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 TABLE OF ATOMIC MASSES BASED ON CARBON-12
Atomic Atomic Atomic Atomic
Name Symbol Number Mass Name Symbol Number Mass
Actinium Ac 89 227.028 Manganese Mn 25 54.9380
Aluminum Al 13 26.9815 Meitnerium Mt 109 (268)
Americium Am 95 (243) Mendelevium Md 101 (258)
Antimony Sb 51 121.760 Mercury Hg 80 200.59
Argon Ar 18 39.948 Molybdenum Mo 42 95.94
Arsenic As 33 74.9216 Neodymium Nd 60 144.24
Astatine At 85 (210) Neon Ne 10 20.1797
Barium Ba 56 137.327 Neptunium Np 93 237.048
Berkelium Bk 97 (247) Nickel Ni 28 58.6934
Beryllium Be 4 9.01218 Niobium Nb 41 92.9064
Bismuth Bi 83 208.980 Nitrogen N 7 14.0067
Bohrium Bh 107 (267) Nobelium No 102 (259)
Boron B 5 10.811 Osmium Os 76 190.23
Bromine Br 35 79.904 Oxygen O 8 15.9994
Cadmium Cd 48 112.411 Palladium Pd 46 106.42
Calcium Ca 20 40.078 Phosphorus P 15 30.9738
Californium Cf 98 (251) Platinum Pt 78 195.078
Carbon C 6 12.0107 Plutonium Pu 94 (244)
Cerium Ce 58 140.116 Polonium Po 84 (209)
Cesium Cs 55 132.905 Potassium K 19 39.0983
Chlorine Cl 17 35.4527 Praseodymium Pr 59 140.908
Chromium Cr 24 51.9961 Promethium Pm 61 (145)
Cobalt Co 27 58.9332 Protactinium Pa 91 231.036
Copernicium Cn 112 (285) Radium Ra 88 226.025
Copper Cu 29 63.546 Radon Rn 86 (222)
Curium Cm 96 (247) Rhenium Re 75 186.207
Darmstadtium Ds 110 (281) Rhodium Rh 45 102.906
Dubnium Db 105 (262) Roentgenium Rg 111 (272)
Dysprosium Dy 66 162.50 Rubidium Rb 37 85.4678
Einsteinium Es 99 (252) Ruthenium Ru 44 101.07
Erbium Er 68 167.26 Rutherfordium Rf 104 (261)
Europium Eu 63 151.964 Samarium Sm 62 150.36
Fermium Fm 100 (257) Scandium Sc 21 44.9559
Flerovium Fl 114 (289) Seaborgium Sg 106 (266)
Fluorine F 9 18.9984 Selenium Se 34 78.96
Francium Fr 87 (223) Silicon Si 14 28.0855
Gadolinium Gd 64 157.25 Silver Ag 47 107.868
Gallium Ga 31 69.723 Sodium Na 11 22.9898
Germanium Ge 32 72.61 Strontium Sr 38 87.62
Gold Au 79 196.967 Sulfur S 16 32.066
Hafnium Hf 72 178.49 Tantalum Ta 73 180.948
Hassium Hs 108 (269) Technetium Tc 43 (98)
Helium He 2 4.00260 Tellurium Te 52 127.60
Holmium Ho 67 164.930 Terbium Tb 65 158.925
Hydrogen H 1 1.00794 Thallium Tl 81 204.383
Indium In 49 114.818 Thorium Th 90 232.038
Iodine I 53 126.904 Thulium Tm 69 168.934
Iridium Ir 77 192.217 Tin Sn 50 118.710
Iron Fe 26 55.845 Titanium Ti 22 47.867
Krypton Kr 36 83.80 Tungsten W 74 183.84
Lanthanum La 57 138.906 Uranium U 92 238.029
Lawrencium Lr 103 (262) Vanadium V 23 50.9415
Lead Pb 82 207.2 Xenon Xe 54 131.29
Lithium Li 3 6.941 Ytterbium Yb 70 173.04
Livermorium Lv 116 (293) Yttrium Y 39 88.9059
Lutetium Lu 71 174.967 Zinc Zn 30 65.39
Magnesium Mg 12 24.3050 Zirconium Zr 40 91.224
Atomic masses in this table are relative to carbon-12 and limited to six significant figures, although some atomic masses are known more precisely.
For certain radioactive elements the numbers listed (in parentheses) are the mass numbers of the most stable isotopes.
Twelve Principles of

GRE E N CHE M I S T RY

1. Prevention: It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been created.

2. Atom Economy: Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all materials used
in the process into the final product.

3. Less Hazardous Chemical Syntheses: Whenever practicable, synthetic methods should be designed to
use and generate substances that possess little or no toxicity to human health and the environment.

4. Design Safer Chemicals: Chemical products should be designed to effect their desired function while
minimizing toxicity.

5. Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries: The use of auxiliary substances (e.g., solvents, separation agents, etc.)
should be made unnecessary wherever possible and innocuous when used.

6. Design for Energy Efficiency: Energy requirements of chemical processes should be recognized for their
environmental and economic impacts and should be minimized. If possible, synthetic methods should be
conducted at ambient temperature and pressure.

7. Use of Renewable Feedstocks: A raw material or feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting
whenever technically and economically practicable.

8. Reduce Derivatives: Unnecessary derivatization (use of blocking groups, protection/deprotection,

temporary modification of physical/chemical processes) should be minimized or avoided if possible, because
such steps require additional reagents and can generate waste.

9. Catalysis: Catalytic reagents (as selective as possible) are superior to stoichiometric reagents.

10. Design for Degradation: Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function they
break down into innocuous degradation products and do not persist in the environment.

11. Real-Time Analysis for Pollution Prevention: Analytical methodologies need to be further developed to
allow for real-time, in-process monitoring and control prior to the formation of hazardous substances.

12. Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention: Substances and the form of a substance used in
a chemical process should be chosen to minimize the potential for chemical accidents, including releases,
explosions, and fires.

“Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry” from Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice by Paul Anastas and
John Warner (1998), p. 30, Figure 4.1. By permission of Oxford University Press.
This page intentionally left blank
CHEMISTRY
FOR CHANGING TIMES
This page intentionally left blank
CHEMISTRY
FOR CHANGING TIMES

FOURTEEN TH EDI TION

John W. Hill
University of Wisconsin–River Falls

Terry W. McCreary
Murray State University

With contributions by:

Robert and Elzbieta Cook, Louisiana State University
Ricardo Delgado, Lindenwood University
Marilyn Duerst, University of Wisconsin-River Falls
Steven R. Gwaltney, Mississippi State University
Andrew Jorgensen, The University of Toledo
Jeremy Mason, Texas Tech University
Rill Ann Reuter, Winona State University
BRI EF CO NTENTS

Contents 6
Preface 13
To the Student 17
About the Authors 18
Highlights of the Fourteenth Edition 20

1 Chemistry 27
2 Atoms 67
3 Atomic Structure 91
4 Chemical Bonds 121
5 Chemical Accounting 162
6 Gases, Liquids, Solids . . . and Intermolecular Forces 190
7 Acids and Bases 215
8 Oxidation and Reduction 242
9 Organic Chemistry 275
10 Polymers 313

11 Nuclear Chemistry 342

12 Chemistry of Earth 378

13 Air 399

14 Water 436

15 Energy 463

16 Biochemistry 504

17 Food 542

18 Drugs 577

19 Fitness and Health 629

20 Chemistry Down on the Farm . . . and in the Garden

and on the Lawn 656
21 Household Chemicals 684

22 Poisons 720

Appendix: Review of Measurement and Mathematics 747

Glossary 761
Answers 769
Credits 789
Index 793

 5
CO NTENTS

Preface 13 GREEN CHEMISTRY It’s Elemental

To the Student 17 Summary 85 Review Questions 86
About the Authors 18 Problems 86 Additional Problems 88
Critical Thinking Exercises 89

1 Chemistry
Collaborative Group Projects 89
27 Reaction in a Bag: Demonstrating
the Law of Conservation of Matter 90
1.1 Science and Technology: The Roots of

3 Atomic Structure
Knowledge 28
1.2 Science: Reproducible, Testable, Tentative, 91
Predictive, and Explanatory 30
1.3 Science and Technology: Risks and Benefits 33 3.1 Electricity and the Atom 92
1.4 Solving Society’s Problems: Scientific 3.2 Serendipity in Science:
Research 36 X-Rays and Radioactivity 95
1.5 Chemistry: A Study of Matter and Its 3.3 Three Types of Radioactivity 96
Changes 38 3.4 Rutherford’s Experiment: The Nuclear Model of
1.6 Classification of Matter 42 the Atom 98
1.7 The Measurement of Matter 45 3.5 The Atomic Nucleus 99
1.8 Density 51 3.6 Electron Arrangement: The Bohr Model 102
1.9 Energy: Heat and Temperature 53 3.7 Electron Arrangement: The Quantum
1.10 Critical Thinking 56 Model 107
3.8 Electron Configurations and the Periodic
GREEN CHEMISTRY Green Chemistry: Reimagining
Table 110
Chemistry for a Sustainable World
GREEN CHEMISTRY Clean Energy from Solar Fuels
Summary 59 Review Questions 60
Problems 61 Additional Problems 63 Summary 115 Review Questions 116
Critical Thinking Exercises 65 Problems 117 Additional Problems 118
Collaborative Group Projects 65 Critical Thinking Exercises 119
Collaborative Group Projects 119
Rainbow Density Column 66
Birthday Candle Flame Test 120

2 Atoms 67
4 Chemical Bonds 121
4.1 The Art of Deduction: Stable Electron
Configurations 122
4.2 Lewis (Electron-Dot) Symbols 123
4.3 The Reaction of Sodium and Chlorine 125
4.4 Using Lewis Symbols for Ionic
Compounds 127
4.5 Formulas and Names of Binary Ionic
Compounds 130
4.6 Covalent Bonds: Shared Electron Pairs 133
4.7 Unequal Sharing: Polar Covalent Bonds 135
2.1 Atoms: Ideas from the Ancient Greeks 68 4.8 Polyatomic Molecules: Water, Ammonia, and
2.2 Scientific Laws: Conservation of Mass and Methane 139
Definite Proportions 69 4.9 Polyatomic Ions 140
2.3 John Dalton and the Atomic Theory of Matter 73 4.10 Rules for Writing Lewis Formulas 142
2.4 The Mole and Molar Mass 75 4.11 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Theory 147
2.5 Mendeleev and the Periodic Table 80 4.12 Shapes and Properties: Polar and Nonpolar
2.6 Atoms and Molecules: Real and Relevant 82 Molecules 151
6 
 Contents  7

GREEN CHEMISTRY Green Chemistry and Chemical 6.3 Forces between Molecules 194
Bonds 6.4 Forces in Solutions 197
6.5 Gases: The Kinetic–Molecular Theory 199
Summary 155 Review Questions 157
6.6 The Simple Gas Laws 200
Problems 157 Additional Problems 159
6.7 The Ideal Gas Law 206
Critical Thinking Exercises 160
Collaborative Group Projects 160 GREEN CHEMISTRY Supercritical Fluids
Molecular Shapes: Please Don’t Summary 209 Review Questions 210
Eat the Atoms! 161 Problems 210 Additional Problems 212
Critical Thinking Exercises 213

5 Chemical Collaborative Group Projects 213

Blow Up My Balloon 214

Accounting 162
7 Acids and Bases 215
7.1 Acids and Bases: Experimental Definitions 216
7.2 Acids, Bases, and Salts 218
7.3 Acidic and Basic Anhydrides 222
7.4 Strong and Weak Acids and Bases 224
7.5 Neutralization 226
7.6 The pH Scale 227
7.7 Buffers and Conjugate Acid–Base Pairs 231
7.8 Acids and Bases in Industry and in Daily
Life 232
GREEN CHEMISTRY Acids and Bases–Greener
Alternatives
Summary 236 Review Questions 237
5.1 Chemical Sentences: Equations 163 Problems 238 Additional Problems 239
5.2 Volume Relationships in Chemical Critical Thinking Exercises 240
Equations 167 Collaborative Group Projects 240
5.3 Avogadro’s Number and the Mole 169 Acids and Bases and pH, Oh
5.4 Molar Mass: Mole-to-Mass and Mass-to-Mole My! 241
Conversions 172
5.5 Solutions 178
GREEN CHEMISTRY Atom Economy

Summary 184 Review Questions 185

8 Oxidation and
Problems 185 Additional Problems 187
Critical Thinking Exercises 188
Reduction 242
Collaborative Group Projects 188 8.1 Oxidation and Reduction: Four Views 243
8.2 Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 250
Cookie Equations 189
8.3 Electrochemistry: Cells and Batteries 251
8.4 Corrosion and Explosion 257

6 Gases, Liquids, 8.5

8.6
Oxygen: An Abundant and Essential Oxidizing
Agent 260
Some Common Reducing Agents 263
Solids … and 8.7 Oxidation, Reduction, and Living Things 265

Intermolecular GREEN CHEMISTRY Green Redox Catalysis

Summary 268 Review Questions 269
Forces 190 Problems 269 Additional Problems 271
Critical Thinking Exercises 273
6.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases 191
Collaborative Group Projects 273
6.2 Comparing Ionic and Molecular
Substances 193 Light My Fruit 274
8  Content

