A TECHNICAL REPORT

ON

STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

UNDERTAKEN AT

FEDERAL RADIO CORPORATION OF NIGERIA(FRCN) KADUNA STATE

OFFICE

COMPILED AND SUBMITTED

BY

MUHAMMAD SANI MUSA

PSC|2021/18715

PYE 321

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, FACULTY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE,

FEDERALUNIVERSITY DUTSIN-MA, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA.

IN PARTIAL FULFULMENT OF THE REQUIMENT FOR THE

AWARD OF BACHELOR IN PHYSICS WITH ELECTRONICS

JULY,2024
 DECLARATION

I hereby affirm that this comprehensive report has been compiled by MUHAMMAD
SANI MUSA and accurately encompasses the activities undertaken during my
Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) Industrial Training at
FEDERAL RADspecifically at the
KADUNA STATE REGIONAL OFFICE, under the supervision of ENGINEER
ABUBAKAR.A.MUHAMMAD.I further confirm that this report, or its contents, has
not been previously submitted to this institution or any other educational
establishment for the purpose of fulfilling the requirements for the conferment of any
academic degree. All citations and sources of information and research have been
duly acknowledged through proper referencing.

………………………………… ………………………..

MUHAMMAD SANI MUSA DATE

Psc/2021/18715
 CERTIFICATION

I, MUHAMMAD SANI MUSA with Matric Number: PSC|20201/18715, a student

enrolled in the Department of PHYSICS at FEDERAL UNIVERSITY DUTSIN-MA
KATSINA STATE, hereby certify that this report on my Student Industrial Work
Experience Scheme (SIWES) has been meticulously prepared and compiled. The
purpose of this report is to document the successful culmination of my fifteen weeks
of Industrial Training, which was conducted at FEDERAL RADIO
CORPORATION OF NIGERIA(FRCN) KADUNA

Dr. Florence Ikechiamaka Date

(Head of Department)

Mr. Bashir Ahoume Date

(SIWES Co-ordinator)
 DEDICATION

I hereby dedicate this technical report, the culmination of my Student Industrial

Work Experience Scheme (SIWES), to my family, friends and my lecturers who
helped,guide and support me through my studies with advice,efforts and resources.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my family for their unwavering

support and encouragement throughout my academic journey. Your love,
understanding, and belief in me have been a constant source of strength.

I extend my sincere appreciation to my dedicated lecturers, whose guidance and

mentorship have been invaluable in shaping my academic pursuits. Your knowledge
and insights have enriched my learning experience.

I am deeply thankful to my lecturers and my supervisor for the SIWES program,

whose expertise and guidance have been instrumental in my professional
development. Your mentorship has been a significant contributor to the success of my
industrial training.

Lastly, I extend my warmest thanks to my friend for being a source of inspiration and
support, offering encouragement and camaraderie during the ups and downs of this
journey. Your friendship has made this endeavor all the more rewarding

To all of you, I am profoundly grateful for your contributions to my growth and

success.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. TITTLE PAGE.................................................................................................... i

2. DECLARATION............................................................................................... ii

3. CERTIFICATION............................................................................................. iii

4. DEDICATION.................................................................................................... iv

5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…........................................................................... v

6. TABLE OF CONTENT..................................................................................... vi

7. LIST OF FIGURES….....................................................................................viii

8. LIST OF ABRIEVIATIONS..........................................................................ix

9. ABSTRACT........................................................................................................... x

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of The Industrial Training Fund..................................................... 1

1.2 Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme SIWES...................................... 2

1.3 Vision SIWES.............................................................................................................3

1.4 Mission SIWES......................................................................................................... 3

1.5 Aim and Objective of SIWES................................................................................ 4

1.6 Definition of Terms.................................................................................................. 5

CHAPTER 2: OVER VIEW OF FEDERAL RADIO CORPORATION OF

NIGERIA (FRCN) KADUNA
2.1 Brief History of FRCN.......................................................................................... 6

2.2 Objectives and Functions of FRCN.................................................................... 7

2.3 Departments/Units/Sections in the FRCN and their duties.......................... 8

2.4 Organogram of the FRCN..................................................................................... 9

CHAPTER 3: ACTIVITIES/EXPERIENCES ACQUIRED
3.1 Preamble................................................................................................................. 10

