MATH-105

Co-ordinate Geometry
1. What do you mean by Co-ordinate Geometry? Discuss some application of Co-ordinate Geometry in the
field of engineering or, computer science and engineering.
2. Write down the application of Co-ordinate Geometry in the field of Robotics and Automation.
Transformation of Co-ordinates
Translation of Axes
(1) What do you mean by Transformation of Co-ordinates, Translation of axes and Rotation of Axes?
2) Transform to parallel axes through the point (1, -2) the equation 𝑦 2 – 4𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 8 = 0.
3) Transform the equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 12 = 0 on transferring the origin to (3, -2).
4) Transform to parallel axes through (-2, 2), the equation 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 + 10𝑥 − 10𝑦 + 21 = 0
Rotation of Axes
1. Transform the equation 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 − 2√2 𝑥 − 10√2 𝑦+ = 0 when the axes are turned through
45° .
2. Transform the axes inclined at 45° the equation 𝑥 4 +𝑦 4 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 .
3. Show that the equation 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 0 by transferring to axes through the point (−1,0)
inclined at an angle of 45° with the original axes becomes √2 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 = 0 .
Pair of Straight Lines
a) Write down the general equation of the second degree.
b) To find the condition that the general equation of the second degree may represent two straight lines also
find the Point of intersection of the two lines.
1. Prove that the equation 2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑦 2 + 8𝑥 + 14𝑦 + 8 = 0 represents two straight lines. Find their
point of intersection.
2. Find the value of k so that equation 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑘𝑥 − 6𝑦 − 9 = 0 may represent a pair of straight
lines.
3. For what value of λ will the equation λ𝑥 2 − 10𝑥𝑦 + 12𝑦 2 + 5𝑥 − 16𝑦 − 3 = 0 represent a pair of
straight lines? Find their point of intersection and the angle between these two lines.
4. Find the value of 𝑘 so that the equation 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑘𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 9 = 0 may represent a pair of
straight lines.
5. To find the angle between the lines represented by the equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 = 0 and also find the
condition that the above line may be perpendicular and parallel.
6. Find the angle between the straight lines represented by the equation, 2𝑥 2 − 7𝑥𝑦 + 6𝑦 2 = 0.
7. Find the angle between the pair of straight lines
(i) 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 − 4 = 0
(ii) 2𝑥 2 − 15𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 − 6𝑦 − 7 = 0
8. Prove that the equation 3𝑥 2 − 8𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑥 2 − 29𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 18 = 0
represents two straight lines. Find their point of intersection and the angle between these two lines.

Lines through the Origin and the Points of Intersection of a Line and Curve
1. Find the angle between the lines joining the origin to the intersection of the lines 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 2 = 0 with
the curve 𝑦 2 − 17𝑥𝑦 + 10𝑥 + 16𝑦 − 12 = 0
2. Show that the lines joining the origin to the intersection of 3𝑥 2 + 5𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 =
0 and 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 1 are at right angles.
3. Find the angle between the lines joining the origin to the intersection of the lines 𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 2 = 0 with
the curve 𝑦 2 − 17𝑥𝑦 + 16𝑦 − 12 = 0

The Circle
1. Define with geometrical interpretation: i) Tangent ii) Normal iii) Pole iv) Polar.
Tangent and Normal
1. Find the eqn of the tangent and normal to the circle.
i) x2 + y2 = 169 at the point (5, 12)
ii) x2+ y2-4x+2y+3 = 0 at (1, -2)
2. Find the eqn of the pair of tangents
i) Drawn from (1,2) to the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 0
ii) Drawn from the point (-3,4) to the circle 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 − 4 = 0
Chord of Contacts
3. Find the eqn of the chord of contact of tangents
i) Drawn from (2, 3) to x2 + y2 = 1
ii) Drawn from (1, 2) to x2+y2-2x+4y = 0
Pole and Polar
4. i) Find the polar of the point (-2, -5) with respect to the circle x2+y2-6x+8y+21=0
ii) Find the polar of the point (3, 6) w.r.t the circle x2+y2=4
5. i) Find the pole of the straight line 4𝑥 + 12𝑦 = 9 with respect to the circle 3𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 4 =
0.
ii) Find the pole of the straight line line 2x-y=6 w.r.t the circle 5x2+5y2=9

System of Circle
a) Define Radical Axis, Co-axial circles and limiting points.