9 Organic Chemistry 275 11 Nuclear Chemistry 342

11.1 Natural Radioactivity 343
11.2 Nuclear Equations 346
11.3 Half-Life and Radioisotopic Dating 350
11.4 Artificial Transmutation 354
11.5 Uses of Radioisotopes 355
11.6 Penetrating Power of Radiation 358
11.7 Energy from the Nucleus 360
11.8 Nuclear Bombs 364
11.9 Uses and Consequences of Nuclear Energy 368
GREEN CHEMISTRY Can Nuclear Power Be Green?
Summary 371 Review Questions 372
9.1 Aliphatic Hydrocarbons 277 Problems 373 Additional Problems 375
Critical Thinking Exercises 376
9.2 Aromatic Compounds: Benzene and Its
Collaborative Group Projects 376
Relatives 286
9.3 Halogenated Hydrocarbons: Many Uses, Some The Brief Half-Life of Candy 377
Hazards 287
9.4 The Functional Group 289
9.5
9.6
Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers 291
Aldehydes and Ketones 296
12 Chemistry of
9.7
9.8
Carboxylic Acids and Esters 298
Nitrogen-Containing Compounds: Amines and
Earth 378
Amides 301 12.1 Spaceship Earth: Structure and
Composition 379
GREEN CHEMISTRY The Art of Organic Synthesis:
Green Chemists Find a Better Way 12.2 Silicates and the Shapes of Things 381
12.3 Metals and Ores 386
Summary 306 Review Questions 307 12.4 Earth’s Dwindling Resources 390
Problems 307 Additional Problems 310
Critical Thinking Exercises 311 GREEN CHEMISTRY Critical Supply of Key Elements
Collaborative Group Projects 311 Summary 394 Review Questions 395
Saturate This! 312 Problems 395 Additional Problems 396
Critical Thinking Exercises 397

10 Polymers 313
Collaborative Group Projects 397
Fizzy Flintstones, Crumbling
10.1 Polymerization: Making Big Ones Out of Little Calcium Carbonate 398
Ones 314
10.2 Polyethylene: From the Battle of Britain to Bread

10.3
Bags 315
Addition Polymerization: One + One + One + ...
13 Air 399
Gives One! 319 13.1 Earth’s Atmosphere: Divisions and
10.4 Rubber and Other Elastomers 323 Composition 400
10.5 Condensation Polymers 325 13.2 Chemistry of the Atmosphere 401
10.6 Properties of Polymers 330 13.3 Pollution through the Ages 404
10.7 Plastics and the Environment 331 13.4 Automobile Emissions 408
GREEN CHEMISTRY Life-Cycle Impact Assessment of 13.5 Photochemical Smog: Making Haze While the
New Products Sun Shines 411
13.6 Acid Rain: Air Pollution S Water
Summary 336 Review Questions 337 Pollution 414
Problems 337 Additional Problems 338 13.7 The Inside Story: Indoor Air Pollution 416
Critical Thinking Exercises 340 13.8 Stratospheric Ozone: Earth’s Vital Shield 418
Collaborative Group Projects 340
13.9 Carbon Dioxide and Climate Change 420
Polymer Bouncing Ball 341 13.10 Who Pollutes? Who Pays? 426
 Contents  9

GREEN CHEMISTRY It’s Not Easy Being Green GREEN CHEMISTRY Where Will We Get the Energy?

Summary 430 Review Questions 431 Summary 498 Review Questions 499
Problems 431 Additional Problems 433 Problems 499 Additional Problems 501
Critical Thinking Exercises 434 Critical Thinking Exercises 502
Collaborative Group Projects 434 Collaborative Group Projects 502
Let the Sun Shine 435 Some Like It Hot and Some Like It
Cool! 503

14 Water 436
16 Biochemistry 504
16.1 Energy and the Living Cell 505
16.2 Carbohydrates: A Storehouse of Energy 507
16.3 Fats and Other Lipids 510
16.4 Proteins: Polymers of Amino Acids 513
16.5 Structure and Function of Proteins 517
16.6 Nucleic Acids: Parts, Structure, and
Function 523
16.7 RNA: Protein Synthesis and the Genetic
Code 528
16.8 The Human Genome 530
GREEN CHEMISTRY Green Chemistry and
14.1 Water: Some Unique Properties 437 Biochemistry
14.2 Water in Nature 440
Summary 535 Review Questions 536
14.3 Chemical and Biological Contamination 444
Problems 536 Additional Problems 538
14.4 Groundwater Contamination S Tainted Tap
Critical Thinking Exercises 539
Water 446
Collaborative Group Projects 540
14.5 Water: Who Uses It and How Much? 448
14.6 Making Water Fit to Drink 449 DNA Dessert 541
14.7 Wastewater Treatment 454
GREEN CHEMISTRY Fate of Chemicals in the
Water Environment
Summary 458 Review Questions 459
17 Food 542
17.1 Carbohydrates in the Diet 543
Problems 459 Additional Problems 460
17.2 Fats and Cholesterol 546
Critical Thinking Exercises 461
17.3 Proteins: Muscle and Much More 551
Collaborative Group Projects 461
17.4 Minerals, Vitamins, and Other Essentials 552
Disappearing Dilution 462 17.5 Starvation, Fasting, and Malnutrition 558
17.6 Flavorings: Spicy and Sweet 559

15 Energy 463
17.7

17.8
Other Food Additives: Beneficial or
Dangerous? 562
Problems with Our Food 567
15.1 Our Sun, a Giant Nuclear Power Plant 464
15.2 Energy and Chemical Reactions 466 GREEN CHEMISTRY The Future of Food Waste – A
15.3 Reaction Rates 469 Green Chemistry Perspective
15.4 The Laws of Thermodynamics 470 Summary 570 Review Questions 572
15.5 Power: People, Horses, and Fossils 472 Problems 572 Additional Problems 573
15.6 Coal: The Carbon Rock of Ages 474 Critical Thinking Exercises 575
15.7 Natural Gas and Petroleum 477 Collaborative Group Projects 575
15.8 Convenient Energy 483 How Sweet It Is to Be Fermented
15.9 Nuclear Energy 485 by You! 576
15.10 Renewable Energy Sources 489
10  Content

18 Drugs 577
GREEN CHEMISTRY Safer Pesticides through
Biomimicry and Green Chemistry

Summary 679 Review Questions 680

Problems 680 Additional Problems 681
Critical Thinking Exercises 682
Collaborative Group Projects 682
Wash Away the Weeds 683

21 Household
Chemicals 684
18.1 Scientific Drug Design 578 21.1 Cleaning with Soap 685
18.2 Pain Relievers: From Aspirin to Oxycodone 580 21.2 Synthetic Detergents 690
18.3 Drugs and Infectious Diseases 585 21.3 Laundry Auxiliaries: Softeners and
18.4 Chemicals against Cancer 592 Bleaches 695
18.5 Hormones: The Regulators 595 21.4 All-Purpose and Special-Purpose Cleaning
18.6 Drugs for the Heart 602 Products 696
18.7 Drugs and the Mind 604 21.5 Solvents, Paints, and Waxes 699
18.8 Drugs and Society 618 21.6 Cosmetics: Personal-Care Chemicals 701
GREEN CHEMISTRY Green Pharmaceutical Production GREEN CHEMISTRY Practicing Green Chemistry at
Home
Summary 621 Review Questions 623
Problems 623 Additional Problems 625 Summary 714 Review Questions 715
Critical Thinking Exercises 626 Problems 715 Additional Problems 717
Collaborative Group Projects 627 Critical Thinking Exercises 718
Collaborative Group Projects 718
Heal My Heartburn 628
Happy Hands 719