3.1.1 Safety................................................................................................................... 12

3.2 Activities/ Experiences During The Training............................................. 13

3.3 Applications of physics in

FRCN ………………………………………………..14
3.4 Limitation and Challenges
Encountered ………………………………………………..15

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Summary, conclusion, recommendation.............................................................. 16

4.1 Summary.......................................................................................................................17

4.2 Conclusion................................................................................................................... 18

4.3 Recommendation........................................................................................................19

References......................................................................................................................... 20
 LISTS OF ABBRIVIATIONS

FRCN ; Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria

ITF; Industrial Training Fund

SIWES; Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme

JPM; Jack Plug Monor

JPS; Jack Plug Stereo

MCR; Master Control Room

FM ; Frequency Modulation

AM; Amplitude Modulation

LOS; Line Of Sight

LOC; Line Of Curvature

 ABSTRACT

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the Student Industrial Work

Experience Scheme (SIWES) undertaken at Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria
(FRCN). It offers a detailed account of the experiences, knowledge acquisition, and
practical skills development achieved during this fifteen weeks industrial training
period.
The report initiates with an introductory section that acquaints the reader with
FRCN, elucidating its mission and its pivotal role in Nigerian Communication
Commission (NCC). It subsequently elucidates the primary objectives of the
SIWES program, emphasizing its significance in bridging the gap between
academic knowledge and its real-world application.
The following section provides an in-depth exploration of the Radio Station in
Kaduna ,where I was stationed during my training period. It offers insights into the
department's functions and operations executed during the training, with a
particular focus on their alignment with the student's academic background in
Physics with Electronics.
Additionally, the report delves into the broader impact of the SIWES training at
FRCN, not only in terms of enhancing personal growth but also fostering
professional development. It underscores the intrinsic value of hands-on experience
in complementing theoretical classroom learning, thereby deepening the
comprehension of the Signals and systems.

In summation, this report provides a comprehensive exploration of the SIWES

experience at FEDERAL RADIO CORPORATION OF NIGERIA(FRCN). It
underscores the symbiotic relationship between theoretical knowledge and its
practical application within the realm of Signals and systems. Furthermore, the
report emphasizes the vital role of industrial training programs like SIWES in
equipping students with the skills and expertise required for meaningful
contributions to the workforce, while concurrently promoting the growth and
sustainability of Nigeria's energy sector.
 1.0 INTRODUCTION
This chapter consists of Background of Industrial training, Student

industrial working scheme, vision, mission, Aim and objective of

Student industrial working scheme, and definition of terms.

1.0Background of the Industrial Training Fund (ITF).

The Industrial Training Fund (ITF) is a Nigerian government agency

established to promote and facilitate the development of a skilled

workforce for the country's industrial and commercial sectors. It was

established in 1971 through the Industrial Training Fund Act, which

became operational on October 8, 1971. The primary objective of the ITF

is to bridge the gap between the skills required by industries and the

skills possessed by the Nigerian workforce. Here is a comprehensive

background of the Industrial Training Fund:

