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Homework #3 - Simplify the following expressions using

Boolean algebra.
Digital Design Theory (Farmingdale State College)

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V.Chandra Swaroop Reddy

RAM ID - R02053211

EET223T – Digital Electronics (Homework #3)

4-1. Simplify the following expressions using Boolean algebra.

C. w = ABC + AB’C + A’
= AC (B + B’) + A’ Inverse Law [X+X’=1]
= AC + A’ Distributive law [A+BC=(A+B)(A+C)]
= (A’ + A) (A’ +C) Inverse Law [X+X’=1]
= A’ + C

D. q = (RST)’*(R + S + T)’ DeMorgan’s Law [(AB)’=A’+B’; (A+B)’=A’B’]

= (R’ + S’ + T’)*(R’S’T’) Idempotent law [A*A=A]
= R’S’T’ + R’S’T’ +R’S’T’ Idempotent law [A+A=A]
= R’S’T’

4-8. Figure shows a diagram for an automobile alarm circuit used to detect certain undesirable
conditions. The three switches are used to indicate the status of the door by the driver’s seat,
the ignition, and the headlights, respectively. Design the logic circuit with these three switches
as inputs so that the alarm will be activated whenever either of the following conditions exists:

• The headlights are on while the ignition is off.

• The door is open while the ignition is on.

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Let D = Door, I = Ignition and L = Light

Conditions for activating alarm –

1. The headlights(L) are ON while the ignition(I) is OFF i.e., L=1, I=0 and D may be anything
2. The door(D) is OPEN while the ignition(I) is ON i.e., D=0, I=1 and L may be anything

So, truth table for the Alarm –

D I L A
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 0

K-Map for the Alarm –

DI
L 00 01 11 10
0 0 1 0 0
1 1 1 0 1

Expression from K-Map – A = D’I + I’L

Logic Circuit –

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4-27. A BCD code is being transmitted to a remote receiver. The bits are A3, A2, A1, and A0,
with A3 as the MSB. The receiver circuitry includes a BCD error detector circuit that examines
the received code to see if it is a legal BCD code (i.e., ≤ 1001). Design this circuit to produce a
HIGH for any error condition.
Truth table –

A3 A2 A1 A0 F
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 0
0 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1
1 0 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1

k-Map –
A3 A2
A1 A0 00 01 11 10
00 0 0 1 0
01 0 0 1 0
11 0 0 1 1
10 0 0 1 1

Expression from K-Map – F = A3*A2 + A3*A1

Logic circuit –

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4-29. Four large tanks at a chemical plant contain different liquids being heated. Liquid-level
sensors are being used to detect whenever the level in tank A or tank B rises above a
predetermined level. Temperature sensors in tanks C and D detect when the temperature in
either of these tanks drops below a prescribed temperature limit. Assume that the liquid-level
sensor outputs A and B are LOW when the level is satisfactory and HIGH when the level is too
high. Also, the temperature-sensor outputs C and D are LOW when the temperature is
satisfactory and HIGH when the temperature is too low. Design a logic circuit that will detect
whenever the level in tank A or tank B is too high at the same time that the temperature in
either tank C or tank D is too low.
Given - The level in tank A or tank B is too high at the same time that the temperature in either
tank C or tank D is too low, which means A or B is HIGH and C or D is LOW [X = (A+B)*(C+D)]
Truth table –

A B C D A+B C+D X
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 1 1 1 1
0 1 1 0 1 1 1
0 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 1 1 1
1 0 1 0 1 1 1
1 0 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 1 0 0
1 1 0 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 0 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Logic circuit –

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4-47. Figure is a combinational logic circuit that operates an alarm in a car whenever the driver
and/or passenger seats are occupied and the seatbelts are not fastened when the car is started.
The active-HIGH signals DRIV and PASS indicate the presence of the driver and passenger,
respectively, and are taken from pressure-actuated switches in the seats. The signal IGN is
active-HIGH when the ignition switch is on. The signal (BELTD)’ is active-LOW and indicates that
the driver’s seatbelt is unfastened; (BELTP)’ is the corresponding signal for the passenger
seatbelt. The alarm will be activated (LOW) whenever the car is started and either of the front
seats is occupied and its seatbelt is not fastened.
a. Verify that the circuit will function as described.
b. Describe how this alarm system would operate if Z1-2 were internally shorted to
ground.
c. Describe how it would operate if there were an open connection from Z2-6 to Z2-10.

A. Conditions for alarm -

The driver and/or passenger seats are occupied [DRIV=1, PASS=X] and the seatbelts are not
fastened [(BELTD)’=0, (BELTP)’=X] when the car is started [IGN=1]
1. If driver is present and not wearing a seatbelt [IGN=1, DRIV=1, (BELTD)’=0, PASS=X,
(BELTP)’=X, ALARM=1]
2. If passenger is present and not wearing a seatbelt [IGN=1, DRIV=X, (BELTD)’=X, PASS=1,
(BELTP)’=0, ALARM=1]
EXPECT when the driver and passenger are present and both of them are wearing a seatbelt
then the alarm won’t turn on.

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Truth table from the circuit –

IGN DRIV (BELTD)’ PASS (BELTP)’ (ALARM)’ ALARM

0 X X X X 1 0
1 0 X 0 X 1 0
1 0 X 1 0 0 1
1 0 X 1 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 1
1 1 0 0 1 0 1
1 1 0 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0 X 1 0
1 1 1 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 0
By comparing the conditions with the truth table drawn from circuit we can verify that the
circuit will function as described.
B. If Z1-2 is internally shorted to ground i.e., Z1-2 is always ACTIVE-LOW, then Z1-6 is always
ACTIVE-HIGH. Which means the circuit doesn’t detect whether the driver’s seat is occupied or
not, if it is occupied it cannot detect whether the driver is wearing a seatbelt or not. Hence, the
alarm goes ON only for the passenger’s seat and his belt condition only.
Truth table –

IGN DRIV (BELTD)’ PASS (BELTP)’ (ALARM)’ ALARM

0 X X X X 1 0
1 X X 0 X 1 0
1 X X 1 0 0 1
1 X X 1 1 1 0

C. If there is an open connection between Z2-6 to Z2-10, then Z2-10 input is always ACTIVE-
HIGH. So, the output of Z2-8 will depend on Z2-9 only. Which means the circuit doesn’t detect
whether the passenger’s seat is occupied or not, if it is occupied it cannot detect whether the
passenger is wearing a seatbelt or not. Hence, the alarm goes ON only for the driver’s seat and
his seatbelt condition only.
Truth table –

IGN DRIV (BELTD)’ PASS (BELTP)’ (ALARM)’ ALARM

0 X X X X 1 0
1 0 X X X 1 0
1 1 0 X X 0 1
1 1 1 X X 1 0

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