19 Fitness and Health 629 22 Poisons 720

19.1 Calories: Quantity and Quality 630
19.2 Vitamins, Minerals, Fluids, and Electrolytes 632 22.1 Natural Poisons 721
19.3 Weight Loss: Diets and Exercise 637 22.2 Poisons and How They Act 722
19.4 Measuring Fitness 640 22.3 More Chemistry of the Nervous System 728
19.5 Some Muscular Chemistry 642 22.4 The Lethal Dose 730
19.6 Drugs, Athletic Performance, and the Brain 646 22.5 The Liver as a Detox Facility 732
22.6 Carcinogens and Teratogens 734
GREEN CHEMISTRY Your Fitness Benefits the Planet
22.7 Hazardous Wastes 738
Summary 650 Review Questions 651
GREEN CHEMISTRY Designing Safer Chemicals with
Problems 652 Additional Problems 653
Green Chemistry
Critical Thinking Exercises 653
Collaborative Group Projects 654 Summary 742 Review Questions 743
Pumping Iron for Breakfast 655 Problems 743 Additional Problems 744
Critical Thinking Exercises 745

20 Chemistry Down on
Collaborative Group Projects 745
Salty Seeds 746

the Farm 656 Appendix: Review of Measurement and

Mathematics 747
20.1 Farming with Chemicals: Fertilizers 658
Glossary 761
20.2 The War against Pests 663
20.3 Herbicides and Defoliants 671 Brief Answers to Selected Problems 769
20.4 Sustainable Agriculture 674 Credits 789
20.5 Looking to the Future: Feeding a Growing, Index 793
Hungry World 676
 GRE E N CHEMISTRY
The fourteenth edition of Chemistry for Changing Times is pleased to present the green chemistry essays listed
below. The topics have been carefully chosen to introduce students to the concepts of green chemistry—
a new approach to designing chemicals and chemical transformations that are beneficial for human health
and the environment. The green chemistry essays in this edition highlight cutting-edge research by chemists,
molecular scientists, and engineers to explore the fundamental science and practical applications of chemistry
that is “benign by design.” These examples emphasize the responsibility of chemists for the consequences of
the new materials they create and the importance of building a sustainable chemical enterprise.

