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One Stop-Post To Building Production Grade Systems: Bhavishya Pandit

This guide outlines a comprehensive CI/CD pipeline for deploying Large Language Model (LLM) applications, emphasizing the importance of version control, automated testing, continuous integration, model training, continuous deployment, and monitoring. Each phase includes best practices and examples to ensure efficient management and deployment of LLM applications. The document highlights the need for rigorous testing and rollback mechanisms to maintain model performance and reliability.

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Omar Letaif
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10 views12 pages

One Stop-Post To Building Production Grade Systems: Bhavishya Pandit

This guide outlines a comprehensive CI/CD pipeline for deploying Large Language Model (LLM) applications, emphasizing the importance of version control, automated testing, continuous integration, model training, continuous deployment, and monitoring. Each phase includes best practices and examples to ensure efficient management and deployment of LLM applications. The document highlights the need for rigorous testing and rollback mechanisms to maintain model performance and reliability.

Uploaded by

Omar Letaif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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One stop-post to building production grade systems

Bhavishya Pandit
INTRODUCTION
Deploying Large Language Model (LLM) applications efficiently requires a robust
Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) pipeline. Unlike
traditional software, LLM applications involve complex dependencies, large model
weights, and performance-sensitive inference, making CI/CD crucial for reliability
and scalability.

In this guide, we break down the CI/CD process for LLM applications into six key
phases:

1. Version Control and Code Management


2. Automated Testing
3. Continuous Integration (CI)
4. Model Training and Fine-Tuning
5. Continuous Deployment (CD)
6. Monitoring and Rollback Mechanisms

Bhavishya Pandit
VERSION CONTROL & CODE
MANAGEMENT
A well-structured version control system ensures that your LLM models, datasets,
training scripts, and API logic are properly managed and reproducible across
different environments.

Use GitHub/GitLab/Bitbucket to manage repositories.


Maintain separate branches:
main → Stable production-ready code
dev → Experimental features and testing
staging → Pre-production validation
Store large model files using DVC (Data Version Control) or cloud storage
(AWS S3, Google Cloud Storage).
Use pre-commit hooks to enforce coding standards before committing
changes.

📌 Example: Instead of pushing large .pth or .h5 model files to Git, store them in an
object storage service and use version-controlled metadata.

Bhavishya Pandit
AUTOMATED TESTING
LLM applications require rigorous testing because even minor changes in data
processing or prompt handling can lead to unexpected outputs.

Some types of Testing


Unit Testing: Ensures individual functions work as expected (e.g., tokenizer
outputs correct token IDs).
Integration Testing: Validates that different modules (e.g., API, database,
model) work together.
Regression Testing: Ensures updates don’t degrade model performance.
Inference Testing: Compares model responses against a predefined benchmark
dataset.

📌Example: A test case might check if a summarization model maintains coherence


when reducing long documents into a summary.

Bhavishya Pandit
CONTINUOUS INTEGRATION
CI automates the process of building, testing, and validating changes before merging
them into the main codebase.

CI Pipeline Workflow

1. Trigger CI on Git push (via GitHub Actions, GitLab CI, or Jenkins).


2. Set up a clean environment using Docker or virtual environments.
3. Install dependencies efficiently, leveraging caching mechanisms.
4. Run automated tests (unit, integration, inference).
5. Package model & code into a container for deployment.

Bhavishya Pandit
CONTINUOUS INTEGRATION
Tools for CI

Automate testing and Ensures consistency across


packaging environments.

Cache Mechanisms → Speeds up dependency installation using prebuilt images.

📌 Example: A GitHub Action pipeline automatically runs tests and builds a new
Docker image whenever a developer pushes changes to the repository.

Bhavishya Pandit
MODEL TRAINING &
FINE-TUNING
LLM applications often require periodic fine-tuning to stay relevant and improve
performance on specific tasks. Automating this process prevents manual errors,
inconsistencies, and model degradation.

Training Pipeline Workflow


1. Data Preprocessing: Clean and format new training data.
2. Model Training/Fine-Tuning: Use distributed computing frameworks (e.g.,
PyTorch Lightning, TensorFlow XLA) for efficiency.
3. Validation & Benchmarking: Compare model accuracy against predefined
evaluation metrics (e.g., BLEU score for translation models).
4. Model Versioning: Save new weights and metadata to a registry.

HIGH LEVEL LLM PIPELINE source: mirascope

Bhavishya Pandit
MODEL TRAINING &
FINE-TUNING
5. Push to Model Hub: Deploy to Hugging Face Model Hub, MLflow, or an internal
model registry.

Scaling Training Jobs

Use Kubernetes + Kubeflow for distributed training.


Leverage cloud-based GPUs/TPUs (AWS SageMaker, GCP AI Platform).
Automate hyperparameter tuning using Optuna or Ray Tune.

📌 Example: A chatbot LLM gets fine-tuned monthly with fresh customer queries,
improving responses over time.

Bhavishya Pandit
CONTINUOUS DEPLOYMENT
CD ensures that new versions of the LLM model reach production safely without
downtime or performance degradation.

Deployment Strategies

1. Blue-Green Deployment: Run the new and old model versions in parallel,
switching traffic gradually.
2. Canary Deployment: Release updates to a small subset of users first before full
rollout.
3. Rolling Updates: Deploy changes in small batches instead of replacing
everything at once.

BLUE-GREEN DEPLOYMENT

source: dzone

Bhavishya Pandit
CONTINUOUS DEPLOYMENT
Deployment Workflow

1. Package Model as an API (e.g., FastAPI, Flask, gRPC).

2. Deploy using Docker & Kubernetes.

3. Expose endpoint via API Gateway (AWS API Gateway, Cloudflare Workers).

4. Autoscale model inference using TensorRT, ONNX Runtime, or vLLM for

efficient serving.

📌 Example: A sentiment analysis API updates with a new LLM model version, first
tested on 10% of traffic before full deployment.

Bhavishya Pandit
MONITORING & ROLLBACK
MECHANISMS
Post-deployment, it’s crucial to track latency, response accuracy, and model drift. A
poorly performing model should automatically rollback to the last stable version.

Monitoring Metrics
Latency: Response time per request.
Token Usage: Measures computational cost.
Drift Detection: Compares live data with training data to detect concept drift.
Error Rate: Logs misclassifications or incoherent outputs.

Monitoring Tools
Prometheus + Grafana → Real-time metric visualization.
ELK Stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana) → Log aggregation & alerting.
OpenTelemetry → Traces model API performance across microservices.

📌 Example: If an LLM chatbot suddenly starts giving nonsensical answers, the


pipeline rolls back to the last well-performing model version.

Bhavishya Pandit
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