 Establishment and Legal Framework: The ITF was established as a result of

the Nigerian government's recognition of the need to address the skills gap in
the country's workforce. It was established under the Industrial Training
Fund Act, Cap 96, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 1990.
 Mandate and Mission: The core mandate of the ITF is to provide, promote,
and encourage the acquisition of industrial and commercial skills required in
Nigeria. Its mission is to contribute to the development of the Nigerian
economy by generating a competent workforce through effective skills
training and development programs.
  Funding: ITF is primarily funded through a combination of levies imposed
on employers in the formal sector. These employers are required by law to
contribute a percentage of their annual payroll to the ITF. Additionally, the
organization generates revenue through fees for its training services.
 Training Programs: ITF offers a wide range of training programs in various
sectors, including manufacturing, agriculture, construction, information
technology, and more. These programs are designed to equip individuals
with the necessary skills to meet the demands of the labor market.
The Industrial Training Fund (ITF) is a crucial government agency in Nigeria
responsible for promoting and facilitating skills development and training to bridge
the gap between industry needs and the skills of the workforce. It has played a
significant role in supporting Nigeria's industrialization and economic development
efforts by ensuring that the labor force is equipped with the necessary skills for
various sectors.
1.2 Student Industrial Experience Scheme (SIWES)
The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a program in Nigeria
aimed at providing students in higher education institutions with practical industrial
work experience. It was established to bridge the gap between theoretical
knowledge acquired in the classroom and the practical skills required in the
workplace. SIWES is managed and overseen by the Nigerian government through
the National Universities Commission (NUC) in collaboration with other relevant
agencies. Here's a more detailed overview of SIWES:
Background and Establishment:
SIWES was established in Nigeria in 1973 by the Federal Government of Nigeria as
a result of the need to address the skills and experience gap between what students
learn in academic institutions and the practical requirements of industries. It was
created to prepare students for the world of work by exposing them to real work
environments. The primary objectives of SIWES include:
 Providing students with practical experience in their chosen fields of study.
 Enhancing the students' understanding and application of theoretical
knowledge.
 Promoting the development of a competent and skilled workforce.
  Fostering collaboration between academic institutions and industries.
 Facilitating the transition of students from school to the workplace.
SIWES is open to students in various tertiary institutions in Nigeria, including
universities, polytechnics, and colleges of education. It is mandatory for students
pursuing certain science, engineering, technology, and related disciplines to
participate in SIWES as a part of their academic curriculum.
SIWES typically lasts for a duration of six months to one year, depending on the
institution and program. During this period, students are required to work with
approved organizations relevant to their field of study. The scheme is structured to
provide students with hands-on experience in their chosen fields.
Students are placed in organizations or companies related to their field of study.
They are expected to undergo practical training, gain exposure to industrial
processes, and apply the knowledge they have acquired in their coursework. The
training may include laboratory work, fieldwork, and on-the-job training.
Students are usually assessed and evaluated by both the host organizations and
their respective institutions. The assessment may involve written reports,
presentations, and performance evaluations by supervisors in the workplace.
Benefits:
SIWES offers several benefits to students, including:
 Practical exposure to real work environments.
 Development of technical and soft skills.
 Improved employability and readiness for the job market.
.

1.3 MISSION OF SIWES

To empower Nigerian students with practical industrial and work experience,
equipping them with the skills, knowledge, and competencies necessary for
successful careers and contributing to the growth and development of the nation's
workforce.
1.4 VISION OF SIWES
To be a nationally recognized and internationally acclaimed program that bridges
the gap between academia and industry, fostering a highly skilled and innovative
workforce for Nigeria's sustainable economic development.
1.5 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF SIWES
1. Practical Experience: SIWES aims to provide students with hands-on practical
experience in their chosen fields of study, allowing them to apply the theoretical
knowledge gained in the classroom to real-world situations.
2. Skill Development: It aims to develop the technical and soft skills of students,
making them more competent and marketable in their respective industries.
3. Industry Exposure: SIWES aims to expose students to the actual work
environments, processes, and practices in their fields, helping them gain a better
understanding of industry standards and expectations.
4. Career Preparedness: The program aims to prepare students for future careers by
enhancing their readiness for the job market, improving their employability, and
helping them make informed career choices.
5. Academic Enhancement: SIWES aims to complement academic education with
practical experience, making education more relevant and comprehensive.

OBJECTIVES OF SIWES
1. To Provide Practical Training: SIWES seeks to provide students with
opportunities to engage in practical training, allowing them to acquire technical
skills, competencies, and practical knowledge.
2. To Foster Collaboration: It aims to foster collaboration between higher education
institutions and industries, creating a bridge for knowledge transfer and mutual
benefit.
3. To Develop a Skilled Workforce: SIWES aims to contribute to the development
of a highly skilled and competent workforce, meeting the demands of various
industries and sectors.
2.0 OVERVIEW OF FEDERAL RADIO CORPORATION OF NIGERIA

2.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF FRCN

The Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN) was established in1933 by the B
ritish colonial government to provide radio broadcastingservices in Nigeria. It is th
e oldest and largest radio broadcastingorganization in Nigeria. The FRCN has play
ed a significant role indisseminating information, education, and entertainment to t
heNigerian population through its network of radio stations across the country.