Chapter 1 Green Chemistry: Reimagining Chemistry Chapter 12 Critical Supply of Key Elements
for a Sustainable World David Constable
Jennifer MacKellar and David Constable
Chapter 13 It’s Not Easy Being Green
ACS Green Chemistry Institute®
Philip Jessop and Jeremy Durelle
Chapter 2 It’s Elemental Queen’s University
Lallie C. McKenzie
Chem11 LLC Chapter 14 Fate of Chemicals in the Water Environment
Alex S. Mayer
Chapter 3 Clean Energy from Solar Fuels Michigan Technological University
Scott Cummings
Kenyon College Chapter 15 Where Will We Get the Energy?
Chapter 4 Green Chemistry and Chemical Bonds Michael Heben
University of Toledo
John C. Warner
Warner Babcock Institute for Green Chemistry Chapter 16 Green Chemistry and Biochemistry
Amy S. Cannon David A. Vosburg
Beyond Benign Harvey Mudd College
Chapter 5 Atom Economy Chapter 17 The Future of Food Waste–A Green
Margaret Kerr Chemistry Perspective
Worcester State University Katie Privett
Chapter 6 Supercritical Fluids Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, York,
Doug Raynie United Kingdom
South Dakota State University Chapter 18 Green Pharmaceutical Production
Chapter 7 Acids and Bases–Greener Alternatives Joseph M. Fortunak
Irvin J Levy
Chapter 19 Your Fitness Benefits the Planet
Gordon College, Wenham, MA
Doris Lewis
Chapter 8 Green Redox Catalysis Suffolk University
Roger A. Sheldon
Delft University of Technology, Netherlands Chapter 20 Safer Pesticides through Biomimicry and
Green Chemistry
Chapter 9 The Art of Organic Synthesis: Green
Amy S. Cannon
Chemists Find a Better Way Beyond Benign
Thomas E. Goodwin
Hendrix College Chapter 21 Practicing Green Chemistry at Home
Chapter 10 Life-Cycle Impact Assessment of New Marty Mulvihill
University of California–Berkeley
Products
Eric J. Beckman Chapter 22 Designing Safer Chemicals with Green
University of Pittsburgh Chemistry
Chapter 11 Can Nuclear Power Be Green? Richard Williams
Galen Suppes and Sudarshan Loyalka
University of Missouri
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Bockley Station. As she went on little groups of returning revellers
passed her by. Most of them had just come in by train from the City
after an evening at the theatre. Some of them stared at her curiously
as she hurried by. So did the policeman at the corner of the Station
Road.
Outside the booking-office she met, of all people in the world,
Helen Trant.... Since the episode between herself and George,
Catherine had not seen much of Helen.
Catherine nodded casually, as if it were the most natural thing in
the world for her to be catching the 11.37 p.m. to the City.
“Where’re you off to?” said Helen.
“City,” replied Catherine, curtly.
“Whatever for at this time of night?”
“Oh ... business ... that’s all. ... Excuse me, I shall miss my
train....”
“No, you won’t. You’ve eleven minutes to wait. Come here.”
There was a queer undefinable something in Helen’s voice that
commanded and usually obtained implicit obedience. Catherine
came.
“Well? ... What do you want?”
Helen put her arm in Catherine’s.
“It’s not my business,” she said, “but I should like you to tell me
what’s been happening to you.”
“Happening? What do you mean?”
“You know what I mean ... Cathie!”
“Yes?”
“Something’s happened. I can see it in your eyes. Tell me.”
Catherine clicked her heels nonchalantly.
“Well, if you’re so keen, I don’t suppose there’s much harm in
letting you know. I’ve run away from home.... That’s all....”
 “Run away?”
“Yes, run away. Oh, for God’s sake, don’t look so surprised. I
suppose it isn’t respectable to run away, is it?”
“Don’t be silly.... What were you going to the City for?”
“To get a shake-down in a railway waiting-room.”
“I see.... Well, you needn’t do that. You can come home with me
for to-night.”
“Really, Helen, I can’t. It’s awfully good of you, but——”
“You must.”
“But your mother——”
“Mother and father are away for the week-end.”
“Really, I’d much rather not.”
“That doesn’t matter. You’ve got to. You can easily sleep with me.
We’ll talk the whole question over to-night before going to sleep. You
can’t do a big thing like this all on your own.”
“That’s just what I can. I’m going to, anyway....”
“Well, you’re coming home with me to-night, anyway....”
“If you insist——”
“I do.”
A man came striding up the stairs three at a time from the
platform. It was George Trant.
“Sorry I’m late,” he said. “The luggage-office was shut, and I had
to waken somebody up....” Then he saw Catherine. “... Er ... I say ... I
didn’t see you, Miss Weston! Or shall I call you Catherine, as I used?
And how are you? I haven’t heard of you for ages.”
He held out his hand, but Catherine made no movement.
“I’m quite well,” she said quietly. “I’m sorry I can’t stop here
talking; I’ve a train to catch. Good-night!”
 “Cathie!” cried Helen, but Catherine was too far down the steps to
be recalled. Helen followed her on to the platform and overtook her
near to the further end.
“You’re coming back, Cathie. Don’t be silly.... You must ...”
Catherine held herself passionately erect. The signal lights
winked from red to green.
“It’s no good your trying to persuade me, Helen.... I’m not coming.
I wouldn’t enter the same house with that man.... No, no, no, no, I’m
not coming.”
The train came in to the platform.
“Cathie!”
“No, no! ... I’m not coming, I tell you....” She opened the door of a
third-class compartment and entered.
“You’ll wish you hadn’t done this, Cathie.”
“Never.”
The train slid away into the night and Helen was left standing on
the platform. She had a swift impulse to jump into the tail-end of the
now quickly-moving train and go with Cathie to the next station. But
the train was moving too rapidly for her to attempt this manœuvre in
safety. And behind her stood George a little bewildered (he had
followed her slowly down the steps).
“What’s all the fuss about?” he queried suspiciously.
“Nothing,” replied Helen. Then, as they walked together along the
platform, “You’ll have to tell the man we gave up our tickets before.”
As they hurried along the Bockley High Street the clock on the
Carnegie library chimed the three-quarters....
At Liverpool Street, Catherine discovered that the waiting-room
did not keep open throughout the night for the benefit of girls who
have run away from home. There was a man at the door inspecting
tickets. Catherine was struck by a brilliant notion. There is an all-
night hourly service of trains from Liverpool Street to Bockley, the
same train proceeding backwards and forwards. She went to the
booking-office and purchased a return ticket to Bockley (sixpence).
She had a good sixpennyworth, for the next five hours she spent in
the corner seat of a third-class compartment. About two a.m. she fell
asleep, and when she awoke the train was jerking to a standstill at
Upton Rising. The clock said twenty minutes past six. Evidently the
train had undergone a change while she had slept. All those dark
hours it had paraded the inner suburbs, but now it had become a
thing of greater consequence: it was the first early morning train to
Chingford. At the tiny Forest town Catherine left it, paying excess
fare on the journey from Bockley. Dawn came as she was tramping
the muddy paths of Epping Forest. She had no idea where she was
going. The main thing was to get the time over. About eight o’clock
she returned to Chingford, purchased some notepaper and
envelopes, and went into the post-office. On the desk provided for
composing telegrams she wrote a letter accepting the situation of
pianist at the Royal Cinema, Upton Rising. That done, and the letter
stamped and posted, she felt calmer than she had been for some
time. Then came hunger. She had a glass of milk (threepence) at a
dairy and two of yesterday’s buns (a penny each) from a
confectioner’s. Out of five and sevenpence half-penny and two
penny stamps she had now left four shillings and a half-penny and
one penny stamp, plus a third-class return half from Bockley to
Liverpool Street.
She persisted in being joyous. This was to be an adventure, and
she was to enter into the spirit of it. She took her buns to the top of
Yardley Hill in order that she might imagine herself picnicking. She
lay down on the damp grass eating, and told herself she was
enjoying herself immensely. She admired the loveliness of the view
with all the consciousness of a well-trained tourist. She refused to be
melancholy. She discovered hundreds of excuses for feeling happy
which would never have occurred to her if she had been feeling
happy. As she was descending the hill after her meal it commenced
to rain. She tried to see beauty in the rain. The grey sky and the
sodden leaves, the squelch of her heels in the mud, the bare trees
swathed in slanting rain, these, she decided, were infinitely
preferable to Kitchener Road.... Nevertheless she would have to find
lodgings.
She decided to seek them in Upton Rising.
 CHAPTER V
DISILLUSIONMENTS
§1
GIFFORD ROAD, Upton Rising, seemed to be composed of various
architectural remnants which had been left over from other streets.
No. 14 was a dour, gloomy-looking edifice built of a stone-work that
showed up in lurid prominence the particular form of eczema from
which it suffered. The front garden was large, with evidences of
decayed respectability, including a broken-down five-barred gate and
the remains of a lawn. The wooden erection at the side of the house
may once have been a coach-shed.... A flight of stone steps, much
chipped and scarred, led up to a massive front door, but the usual
entrance was clearly the small door underneath the steps, which
generally stood ajar.... In the basement window appeared the
“apartments” card and the ubiquitously respectable aspidistra plant.
Cats of all sizes and colours haunted the long, lank grass of the front
garden, and at the back there was a noisy, unkempt chicken-run.
Inside the tiny basement sitting-room Catherine tried to feel at
home. The dried grasses and bric-à-brac on the mantelpiece did
remind her somewhat of the front room at Kitchener Road, but the
old faded photographs of the landlady’s relatives, most of them
mercifully obscure, made her feel strange and foreign. A stuffed
canary under a glass shroud surmounted the sideboard, and
Catherine decided mentally that after she had been here awhile she
would remove it to a less conspicuous position. A dull piety brooded
over the room: there were floridly decorated texts on the walls, “I am
the Bread of Life” over the doorway, and “Trust in the Lord” by the
fireplace. The small bookshelf contained bound volumes of The
Quiver and various missionary society reports, as well as several
antiquated volumes, of which Jessica’s First Prayer was one,
presented to the landlady, as the flyleaf showed, by a certain Sunday
school in South London. A couple of pictures above the mantelpiece
represented the Resurrection and the Ascension, and in these there
was a prolific display of white-winged angels and stone slabs and
halos like dinner-plates. On a November afternoon the effect of all
this was distinctly chilly.
And under the cushions of the sofa there were many, many
copies of Sunday newspapers, both ancient and modern.
Mrs. Carbass was a woman of cheerful respectability. She
accepted Catherine as a lodger without any payment in advance. At
first she was doubtful, but the production of the letter offering
Catherine the situation at the Upton Rising Royal Cinema overruled
her misgivings. She was apparently an occasional patron of this
place of amusement.
“Sometimes I goes,” she remarked. “Of a Sat’d’y night, gener’ly....
In the ninepennies,” she added, as if excusing herself.
Catherine lived very quietly and economically during her first few
weeks at Gifford Road. She had to. Her earnings did not allow her
much margin after she had paid Mrs. Carbass. Out of this margin
she had to buy all kinds of things she had not counted on—chiefly
changes of clothing, and ranging down to small but by no means
negligible articles such as wool for darning and a toothbrush. She
decided to have no communication whatever with her father, though
at first she had considered whether she would not write to him to ask
him to send her all the property that was her own. Finally she
decided against this, thinking that she would not care to let him
imagine she was in need of anything. Sometimes the fear came to
her that he would find her out: he could easily discover her address
by enquiring at the Cinema. At times the fear became a definite
expectation, and on rare occasions the expectation developed into
what was perilously near to a hope. Often in the streets she met
people who knew her, and to these she never mentioned either her
father or her attitude towards him. Most people in Kitchener Road
knew or guessed what had happened: it did not cause much of a
sensation, for worse things were common enough in Kitchener
Road.... Kitchener Road was quite blasé of domestic estrangements.
Whenever Catherine was asked how she was getting on she replied,
“Oh, quite nicely, thanks,” and would not pursue the subject.
At the Cinema she found work easy but not particularly
interesting. She was annoyed to find herself agreeing with her father
that the Upton Rising Royal Cinema was “third-rate.” It was a tawdry
building with an exterior of white stucco (now peeling off in great
scabs), and an interior into which the light of day never penetrated. A
huge commissionaire with tremendously large feet, attired in the sort
of uniform Rupert of Hentzau wears on the stage, paced up and
down in front of the entrance, calling unmelodiously: “Nah showin’
gran’ star progrem two, four, six, nine an’ a shillin’ this way children a
penny the side daw ...” all in a single breath. For this trying
performance he was paid the sum of sixteen shillings a week. Inside
the building a couple of heavily powdered, heavily rouged, heavily
scented girls fluttered about with electric torches. There was no
orchestra, save on Saturday nights, when a violinist appeared in a
shabby dress suit and played the Barcarolle from “Tales of Hoffman,”
and similar selections. The rest of the time Catherine was free to
play what she pleased, with but a general reservation that the music
should be appropriate to the pictures shown.
On Saturday mornings there was a children’s matinée, and that
was nothing but pandemonium let loose. Screams, hooting, cheers,
whistlings, yells and cries of all kinds.... On Saturday evenings the
audience was select, save in the front seats near the piano. In the
pale glare of the film all faces were white and tense. The flutter of the
cinematograph went on, hour after hour. The piano tinkled feebly
through the haze of cigarette smoke. Here and there the beam of an
electric torch pierced the gloom like a searchlight. The sudden
lighting of a match was like a pause of semi-consciousness in the
middle of a dream....
And at eleven, when bedroom lights were blinking in all the
residential roads of Upton Rising, Catherine passed out into the cool
night air. Her fingers were tired; sometimes her head was aching.
 To pass along the Ridgeway now did not always mean thinking of
things that had happened there....

