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The document discusses the principles of electromagnetic induction, including the behavior of coils in magnetic fields, the induced electromotive force (emf), and the concepts of self and mutual induction. It explains Faraday's law, Lenz's law, and the continuity equation related to charge conservation in electric circuits. Additionally, it covers the relationship between current, magnetic flux, and the induced emf in various scenarios involving coils and magnetic fields.

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10 views

Adobe Scan 04-Dec-2022

The document discusses the principles of electromagnetic induction, including the behavior of coils in magnetic fields, the induced electromotive force (emf), and the concepts of self and mutual induction. It explains Faraday's law, Lenz's law, and the continuity equation related to charge conservation in electric circuits. Additionally, it covers the relationship between current, magnetic flux, and the induced emf in various scenarios involving coils and magnetic fields.

Uploaded by

sirishanalla19
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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© The magn is ‘anetic field intensity due to a current element i d/is given by > an-1 idx? an 3 ‘The Ratio of Flux density within a particular material per unit length of that material” is #7 7 at az in in :- (IMP) xX X KKK x KX XK X Consider a Rectangular coil PQRS of length '7' and breadth 'b’ in the uniform magnetic field of Induction 'B' as shown in fig. This sides °Q and RS are always normal to the field direction. The normal to the plane of the loop makes an angle '@' with the direction of uniform magnetic field as shown in fig. Let @ current '' flows through the loop. The sides PQ and RS are perpendicu- CHARAN PUBLICATIONS, NALGONDA E 7 Let, i = current in the coll at any instant _ 8= magnetic field induction of radial magnet field in which the coil is suspended. umber of turns in the coil rea of the coil ‘The Torque acting on the coi! is given by N: =i BAN —___,(1) Ise to the coi) impul The Torque acting for an infinitesimal time dt gives an angular imp\ Dut mG Be the total charge passes through th ut, we know that, oem na Total Anguiar Impulse = [ a-ha] ‘change of Angular Momentum, » BAN q= Jo——__,(4) In the final position, the work in will be Coda. Total workdone in ’. we know that, Workdone in twisting = change in KE ligili 50? == Le! 213 i = 10? = 6? —>() If 'T Is the time period of the vibration of coil, then 7-20 ft squaring on both sides CHARAN PUBLICATIONS, NALGt aA from eq'n (5), [multiply with I] Po? = let iret 28 4x2 =|f02 9) ga) 2n from eq'ns (4) & (7), we get BAN q= we 0, 2nBAN _——_——+(8) charge passed through the galvanometer is proportional to the angular deflection , + q=K8, ———>(9) ee K =—.—— =Galvanometer constant eee: 2x BAN and It is also called as the current reduction factor (or) constant of Balli mi Is al the istic galvanometer The amount of current required for unit deflection is known as current . Bperpendicular to the direction of propagation and they are mutually perpendicular to each > 3 other. E and Bin phase. (i) Whenever the magnetic flux linked with a circuit is changed, an emf is induced in the circuit. (il) The magnitude of induced emf is directly proportional to the negative rate of variation of magnetic flux linked with the circuit. If 'py' be the magnetic flux linked with circuit at any Instant and ‘'e' be the induced emf, then {8} turns, then ‘y e -»(42| ) (2) integral form of Faraday's law:- if the coil contains ot m c = SU BLICATIONS, NALGONI Consider a closed curve 'C’ (circuit) which encloses a surface 'S' in a magnetic field. Let 'B’ be the magnetic flux density in the field, hence The magnetic flux through a small area ‘ds’ will ve B: ds. The flux through the entire curve is 45°4,8-d——___ 1) When magnetic flux is changed, an electric field is induced around the curve. We know that, the line Integral of the electric field gives the emf. e=G, £.dl— (2) Acc. to Faraday's law ex d 42) ——) sub" eq'ns (1) & (2) in eq'n (3), then f,8-dt=-4.§ 5. ds| 44) Acc, to integral form of Faraday's law 23) 4,45 §,£.dl = a9st-&—— (1) Acc.to the stoke's theorem ~— >) + §.8.4-§,9. 2}.4—§ sub" eq'n (2), in eq'n (1), we get eS "The direction of the induced current is such that It opposes the change that has induced It Itis known as Lenz's law. Le. If a current is induced by an increasing flux, it will weaken the original flux. PUBLICATIONS, NAI —__TELANGANA, PHYSICS SEM-I& IV TSI] 4 iginal flux. , it will strengthen the or a Grought towards a circular loop as sPovi™ fg. The nen watrthe loop, the magnetic field increases s-. se eg of the loop increases. The induced curra, ‘rom the magnet. So the induced fleld sho. Ta current is induced by a decreasing flux. Consider a magnet is pole faces the loop. As the magnet gets cl hence, the flux of the magnetic field through the ay should weaken the flux. The orighinal field is away in of the curre- be towards the magnet. Using Right-hand Thumb rule, we can find the direction of ure that produces a field towards the magnet. ncreseny 1 decreasing x ce o © When current flows in a closed conducting loop, it produces a magnetic field. This maz netic field has its flux through the area bounded by the loop. If the current with time, the fiur through the loop changes and hence an emf is induced in the loop. This phenamenon is known 2: “self Induction". ‘The magnetic field at any point due to a current is directly proportional to the current. The magnetic flux through: the area bounded by a current - carrying loop is propertional to the current. then ogci $2 = Li] ——— (1) Where, L=coefficient of self Induction (or) self Inductance of the loop. from eqin (1) =>, when i=1 Amp, $=L. ‘The coefficient of self induction is numerically equal to the magnetic flux linke it loop when unit current flows through it". it is denoted by 'L’. eee The Induced emf 's' is given by = zdbp corte, “ @) sub" eq’n (1), in.ea’n (2), we get Suppose two colls placed near to each other [P & S as shown in fi i " 19-], when passed in the primary coll 'P, there is a change of magnetic flux linked with it, and a. ate emf is'set in the secondary coll 'S'. This phenomenon is called Mutual Induction, " Let a current 'I'In primary coll'P’ produces a magnetic flux '' in the secondary coil'S itis observed that the flux linked with the secondary coll is directly proportional to the current in * rimary coll therefore, baci ‘ [te = Mi] —___,1) M= coefficient of mutual Induction, (or) Mutual Inductance, ‘i s the flux linked with a circuit, due to a unit current flowing through the other. > ‘The emf induced in the secondary coil is given by de , 's the emf induced in the circuit, when the rate of decay of current in the other circuit is unity. : If the same current ‘is passed in the second circuit and the flux is calculated through the area bounded by the first (primary coil] circuit, the same proportinality constant 'M' appeers. If there are more than one turns in a circuit, one has to add the flux through each turn. 2) Continuity Equation:-(V.IMP) mone Y | Flow out ‘| RBs * SEEK Rex . A v Consider a conductor of volume 'V' bounded by a surface 'S' as shown in fig. Let a charge isflows out of the conductor. but we know that, Acc. to the principle of conservation of charge, Total current flowing out some volume must be equal to the rate d¥dacrease of charge within the | volume, ——>() or If 'p! is the volume charge density, then q= Sub" eq’n (2), in eq'n (1), we get Pv ———>(2) but, we know that from eqns (3) & (4), we get PUBLICATIONS, NALGONDA TELANGANA, PHYSICS EMM & IV [53 v.J+ Bao —— (9) €q'n (9) Is also called as continuity equation (or) conservation equation, - (Ve, -IMP) ‘Acc. to Differential form of Ampere's law eee

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