2.2 OBJECTIVE/FUNCTION OF FRCN

The objectives and functions of the Federal Radio Corporation ofNigeria (FRCN) i
nclude:

1. To inform, educate, and entertain the public through radiobroadcasting.

2. To promote national unity and integration by providing balancedand objective n
ews and programming.
3. To serve as a platform for cultural expression and preservation.
4. To support the government's development agenda by disseminatinginformation o
n policies, programs, and initiatives.
5. To provide a platform for public discourse and dialogue onimportant issues.
6. To uphold ethical standards in broadcasting and contribute to thegrowth of the br
oadcasting industry in Nigeria.

2.3 DEPARTMENT/UNIT /SECTION IN FRCN AND THEIR DUTIES

DEPARTMENTS IN FRCN AND THEIR DUTIES
The Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN) comprises severaldepartments,
each with its specific duties and responsibilities. Here aresome of the key departme
nts and their duties:

1. News and Current Affairs Department: Responsible for gathering,producing, and

broadcasting news and current affairs programs.
2. Programmes Department: In charge of creating and schedulingradio programs fo
r entertainment, education, and informationpurposes.
3. Engineering Department: Manages the technical aspects of radiobroadcasting, in
cluding maintenance of equipment and transmission.
4. Finance and Administration Department: Handles financial matters,human resou
rces, and general administrative functions of theorganization.
5. Marketing and Commercial Department: Focuses on generatingrevenue through
advertising, sponsorships, and partnerships.
6. ICT Department: Manages information and communicationtechnology systems,
ensuring the smooth operation of digitalbroadcasting and related technologies.
7. Research and Evaluation Department: Conducts research, audiencesurveys, and
evaluations to assess the impact and effectiveness ofFRCN's programs.
8. Legal Department: Provides legal advice, handles contracts, andensures complia
nce with relevant laws and regulations.
9. Training Department: Organizes training programs and workshopsfor staff to en
hance their skills and knowledge in radio broadcasting.

These departments work together to ensure the smooth operation ofFRCN and the
delivery of quality radio programming to the Nigerianaudience.
UNITS IN FRCN AND THEIR DUTIES
FRCN (Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria) is a Nigerian publicservice broadcas
ter. Some units in FRCN and their duties include:

1. News Department: Responsible for gathering, writing, andbroadcasting news sto

ries.
2. Program Department: Develops and produces various radioprograms, such as tal
k shows, music shows, and dramas.
3. Engineering Department: Handles the technical aspects ofbroadcasting, includin
g maintenance and repair of equipment.
4. Marketing Department: Responsible for promoting FRCN'sprograms and service
s.
5. Admin Department: Handles human resources, finance, and generaladministratio
n.
6. Current Affairs Department: Produces programs focused on currentevents, analy
sis, and public affairs.
7. Sports Department: Covers sports news and events.
8. Music Department: Responsible for music programming, includingselection and
presentation of music content.
9. Production Department: Handles the production of radio dramas,documentaries,
and other programs.
10. IT Department: Supports the technical infrastructure and digitalsystems of FRC
N.
SECTIONS OF FRCN AND THEIR DUTIES
FRCN (Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria) is divided into varioussections to en
sure efficient operation. Here are some sections in FRCNand their duties:

1. Newsroom:
- Gather, write, and broadcast news stories
- Produce news bulletins, analysis, and features
2. Programmes:
- Develop and produce radio shows, including music, talk, anddrama
- Create content for various audiences, such as children, youth, andadults
3. Current Affairs:
- Produce programs focused on politics, economy, and social issues
- Conduct interviews, debates, and discussions
4. Sports:
- Cover sports news, events, and analysis
- Broadcast live sports commentary and programs
5. Music:
- Select and present music content for various programs
- Produce music shows, concerts, and events
6. Engineering:
- Maintain and repair broadcasting equipment
- Ensure smooth transmission and technical quality
7. Marketing and Public Relations:
- Promote FRCN's programs and services
- Manage the corporation's image and reputation
8. Administration:
 - Handle human resources, finance, and general administration
- Oversee the corporation's day-to-day operations
9. Digital Media:
- Manage FRCN's online presence, including website and socialmedia
- Produce digital content and podcasts
10. Training and Development:
- Provide training and capacity building for staff
- Develop and implement new skills and technologies
3.0 ACTIVITIES/EXPERIENCES ACQUIRED