§2
For three months she played the piano at the Upton Rising Royal
Cinema; then she applied for and was appointed to a similar position
at the Victoria Theatre, Bockley. The salary was better and the hours
were not so arduous.... And yet she was becoming strangely restless
and dissatisfied. All through her life she had had a craving for
incident, for excitements, for things to happen to her. The feeling that
she was doing something almost epically magnificent in living on her
own whilst not yet out of her teens gave her an enthusiasm which
made bearable the dull monotony of life in Gifford Road. It was this
enthusiasm which enabled her joyously to do domestic things such
as making her bed every morning, darning stockings, cleaning boots,
etc., things that normally she loathed. For the first few months of her
independence everything was transfigured by the drama of her
position. The thought would occur to her constantly in trams and
omnibuses when she noticed someone looking at her: “How little you
know of me by looking at me! You cannot see into my mind and
know how firm and inflexible I am. You don’t know what a big thing I
am doing.”
Reaction came.
It interested Catherine to picture various meetings with her father
and to invent conversations between them in which she should be
unquestionably the winner. The ideal dialogue, she had decided after
much reflection, would be:
her father (stopping her in the street). Catherine!
she (haughtily). I beg your pardon!
her father (tearfully). Oh, don’t be so cruel, Cathie—why don’t
you come back?
she. I am not aware that I am being cruel.
 her father. You are being horribly cruel (passionately). Oh,
Cathie, Cathie, come back! I give in about your going out to work, I
give in about anything you like, only do come back, do, do come!
she (coldly). Please don’t make a scene.... I am perfectly
comfortable where I am and have no desire to make any alteration in
my arrangements.
her father. Oh, Cathie, Cathie, you’re breaking my heart! I’ve
been lonely, oh, so lonely ever since——
she (kindly but firmly). I’m sorry, but I cannot stay to carry on a
conversation like this. You turned me out of your house when you
chose: it is for me to come back when I choose, if I choose.... I bear
you no ill-will.... I must be going. Please leave go of my arm....
That would be magnificent. She was sure she was not in the least
callous or hard-hearted, yet it pleased her to think that her father was
lonely without her. One of her dreams was to be passionately loved
by a great man, and to have to explain to him “kindly but firmly” that
she desired only friendship....
One day she did meet her father.
She walked into a third-class compartment at Bockley Station
and there he was, sitting in the far corner! Worse still, the
compartment was full, saving the seat immediately opposite to him.
There is a tunnel soon after leaving the station and the trains are not
lighted. In the sheltering darkness Catherine felt herself growing hot
and uncomfortable. What was she to do? She thought of her ideal
conversation, and remembered that in it he was supposed to lead
off. But if he did not lead off? She wished she had devised a
dialogue in which she had given herself the lead. Yet it would be
absurd to sit there opposite to him without a word. She decided she
would pretend not to see him. She was carrying a music-case, and
as the train was nearing the end of the tunnel she fished out a piece
of music and placed it in front of her face like a newspaper. When
the train emerged into daylight she discovered that it was a volume
of scales and arpeggios, and that she was holding it the wrong way
up. The situation was absurd. Yet she decided to keep up the
semblance of being engrossed in harmonic and melodic minors.
After a while she stole a glance over the top of her music. It was
risky, but her curiosity was too strong for her.
She saw nothing but the back page of the Daily Telegraph. It was
strange, because he never read in trains. It was one of his fads. He
believed it injurious to the eyes. (Many and many a time he had
lectured her on the subject.)
Obviously then he was trying to avoid seeing her, just as she was
trying to avoid seeing him. The situation was almost farcical.... There
seemed to be little opening for that ideal dialogue of hers. She
wished he would lean forward and tap her knee and say:
“Catherine!”
Then she could drop her music, look startled, and follow up with:
“I beg your pardon!”
Unfortunately he appeared to have no artistic sense of what was
required of him.
It was by the merest chance that at a certain moment when she
looked over the top of the scales and arpeggios he also looked up
from his Daily Telegraph. Their eyes met. Catherine blushed, but it
was not visible behind her music. He just stared. If they had both
been quick enough they might have looked away and let the crisis
pass. Unfortunately each second as it passed made them regard
each other more unflinchingly. The train ground round the curve into
Bethnal Green Station. Catherine was waiting for him to say
something. At last the pause was becoming so tense that she had to
break it. She said the very first thing that entered her head. It was:
“Hullo!”
Then ensued the following conversation.
“Good-morning, Catherine ... going up to the City, I suppose?”
“Yes. Are you?”
“Yes. I’m going to see some friends at Ealing. Bus from Liverpool
Street.”
 “Oh, I go by tube to Oxford Circus. I’m seeing if they’ve got some
music I ordered.”
“Don’t suppose they’ll have it ... very slack, these big London
firms....”
Pause.
“Getting on all right?”
“Oh, fine, thanks.”
“I heard you’d got a place at the Royal Cinema.”
“Oh, I soon left that ... I’m on at the Victoria Theatre now. Much
better job.”
“Good ... like the work, I suppose?”
“Rather!”
Pause.
“Nasty weather we’re having.”
“Yes—for April.”
Pause again. At Liverpool Street they were the first to leave the
compartment.
“You’ll excuse my rushing off,” she said, “but I must be quick. The
shop closes at one on a Saturday.”
“Certainly,” he murmured. Then he offered his hand. She took it
and said “Good-bye” charmingly. A minute later and she was leaning
up against the wall of the tube subway in a state bordering upon
physical exhaustion. The interview had been so unlike anything she
had in her wildest dreams anticipated. Its casualness, its sheer
uneventfulness almost took away her breath. She had pictured him
pleading, expostulating, remonstrating, blustering, perhaps making a
scene. She had been prepared for agonized entreaties, tearful
supplications. Instead of which he had said: “Nasty weather we’re
having.”
And she had replied: “Yes—for April.”
 As for the ideal dialogue——

