Engineering Mechanics

(AF-117)

DYNAMICS :

 Motion of Connected Bodies, Motion Along an Inclined Plane

 Instantaneous Centre in Plane Motion
 Principle of Conservation of Momentum
 Mass Moment of Inertia in Rotational Motion
 Impulse & Momentum
 Impact
 Work Power & Energy
 D’Alembert’s Principle
 Vibrations of Single Degree

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MECHANICS
Branch of physical science concerned with the
state of rest or motion of bodies that are
subjected to the action of forces.

Rigid
MECHANICS
Force Deformable

MECHANICS MECHANICS OF
MECHANICS OF
OF RIGID DEFORMABLE Fluids
FLUIDS
BODIES (EM ) BODIES

Deformation

ENGINEERING
MECHANICS

STATICS DYNAMICS
It deals with the study It deals with the study
of bodies at rest. of bodies in motion

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Dynamics
Branch of mechanics which deals with analysis
of bodies under motion.

First significant contributions in dynamics was

made by Galileo (1564-1642) and Newton (1642-
1727)

Kinematics
It is a sub branch of dynamics which is used to
relate displacement, velocity, acceleration and
time without reference to cause of motion. It
treats only the geometric aspects of the motion.

Kinetics
It is a study of relation existing between forces
acting on a body, mass of a body and motion of
the body. It is used to predict motion caused by
given forces or to determine force needed to
produce given motion.
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 DYNAMICS

KINEMATICS KINETICS
Motion
Motion Parameters:
Parameters:
Space, Velocity,
Space, Velocity, Acceleration,
Acceleration, Time +
Time
Force, Mass
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Domains under Kinematics

• Rectilinear Motion
• Curvilinear Motion
• Relative Velocity
• Motion of Connected Bodies
• Projectiles
• Plane Motion

Approach to Kinematic Problems :

Differential Equations
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 Domains under Kinematics

• Particle: It has mass but negligible size and shape.

• Rectilinear motion: Position, Velocity, and Acceleration of
a particle as it moves along a straight line. Particle moving
along a straight line is said to be in rectilinear motion.

• Curvilinear motion: Position, Velocity, and Acceleration of

a particle as it moves along a curved line. A particle
moving along a curve other than a straight line is said to
be in curvilinear motion

FUNDAMENTAL DEFINITIONS
KINEMATICS

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DISPLACEMENT : Change in the position of an
object with direction taken into consideration. It is
a vector quantity = [-X2]

DISTANCE : The total movement of an object

without any regard to direction. It is a scalar
quantity = [X1+X2]

O
X2 X1

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VELOCITY : The rate of change of the object’s

position with respect to time. (dx/dt)

ACCELERATION : The ratio of change in velocity

during a given time interval. (dv/dt)
Displacement (x) =
area under curve of
velocity- time

δ V=0 v

V = +ve V = -ve
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t t
Uniformly Accelerated Rectilinear Motion

v t
dv
 a  constant  dv  a  dt v  v 0  at
dt v0 0
v  v 0  at
x t
dx
dt
 v0  at  dx   v0  at dt x  x0  v0t  12 at 2
x0 0

x  x0  v0t  12 at 2

v 2  v02   ax  x0 
v x
dv 1
v  a  constant  v dv  a  dx 2
dx v0 x0

v  2
v02  2 a  x  x0 
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Example
Consider particle moving in a straight line, assume
its position as x = 6t2-t3 where, t is in seconds and
x in meters. Find out velocity and acceleration at
t = 2 s and t = 4 s.

Differentiating,
v = 12t-3t2
a = 12-6t
At t = 2 => v = 12 m/s and a = 0 m/s2
At t = 4 => v = 0 m/s and a = -12 m/s2
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Domains under Kinetics

• Newton’s Second Law

• Work , Power, Energy
• Impulse & Momentum
• Simple Harmonic Motion

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Approach to Kinetics Problems

Forces and Velocities and Velocities

Accelerations Displacements and Time

Impulse-
Newton’s Momentum
Work-Energy
Second Law
  
  maG T1 U12  T2  t2 
F m v1  
t1
F dt  m v 2

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 FUNDAMENTAL DEFINITIONS
KINETICS

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MASS : Mass is defined as the matter contained in

the body.

WEIGHT : It is defined as the force by which the

body is attracted towards the center of the earth.

MOMENTUM : It is the quantity of motion

possessed by the body moving in a straight line.
i.e. The product of mass of the body and it’s
velocity.

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FORCE : It is defined as an agent which either
produces or stops the motion in a rigid object. It
is expressed in N , kN.

INERTIA : It is an inherent property of a body which

offers resistance to change in it’s state of rest or of
uniform motion.

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When the body is at rest or moving in a straight

line or rotating about an axis , it obeys certain
laws.

These laws are often known as LAWS OF MOTION.

Among all the other laws , Newton's laws are most
prominent.

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Newton’s first law of motion :
It states “ Every body continues to be in it’s state of rest
or uniform motion, along a straight line, unless it is acted
upon by some unbalanced external force to change it’s
state.”

Newton’s second law of motion :

It states “ The rate of change of momentum is directly
proportional to the external force acting on the body
and takes place in the direction of the straight line in
which the force acts.”

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This law enables us to measure the force acting on

the body and to establish the fundamental equation
of dynamics.
Let,
M = mass of the body,
V0 = Initial velocity of the body, and if
V = Final velocity of the body
F = force acting on the body for time t,
a = Uniform acceleration of the body for time t

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Momentum is the product of mass and velocity.
Initial Momentum = m . V0
Final Momentum = m . V
Change in momentum 
= m . V - m . V0
Rate of Change of momentum 
[ m . V - m . V0 ] / t
= m [ V - Vo ] / t
= ma (i)
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