c. Guess and describe the meaning of code.
I = [1 1 2 0.6 0 0
2 1 3 0.5 1 0 .1
3 3 4 0.5 0 0
4 1 2 0.4 1 0.2
5 2 4 0.2 0 0 ] % I matrix is input matrix
Ground = 1 % bus 1 is selected as a reference
Programming code for bus formulation
function[Ybus] = yformation(I,ground)
numele=length(I(:,1)) % number of element = length of column 1 of I matrix
idxbus = unique([I(:,2);I(:,3)])' % listing buses
numbus=length(idxbus) % number of buses
A=zeros(numele,numbus) % building  matrix with number of rows = number of
for k=1:numele % elements and number of columns = number of buses
a=find(idxbus==I(k,2)) % Updating  matrix by filling 1 if current go from bus
b=find(idxbus==I(k,3)) % (column 2 of I matrix) and -1 if current go to bus
A(k,a)=1 % (column 3 of I matrix)
A (k,b)=-1
end
r= find(idxbus==ground) % Choosing referenced bus
idxbus(r)=[]
A(:,r)=[] % deleting the column that is selected as a reference for A
zprim=diag(I(:,4)) % Building Zprim diagonalMatrix with self impedance from
for k=1:numele % column 4 of I matrix
if I(k,5)~=0 % finding element that is correlate with element 1 to fill
cp=I(k,5) % mutual impedance to correlate address in Zprim Matrix.
zprim(k,cp)=I(k,6) % Addresses come from column 5 of I matrix and value
zprim(cp,k)=I(k,6) % come from column 6 of I matrix.
end
end
yprim=inv(zprim) % Inverse Zprim to have Yprim
Ybus=A'*yprim*A % Calculate Ybus = AT*Yprim*A
Return
Exercise 2. Given input data of power system as follow:
%bus type Pd Qd Gs Bs area Vm Va baseKV zone Vmax Vmin
bus = [
1 1 40.0 15.0 0.0 0.0 1 1.0000 0.0000 230.0000 1 1.0500 0.9500;
2 3 25.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 1 1.0000 0.0000 230.0000 1 1.0500 0.9500;
3 2 60.0 30.0 0.0 0.0 1 1.0000 0.0000 230.0000 1 1.0500 0.9500;
4 1 70.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 1 1.0000 0.0000 230.0000 1 1.0500 0.9500 ];
%% generator data
% bus Pg Qg Qmax Qmin Vsp base status Pmax Pmin
gen = [
2 85.00 19.22 150.0000 -150.0000 1.050 100.0000 1 200.0000 50.0000;
3 110.00 67.43 150.0000 -150.0000 1.050 100.0000 1 200.0000 50.0000 ];
%% branch data
% fbus tbus r x b ratea rateb ratec ratio angle status
branch = [
1 2 0.20 0.60 0.0010 40.0000 40.0000 250.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1;
1 2 0.20 0.60 0.0010 40.0000 40.0000 250.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1;
1 3 0.10 0.20 0.0000 80.0000 80.0000 150.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1;
2 3 0.07 0.20 0.0000 60.0000 60.0000 150.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1;
2 4 0.05 0.25 0.0000 100.000 100.000 150.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1;
3 4 0.04 0.20 0.0010 50.0000 50.0000 150.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1;
3 4 0.04 0.20 0.0010 50.0000 50.0000 150.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1 ];
a. Draw a single line diagram of this power system.
b. Programming code for Ybus formulation of this power system by transformation method
This code neglect the impedance of generators
function [Ybus]= yformation3(branch)
c=0
numele=length(branch(:,1))
dem=0
for k=1:numele
if branch(k,5)~=0
c=c+1
end
end
sumele=numele+2*c
idxbus=unique([branch(:,1);branch(:,2)])'
numbus=length(idxbus)
A=zeros(sumele,numbus)
for k=1:numele
m=find(idxbus==branch(k,1))
n=find(idxbus==branch(k,2))
A(k,m)=1
A(k,n)=-1
end
Zprim=zeros(sumele,sumele)
for k=1:numele
Zprim(k,k)=branch(k,3)+i*branch(k,4)
end
for k=1:numele
if branch(k,5)~=0
m=find(idxbus==branch(k,1))
dem=dem+1
A((numele+dem),m)=-1
Zprim((numele+dem),(numele+dem))=2/(i*branch(k,5))
n=find(idxbus==branch(k,2))
dem=dem+1
A((numele+dem),n)=-1
Zprim((numele+dem),(numele+dem))=2/(i*branch(k,5))
end
end
Yprim=inv(Zprim)
Ybus=A'*Yprim*A
The Result Ybus =
3.0000 - 6.9990i -1.0000 + 3.0000i -2.0000 + 4.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
-1.0000 + 3.0000i 3.3283 -11.2995i -1.5590 + 4.4543i -0.7692 + 3.8462i
-2.0000 + 4.0000i -1.5590 + 4.4543i 5.4821 -18.0687i -1.9231 + 9.6154i
0.0000 + 0.0000i -0.7692 + 3.8462i -1.9231 + 9.6154i 2.6923 -13.4605i
c. Programming code for Ybus formulation of this power system by inspection method
This code neglect the impedance of generators
function [Ybus] = yformation2(branch)
idxbus=unique([branch(:,1);branch(:,2)])';
numbus=length(idxbus);
numele=length(branch(:,1));
Ybus=zeros(numbus,numbus); % Building Ybus Matrix
for k=1:numele % Filling admittance between two buses
m=find(idxbus==branch(k,1));
n=find(idxbus==branch(k,2));
ymn=1/(branch(k,3)+i*branch(k,4));
Ybus(m,m)=Ybus(m,m)+ymn;
Ybus(n,n)=Ybus(n,n)+ymn;
Ybus(m,n)=Ybus(m,n)-ymn;
Ybus(n,m)=Ybus(m,n);
if branch(k,5)~=0 % adding admittance jb to addressed buses
Ybus(m,m)=Ybus(m,m)+i*branch(k,5)/2;
Ybus(n,n)=Ybus(n,n)+i*branch(k,5)/2;
end
end
Result Ybus =
3.0000 - 6.9990i -1.0000 + 3.0000i -2.0000 + 4.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
-1.0000 + 3.0000i 3.3283 -11.2995i -1.5590 + 4.4543i -0.7692 + 3.8462i
-2.0000 + 4.0000i -1.5590 + 4.4543i 5.4821 -18.0687i -1.9231 + 9.6154i
0.0000 + 0.0000i -0.7692 + 3.8462i -1.9231 + 9.6154i 2.6923 -13.4605i