§3
There was another surprise in store for Catherine.
In the front row of the stalls at the Bockley Victoria Theatre she
saw George Trant. She was only a few feet away from him in the
orchestra, and it was inevitable that he should notice her.
Now if Catherine had been asked if she would ever have
anything to do with George Trant again, she would have said “No”
very decisively. She had made up her mind about that long ago. If he
ever spoke to her she had decided to snub him unmercifully.
But George Trant stood up and waved to her.
“I say, Cathie!” he said.
And Catherine looked up and said, quite naturally, “Hullo,
George.”
It was a revelation to her. What had she said it for? What was the
matter with her? A fit of self-disgust made her decide that at any rate
she would not continue a conversation with him. But curiously
enough George did not address her again that evening. She wished
he would. She wanted to snub him. She wanted to let him see how
firm and inflexible she was. She wanted to let herself see it also.

§4
At Gifford Road, in the little bedroom, Catherine’s dissatisfaction
reached culminating point. Life was monotonous. The humdrum
passage of day after day mocked her in a way she could not exactly
define. She wanted to be swept into the maelstrom of big events.
Nothing had yet come her way that was big enough to satisfy her
soul’s craving. Things that might have developed dramatically
insisted on being merely common-place. Even the fire of her musical
ambition was beginning to burn low. Things in her life which had at
first seemed tremendous were even now in the short perspective of
a few months beginning to lose glamour. She thought of those dark
days, not a year back, when the idea of saying “hullo” to George
Trant would have seemed blasphemy. She thought of those June
evenings when she had paced up and down the Ridgeway in the
spattered moonlight, revelling in the morbid ecstasy of calling to
mind what had happened there. All along she had been an epicure in
emotions. She loved to picture herself placed in circumstances of
intense drama. She almost enjoyed the disappointment and passion
that George Trant had roused in her, because such feelings were at
the time new to her. Yet even in her deepest gloom something within
herself whispered: “This is nothing. You are not really in love with
George Trant. You are just vaguely sentimental, that’s all. You’re just
testing and collecting emotions as a philatelist collects stamps. It’s a
sort of scientific curiosity. Wait till the real thing comes and you’ll lose
the nerve for experimenting....” Yet the episode of George Trant had
stirred just sufficient feeling in Catherine to make her apprehensive
of similar situations in the future....
Now, as she undressed in the attic-bedroom in Gifford Road, life
seemed colourless. The idea of refusing to speak to George Trant
because of what had happened less than a year ago struck her as
childish. She was glad she had spoken to him. It would have been
silly to dignify their absurd encounter by attempting magnificence.
Catherine decided that she had acted very sensibly. Yet she was
dissatisfied. She had built up ideals—the ideals of the melodrama—
and now they were crumbling at the first touch of cold sense. She
had imagined herself being pitifully knocked about by fate and
destiny and other things she believed in, and now she was beginning
to realize with some disappointment that she had scarcely been
knocked about at all. It was a very vague dissatisfaction, but a very
intense one for all that.
“Oh, Lord, I want something, and I’m hanged if I know what it is....
Only I’m tired of living in a groove. I want to try the big risks. I’m not a
stick-in-the-mud....”
She herself could not have said whether this ran through her
mind in the guise of a prayer or an exclamation. But perhaps it did
not especially matter. “I guess when you want a thing,” she had once
enunciated, “you pray for it without intending to. In fact you can’t
want anything without praying for it every minute of the time you feel
you’re wanting it.... As for putting it into words and kneeling down at
bedtime, I should say that makes no difference....”
But she did not know what she wanted, except that it was to be
exciting and full of interest....
She fell asleep gazing vacantly at a framed lithograph on the
opposite wall which a shaft of moonlight capriciously illumined. It was
a picture of Tennyson reading his In Memoriam to Queen Victoria,
the poet, long-haired and impassioned, in an appropriately humble
position before his sovereign....