1. Find the radical axis of the circles

2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 5 = 0
3𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 − 7𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 11 = 0
2. Find the radical axis of the two circles
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 4 = 0 and
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 5𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4 = 0
Co-axial circles and limiting points
1. Find the equation of the circle co-axial with the circles 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 1 = 0 and 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 +
5𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 3 = 0 which passes through the point (1, 2).
2. Find the equation of the circle co-axial with the circles 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 1 = 0, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 8𝑥 −
6𝑦 = 0 and passing through the point (−1, − 2).
3. Find the co-ordinates of the limiting points of the co-axial system to which the circles 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 +
2𝑦 + 5 = 0 and 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 7 = 0.

Equation of conics
The Parabola
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1. Find the equation of parabola, whose focus is (4 , 1) and directrix is 4𝑥 − 13 = 0.

2. Find the equation of parabola, whose focus is the origin and directrix is 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1 = 0.
3. The cable of a suspension bridge is in the form of a parabola. The roadway is 5m below the lowest
point of the cable. The span of the bridge is 40m and the tops of piers are 10m above the roadway. Find
the length of the latus rectum and coordinate of the focus of the parabola.

The Ellipse
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1. Find the equation to the ellipse, whose focus is the point (−1, 1), eccentricity 2 and directrix is 𝑥 −

𝑦 + 3 = 0.
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2. Find the equation of ellipse with focus at (1,1), eccentricity 2 and directrix 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3 = 0.

3. Find the centre, vertex, foci, length of major and minor axis, latus rectum, eccentricity and directrix of
the ellipse:
i) 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 + 12𝑦+10=0.
ii) 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 − 12𝑦 + 13 = 0.

Polar Equation of Conic

𝑙
1. Prove that, the polar equation of a conic when the focus is the pole, is in the form 𝑟 = 1 + 𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃.

2. Determine the nature and find the length of the latus rectum and eccentricity of the conic whose polar
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equation is 𝑟 = 4−5𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃.

3. Determine the nature and find the length of the latus rectum and eccentricity of the conic whose polar
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equation is 𝑟 = 4−3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃.
 Geometry in 3D

Direction cosines and ratios

1. Define Direction cosines and Direction ratios.
2. If 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼, 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽, 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛾 be the direction cosine of a straight line then show that
i) cos2 𝛼 + cos2 𝛽 + cos 2 𝛾 = 1
ii) sin2 𝛼 + sin2 𝛽 + sin2 𝛾 = 2
3. Find the direction cosines of a line whose direction ratios are 3, 4, 12.
3. Find the angle between the lines whose Dr’s are 2, -1,3 and – 1,3,4.
The Plane
1. Find the angle between the planes 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 0 and 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 5
2. Find the angle between the planes 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 9 and 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 7
3. Find the equation of the plane through the point (1, 2, 3) parallel to 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 5𝑧 = 0.
4. Find the length of the perpendicular from the origin to the plane 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 + 5 = 0.

The Straight line

1. Define Coplanar lines.
𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3 𝑥−2 𝑦−4 𝑧−5
2. Find the shortest distance between the lines = = and = = .
2 3 4 3 4 5
𝑥+3 𝑦−6 𝑧 𝑥+2 𝑦 𝑧−7
3. Find the shortest distance between the lines = = 2 and = = . Also find the equation of
−4 3 −4 1 1

the line of shortest distance.

𝑥+1 𝑦−3 𝑧+2 𝑥 𝑦−7 𝑧+7
4. Show that the lines = = and = = are coplanar. Also find the co-ordinates of point
−3 2 1 1 −3 2

of intersection.

Sphere, Ellipsoid and Hyperboloid.

1. Write down the Standard equation of sphere, ellipsoid, and hyperboloid with figure.