Introduction To Systems Analysis: Basic

Concepts

a. General Systems Theory

b. System’s Characteristics
c. Feedback and Control
d. System’s Study
e. Information System
f. Concepts of Separation
g. Types of Information Systems
h. Systems Analyst: problem solver
Behind the development of a system is a group of
developer which is usually compose of Project
Manager, System Analyst, Programmer, Tester and
researcher. Each member of the development team
has it’s own function specifically on the phases of
the system development life cycle but nonetheless
At the end of the week, the student is they collaborate to assure the success of the
expected to:
system.
a.Identify the concepts of system.
b.Identify the elements of system
On this module, the concept of system analysis will
c. Recognize the importance of an
be discussed. Along with the general systems
Information System to the
business/organizations theory, the characteristics of a system, the feedback
d. To know the different types of and control system, system’s study, concept of
Information System separation, the idea of information system and its
e. To identify the duties and types; and the role of analyst in the development
responsibilities of system analyst team as the problem solver.

Organizations nowadays make use of systems. Systems make an organization’s

goal achievable. They make work easier, saves time Think of an organization and its main activity.
and more accurate than when manually done. Identify which among those task performed by the
organization makes use of a system and how was it
System Development Life Cycle refers to the overall advantageous on the part of the organization.
process before a system is developed. The
processes involved are requirement analysis, Upon identifying those part of the system, Do yo
design, implementation, testing and evolution wonder how it was created and what prompt the
phases. developer to automate it?

System’s Concept

A System is a set of components that interact with

one another and serve for a common purpose or
goal. Systems may be: (1) abstract or (2) physical

An abstract system is conceptual, a product of a

human mind. That is, it cannot be seen or pointed to
as an existing entity. Social, theological, cultural
systems are abstract systems. None of them can be
photographed, drawn or otherwise physically
pictured. However, they do exist and can be
discussed, studied and analyzed.

A physical system, in contrast, has a material nature.

It is based on material basis rather than on ideas or
theoretical notions.

Objective: Identify the systems used by an

organizations and how does the organization benefit

from them. Task: As an Information Technology student, you

are tasked to create a graphical organizers that
reflects an organizations areas/department, its aggregate of parts, also called a subsystem. The
function and the system it uses, and its simple concept of a component is very powerful. For
users/personnel. Upon creating the graphical example, in case of an automobile we can repair or
organization, list down the advantages of the system upgrade the system by changing individual
and what problems did it solve on the manual components without having to make changes the
system. entire system.

Tools and resources: Online resources, photos, The components are interrelated; that is, the
laptop, organizational data. function of one is somehow tied to the function of the
Here are the systems characteristics that we should
observe while developing a system.

Component is either an irreducible part or an

others. For example, in the Store system the work of one

component, such as producing a daily report of customer All of the components work together to achieve some
orders, may not progress successfully until the work of overall purpose: the system’s reason for existing.
another component is finished, such as ●
sorting customer orders by date of receipt. A system operates within an environment –
everything outside the system’s boundary. The
A system has a boundary, within which all of its environment surrounds the system, both affecting it
components are contained and which establishes the
limits of a system, separating it from other
systems.
 inputs and outputs. Input is anything entering the system
from the environment; Output is anything leaving the
system crossing the boundary to the environment.
Information, energy, and material can be both input and
output in relation to the

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and being affected by it.

The point at which the system meets its environment are

called interface.

A system must face constraints in its functioning

because there are limits to what it can do and how it

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environment.

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can achieve its purpose within its environment.

A system interact with the environment by means of

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There are information systems types listed from this lesson. Reference you
answer from them although
you may have other references.

Objective: Apply the advantages of Data Structures

in programming.

Task: Distinguish the difference of each information

systems then create a graphical organization for
each information system type, its strength and usage
and list down examples of that type.
 Objective: Identify the group members and their role in the
development team along with possible 3
system proposal.

This will enable you to have an idea on how to

identify the needed system proposal on an
organization and the proper identification of role in

the development team base on the strength of each ● Input

member. ● Interface

Task: Identify the role of each member on a Feedback and Control

development team and find a possible library as a
client organization. On a document file, provide the
necessary information.

Tools and resources: Internet, paper, laptop

Congratulations! You can now proceed to the next

System’s Study
module that would guide you on how to developed a
There are 4 methods of systems study namely,
system and the task on each phases. decomposition, cohesion, modularity and
coupling.

Information System
is a collection of interrelated components that
collect, process, store, and provide as output the
information needed to complete a business task.
Let us see if you can remember the main points
raised in this lesson. Below is a summary of these Concepts of Separation
points: Data - raw facts
Information - data organized in a form that human
General Systems Theory can interpret
Data Flows - group of data that move and flow
System - a set of components that interact with one through a system.
another and serve for a common purpose or goal. Processing Logic - describes the steps that
(1) abstract
transform the data.
(2) (2) physical
Two approaches to IS design is process oriented
System’s Characteristics
and data oriented.
There are 9 characteristics of a good system.
Types of Information Systems
● Components
● Transaction processing systems (TPS)
● Boundary
● Management information systems
● Environment
● Executive information systems (EIS)
● Outputs
● Decision support systems (DSS)
● Constraints
● Expert systems (ES)
● Interrelationships
● Communication support systems (CSS)
● Purpose
 ● Office support systems (OSS) ● Analysis and Evaluation
● Drawing up Functional Specifications
● Designing Systems
● Evaluating Systems
Systems Analyst: problem solver
Qualifications of a System Analyst:
Duties of System Analyst ● Analytical Skills
● Management Skills
● Prioritizing Requirements by Consensus ● Technical Skills
● Defining Requirements ● Interpersonal Skills
● Solving Problems

System Analysis andDesign (4th Edition) Allan

Dennis, Barbara Haley Wixom and Roberta M.

Systems Analysis and Design, Alan Dennis and

Barbara Haley Wixom. John Wiley & Sons,
2000

J. Steele, System Analysts: Technology’s Problem

Solver (2000) from
https://tinyurl.com/y43guc7x

N. Tomar, System Analyst: Part 2 (2018) from

https://tinyurl.com/y6gbl4om

Compiled by:

RUBILYN R NONALES, LPT, MIT

Faculty, College of Information and
Technology Education