3.1. Preamble
This report presents my practical experience and skills acquired
during the Students' Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES)
program at the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN),
Kaduna, from 4th march 2024. I was attached to the Engineering
Department,as a student of physics with electronics,where I
gained hands-on experience in broadcast electronics, studio
equipment maintenance, and transmitter operation. This report
highlights my experience and understanding on how
electromagnetic radiation is transmitted and convinced to signal
for public reception and comprehend my heoretical knowledge in
practical aspects. The experience and skills acquired during this
Student’s Industrial Work Experience Scheme perfects me more
ins practical aspects of Signals and radio waves I am grateful
having the opportunity to worked with an amazing team at FRCN
Kaduna.

3.1.1 SAFETY
trong RF radiation can be unhealthy - Don't use a radio when it is not
completely assembled. The case keeps the RF radiation where it should
be. Make sure antennas can't touch any power lines or you could be
electrocuted when using the radio. Lightning can hit your antenna and
travel down your lines to the radio.
Ionizing radiation is generally considered to be more hazardous to human
health than non-ionizing radiation because it can remove electrons from
atoms. This means that it can damage living tissue and DNA. There are
four basic types of ionizing radiation: Alpha, beta, gamma and x-ray, and
neutron particles
3.2 ACTIVITIES DURING THE TRAINING
It is imperative to establish the main purpose of radio
broadcasting but to provide real time information, and some that
broadcast 24 hours can provide most recent updates to listeners.

RADIO PRODUCTION FORMATS

Many radio programs are live, and some programs are recorded
first and broadcast later. Some programs are recorded outside
locations .
Here we shall discuss about few different varieties of radio
production format.
LIVE OR RECORDED RADIO PROGRAM
The programs or radio television can be live recorded, or a combination
of bot. The Nature of production calls for Whether the program will be
produced, live or recorded in advance and use letter. Lab recorded
production of production errors, as there are no second chances, it has to
be right at the first time. However, live production is more cheaper then
recorded production technique, and sometimes easier and quicker.
Recorded productions allows supervision and control Over quality. In
this method first recorded program is done at the time editing and post
production are done at a later time. This is an attempt at an enhancement
for refined production value quality while shooting this can also combine
with shooting production method. Portions or segment of a program can
be recorded, edited and processed in advance and incorporated into a
studio production, using live talent.
STUDIO OR REMOTE (OUTSIDE ON LOCATION)
Programs can be produced within the control environment of an indoor
studio, which of the required settings of a program. Studio settings Offer
personnel control, light control, temperature control, sufficient power,
control, and assess to supplementary production personnel equipment,
accessories and spare parts and even telephones and change rooms
production can also be done at the temporary remote location. Unique
settings can be achieved by thoughtful section planning and full use of
outside location.
EXPERIENCES DURING SIWES

The process of a radio transmitter is as follows:

1. *Information Source*: Audio or data is generated from a

source like a microphone, instrument, or computer.

2. *Modulation*: The information is modified to encode the

signal onto a carrier wave, changing its amplitude, frequency, or

phase.

3. *Carrier Wave*: A high-frequency wave (RF) is generated by

an oscillator, typically in the radio frequency range (3 kHz to

300 GHz).

4. *Modulator*: The modulated signal is combined with the

carrier wave, creating a modulated RF signal.

5. *Amplifier*: The modulated RF signal is amplified to

increase its power and strength.

6. *Antenna*: The amplified signal is transmitted through an

antenna, converting electrical signals into electromagnetic

waves.

7. *Propagation*: The electromagnetic waves travel through the

air (or space) to the receiving location.

8. *Receiver*: The transmitted signal is detected by a receiving

antenna and decoded by a radio receiver.

9. *Demodulation*: The original information is extracted from

the modulated RF signal.

10. *Output*: The decoded information is played through a

speaker, displayed on a screen, or processed further.

This process enables radio communication, allowing us to

transmit and receive information wirelessly over long distances!

LIST OF DEVICES IN RADIO BROADCASTSING

Transmitter

The transmitter generates a radio frequency signal

which when applied to the antenna produces the radio
waves, called the carrier signal.
It combines the carrier with the modulation signal, a
process called modulation. As its name implies, the
general purpose of a transmitter is to transmit signals.
These signals contain information, which can be audio,
video, or data.
ANTENNA

An antenna is a metallic structure that captures and/or

transmits radio electromagnetic waves. Antennas come in all
shapes and sizes from little ones that can be found on your
roof to watch TV to really big ones that capture signals from
satellites millions of miles away.