§5
The following morning a typewritten letter waited her arrival in the
basement sitting-room. It bore on the flap the seal of a business firm
in London, and Catherine opened it without in the least guessing its
contents.
It began:
my dear cathie,
You will excuse my writing to you, but this is really nothing but a
business letter. I found your address by enquiry at the theatre box-
office: the method is somewhat irregular, but I hope you will forgive
me.
What I want to say is this——
Catherine glanced down the typewritten script and saw the
signature at the bottom. It was George Trant. Her face a little
flushed, she read on:
The Upton Rising Conservative Club, of which I am a member, is
giving a concert on May 2nd, in aid of the local hospitals. A friend of
mine (and a fellow-member) was so impressed by your playing this
evening that he suggested I should ask you to play a pianoforte solo
at our projected concert. I cordially agree with his idea, and hope you
will be able to accept. I enclose a draft of the musical programme so
that you may realize that we are having some really “star” artists
down. Bernard Hollins, for instance, has sung at the Queen’s Hall.
Please write back immediately in acceptance and let me know the
name of the piece you propose to play, so that the programmes can
go to press immediately. Excuse haste, as I must catch the 11.30
post.
Yours sincerely,
george trant.
Catherine re-read the letter twice before she commenced to
criticize it keenly. Her keen criticism resulted in the following
deductions. To begin with:
This was some subtle cunning of his to entrap her. He was clever
enough to devise it.... What had she played last evening at the
Bockley Victoria Theatre that could have “impressed” anybody so
much? The show had been a third-rate revue, the music of which
was both mediocre and childishly simple. The piano was bad. She
had played, if anything, not so well as usual. The piano was, for the
most part, drowned in the orchestra. Moreover, there were scores of
pianoforte players in the district who would have been eager to
appear on such a distinguished programme as the one he had sent.
It was absurd to pick her out. She had no musical degree, had never
played at a big concert in her life. The other artists might even object
to her inclusion if they knew who she was. In any case, no astute
concert-organizer would risk putting her in. She was well-known, and
scores of people would say, as soon as they saw her on the
platform: “Why, that’s the red-haired girl who plays the piano at the
theatre.”
Catherine came to the definite conclusion that the letter was
thoroughly “fishy.”
Yet she wrote back saying:
dear george,
 Thanks for letter and invitation, which I am pleased to accept. My
piece will be Liszt’s Concert Study in A flat, unless you think it too
classical, in which case I can play a Polischinelle by Rachmaninov.
Yours sincerely,
catherine weston.
Catherine thought: If I can make use of George Trant to further
my ambitions, why shouldn’t I? If this leads to anything in the way of
bettering my earnings or getting engagements to play at concerts, it
will be no more than what George Trant owes me. And if this is
merely a trap laid for me, we’ll see who’s the more astute this time.
In any case it should lead to some interesting situations, and it will at
least vary the monotony of life....
It suddenly struck her that perhaps her father would come and
hear her play. The possibility opened up wild speculations. Her
dramatic interest pictured him rising from his seat in the middle of the
Concert Study in A flat, and crying with arm uplifted—“God!—My
daughter!”
Or perhaps he would sob loudly and bury his head in his hands.
Yet, remembering their meeting in the railway carriage, she knew
he would do nothing of the sort....
... The audience would sit spell-bound as the Concert Study rang
out its concluding chords. As the last whispered echo died on the air
the whole building would ring with shouts of tumultuous applause.
Those nearest the front would swarm on to the platform, seizing her
hand in congratulation. A buzz of conversation would go round,
startled, awe-stricken conversation: “Who is that red-haired girl?—
Who is she?—Plays at the theatre?—Oh, surely not. Impossible!”
They would demand an encore. She would play Chopin’s Study,
“Poland is Lost.”
And the Bockley and District Advertiser would foam at the
headline with: “Musical Discovery at Upton Rising. Masterful playing
by local pianiste....”
No, no, all that was absurd....
 The audience would listen in bored silence punctuated only by
the “scrooping” of chairs. She would probably tie her hands up in
some of the arpeggios. There would be desultory, unenthusiastic
clapping of hands at the finish. She would be asked for no encore.
Somebody might say: “I fancy I’ve seen that girl at the theatre. She
leads the orchestra.” And the Bockley and District Advertiser would
say with frigid politeness: “Miss Catherine Weston gave a tasteful
rendering of Liszt’s Concert Study in A flat....” Or, if they had used
the word “tasteful” previously, they would say “excellent” or “spirited”
or “vivid.”
“I suppose I’m getting cynical,” she thought, as she mercilessly
tore to pieces her ideal imaginations.
Yet she was very joyous that morning.
Life was going to begin for her. If events didn’t carry her with
them she was just going to stand in their way and make them. If not
followed, she would pursue. Life, life, her soul cried, and life was
mightily interesting. There came a silver April shower, and in her
ecstasy she took off her hat and braved both the slanting rain and
the conventional respectability of Upton Rising. Then came the sun,
warm and drying, and her hair shone like a halo of pure flame.... She
made herself rather foolishly conspicuous....
 CHAPTER VI
CRESCENDO
§1
LONG hours she practised on the Chappell grand in the room over
Burlington’s Music Emporium. The Concert Study in A flat began to
take shape and cohesion. April swept out of its teens into its
twenties, and posters appeared on the hoardings outside the Upton
Rising Public Hall announcing a “Grand Evening Concert.” Her name
was in small blue type immediately above the ticket prices. The rest
of the programme was not quite the same as the rough draft that
George had sent her. It was curious, but the best-known people had
been cut out.... Bernard Hollins, for instance, who had sung at the
Queen’s Hall. Those who remained to fill the caste were all people of
merely local repute, and Catherine ceased to have misgivings that
her performance would be mediocre compared with theirs.
One unfortunate coincidence seemed likely to disturb the
success of the evening. In the very afternoon of the same day
Razounov, the famous Russian pianist, was playing at the
Hippodrome. Razounov did not often come to Bockley, and when he
did he drew a large audience. It seemed probable that many who
went to hear him in the afternoon would not care for a Grand
Evening Concert on top of it....
Already the bills outside the Hippodrome were advertising
Razounov in letters two feet high.

§2
 The “Grand Evening Concert” was a tame, spiritless affair.
Catherine’s pianoforte solo was introduced at the commencement to
tide over that difficult period during which the local élite (feeling it
somewhat beneath their status to appear punctually at the
advertised time) were shuffling and fussing into the reserved front
seats. Her appearance on the platform was greeted with a few
desultory claps. The piano (grand only architecturally) was placed
wrongly; the sound-board was not raised, and it appeared to be
nobody’s business to raise it for her. She played amidst a jangle of
discordant noises: the rustle of paper bags and silk dresses, the
clatter of an overturned chair, the sibilant murmur of several score
incandescent gas lamps. All through there was the buzz of
conversation, and if she looked up from the keyboard she could see
the gangways full of late-comers streaming to their seats, standing
up to take off their cloaks, making frantic signals to others for whom
they had kept seats vacant, passing round bags of sweets, bending
down to put their hats under the seat, diving acrobatically into
obscure pockets to find coppers for the programme girls, doing
anything, in fact, except listen to her playing. Somehow this careless,
good-humoured indifference gave her vast confidence. She felt not
the least trace of nervousness, and she played perhaps better than
she had ever done before. She had even time to think of subsidiary
matters. A naked incandescent light lit up the keyboard from the side
nearest the rear of the platform, and she deliberately tossed her
head at such an angle that the red cloud of her hair should lie in the
direct line of vision between a large part of the audience and the
incandescent light. She knew the effect of that. At intervals, too, she
bent her head low to the keyboard for intricate treble eccentricities.
She crossed her hands whenever possible, and flung them about
with wild abandon. It would be absurd to say she forgot her
audience; on the contrary, she was remembering her audience the
whole time that she was playing. And during the six or seven
minutes that Liszt’s Concert Study in A flat lasted, her mind was
registering vague regrets. She regretted that nobody had thought to
raise the sound-board for her. She regretted the omission of all those
little stylish affectations which in the first thrill of appearing on the
platform she had forgotten all about. She had not polished her hands
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