 30%.

P (extracted) = 0.3 * 0.3456

P (extracted) = 0.10368 watt

5- Torque calculation

T=F*L

T: Turbine torque per unit blade

F : Wind force 3.3

L : Arm length 25cm 0.25m

T = 3.3 * 0.25

T = 0.825 For one blade

T (total) = 0.825 * n n : Number of blades

T (total) = 0.825 * 6 = 4.95


Factors Affecting Wind Turbine Performance
Turbine Height: Higher turbines experience faster wind speeds and generate
more power.

Blade Design: The shape and size of the blades affect the efficiency of extracting
energy from the wind.

Blade Pitch Angle: The blade pitch angle is adjusted to optimize performance at
different wind speeds.

Control Systems: Advanced control systems are used to regulate turbine


performance and improve efficiency
flowcharts
Modeling

Conclusion
Wind power generators are one of the most prominent technologies used to
generate clean and sustainable electrical energy. These generators rely on
converting kinetic wind energy into electrical energy using blades rotated by the
wind, and the resulting mechanical energy is transferred to an electrical generator
to convert it into usable electrical energy. This technology has many benefits,
including reducing dependence on fossil fuels, reducing carbon emissions, and
providing a renewable energy source in the long term. Wind generators are used
in various applications, such as large power plants or small systems to provide
electricity in remote areas. Despite the great benefits, wind power generators
face some challenges such as reliance on wind speed, high construction costs, and
their visual and noise impact in some areas. However, they are one of the most
.important future solutions to address climate change and achieve sustainability

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