Antennas come in all shapes and sizes from little ones that can
be found on your roof to watch TV to really big ones that
capture signals from satellites millions of miles away.
Radio antennas

Radio antenna is the receiving antenna that detects the

transmitted signals and exerts the original information from the
modulated RF carrier, decoded the information and play it
 3.3 APPLICATION OF PHYSICS IN RADIO

1. *Electromagnetic Waves*: Radio stations use electromagnetic waves

to transmit signals, which are a fundamental concept in physics.

2. *Frequency and Wavelength*: Radio stations operate on specific

frequencies and wavelengths, governed by the laws of physics.

3. *Amplification*: Amplifiers in radio stations rely on physics

principles like Ohm's law and Joule's law to increase signal strength.

4. *Antenna Design*: Antenna design is based on physics principles like

electromagnetic induction, radiation patterns.

5. *Propagation*: The behavior of radio waves in the atmosphere,

including refraction, diffraction, and scattering, is governed by physics.

6. *Modulation*: Modulation techniques like AM and FM rely on

physics principles like wave superposition and frequency modulation.

.
3.4 Limitations and Challenges Encountered
The limitation and challenges in the institution, they have no bus
for IT student. And always strict with IT student coming to the
institution late. Encounter lack of funds to go for the IT every
day and some other challenges
4.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1 SUMMARY

This technical report offers a comprehensive account of the Student Industrial

Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) undertaken at Federal Radio Corporation of
Nigeria(FRCN).It covers various aspects of the SIWES experience, including an
introduction to FRCN, an exploration of the specific department where the training
occurred, discussions on safety protocols, and reflections on the broader impact of
the training. The report underscores the crucial role of SIWES in bridging the gap
between academic knowledge and practical application, particularly in the Radio
station . It emphasizes the significance of hands-on experience in enhancing
personal and professional growth, ultimately preparing students for meaningful
contributions to the workforce.

4.2 CONCLUTION

The SIWES experience at FRCN has been highly rewarding, providing a

practical platform for the application of theoretical knowledge in the
field of Physics with Electronics. The training offered insights into the
intricacies of radio wave, with a focus on protection and metering, cable
jointing, and electrical fitting. The rigorous adherence to safety protocols
demonstrated the company's commitment to the well-being of its
employees. This SIWES program has undoubtedly enriched the student's
academic journey, equipping them with valuable skills and a deeper
understanding of the radio wave. It serves as a testament to the
significance of industrial training programs in preparing students for the
demands of the workforce while contributing to the growth and
sustainability of Nigeria's energy sector.

4.3 RECOMMENDATION

1. It is imperative that the government allocates more funding to bolster the SIWES
scheme. This increased financial support would enable the adequate compensation
of supervisory staff members from government departments and educational
institutions.

2. The development of a uniform training program for trainees across various trades
and disciplines, aligned with the National Occupational Standards under
development by NBTE, should be prioritized.

3. Encouraging the active participation of private corporate organizations in the

SIWES program can help alleviate the issue of inadequate funding, as previously
highlighted by the director of I.T.F.

4. Students should be placed in establishments where the stipulated aims and

objectives of SIWES can be effectively achieved.

5. Attendance should be diligently upheld, and students must make every effort to
avoid unnecessary absences during their attachment.

6. Lastly, I strongly advise future students to uphold honesty and moral uprightness
throughout their SIWES experiences, as these qualities are crucial for personal and
professional growth.
4.4 REFERENCES

1.Akerejola, O. (2023). Information and guidelines for Students Industrial Work

Experience 2.Scheme. Available: http://www.itf-nigeria.org/docs/siwes-op-
guide.pdf

Serway, Raymoid; Fougn, jeryy, vuille chris (2008). College physic, 8th Ed
cengage learning p. 714 ISBN978-0495386933.

3.Johnson Richard C. (1993) Antenna Engineering handbook 3rd Ed

ISBN007032381X.
4.Williams, Edmund, Ed (2007), National association of broadcasters Engineeringu