Table of the Content

Index

Unit – 2 ⇝ Numerical Solutions of First Order ODE (Lab - Manual) ................. 2

1) Method 1 ⇝ Euler’s Method ................................................................................................. 2

2) Method 2 ⇝ Modified Euler’s Method.................................................................................. 3

3) Method 3 ⇝ Third Order Runge - Kutta Method .................................................................. 4

4) Method 4 ⇝ Fourth Order Runge - Kutta Method ................................................................ 5
5) Method 5 ⇝ Milne’s Method ................................................................................................ 6
6) Method 6 ⇝ Adam’s-Bashforth Method ............................................................................... 7

Mathematics – II (2301HS201)
B.Tech. 2024(e) – Page 1
Unit 2 – Numerical Solutions of First Order ODE

Unit – 2 ⇝ Numerical Solutions of First Order ODE

(Lab - Manual)

Method 1 ⇝ Euler’s Method

dy
A 1 Consider = x + y with y(0) = 1.
dx
Use Euler’s method to find y(0.1) and y(0.2), where h = 0.05.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐲(𝟎. 𝟏) = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟎𝟓𝟎, 𝐲(𝟎. 𝟐) = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟑𝟏𝟎

dy
A 2 Use Euler’s method to find y(2) for = x + 2y, y(1) = 1 and h = 0.2.
dx

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐲(𝟐) = 𝟖. 𝟏𝟔𝟏𝟗

dy 2x
B 3 Use Euler ′ s method to find y(0.2) for =y− , y(0) = 1 & h = 0.05.
dx y

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐲(𝟎. 𝟐) = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟔

B 4 Use Euler’s method to find approximate value of y at x = 0.1 for the initial
dy
value problem = x − y 2 , y(0) = 1 and h = 0.02.
dx

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐲(𝟎. 𝟏) = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟏𝟏𝟑

dy
C 5 Solve initial value problem = x√ y , y(1) = 1 and hence find y(1.5) by
dx
taking h = 0.1 using Euler’s method.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐲(𝟏. 𝟓) = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟕
C 6 Use Euler’s method to find the approximate value of y at x = 1.3 by taking
dy y−x
h = 0.1 for = , y(1) = 2.
dx √ xy

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐲(𝟏. 𝟑) = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟒

Mathematics – II (2301HS201)
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Unit 2 – Numerical Solutions of First Order ODE

Method 2 ⇝ Modified Euler’s Method

dy
A 1 Given that = y − x, y(0) = 2. Find y(0.2) using second order RK
dx
method correct up to four decimal places. Take h = 0.1.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐲(𝟎. 𝟐) = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟐𝟏𝟎

dy
A 2 Given that y = 1.3 when x = 1 and = 3x + y.
dx
Use Modified Euler ′ s method to find y when x = 1.2 and h = 0.1.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐲(𝟏. 𝟐) = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟏𝟑𝟓

dy
A 3 Given that = x + y 2 and y = 1 at x = 0. Find an approximate value of y
dx
at x = 0.3 by Modified Euler method in three steps.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐲(𝟎. 𝟑) = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟖𝟐𝟎

dy
B 4 Use 2nd order Runge − Kutta method to find y(1.1) provided = x2 + y2
dx
with y(1) = 1 and h = 0.05.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐲(𝟏. 𝟏) = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟑𝟑𝟖

dy
B 5 Given that = log(x + y) , y(1) = 2. Find an approximate value of y
dx
at x = 1.2 and x = 1.4 by Modified Euler method. Take h = 0.2.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐲(𝟏. 𝟐) = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟑𝟐𝟖, 𝐲(𝟏. 𝟒) = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟗𝟏𝟕

dy
C 6 Given that y(1.2) = 1.6403 and = 2 + √ xy .
dx
Use Modified Euler ′ s method to find y when x = 1.6 and h = 0.2.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐲(𝟏. 𝟔) = 𝟑. 𝟏𝟔𝟔𝟑

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Unit 2 – Numerical Solutions of First Order ODE

Method 3 ⇝ Third Order Runge - Kutta Method

dy
A 1 Given that = x + y, y(1) = 2, h = 0.1.
dx
Find y(1.2) and y(1.3) by 3rd Order RK method.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐲(𝟏. 𝟐) = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟖𝟓𝟔, 𝐲(𝟏. 𝟑) = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟗𝟗𝟒

dy
A 2 Given that = x 2 + y, y(1) = 1.
dx
Find y(1.2) by 3rd Order RK method for h = 0.1.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐲(𝟏. 𝟐) = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟖𝟖𝟒

dy x−y
B 3 Given that = , y(0) = 1.
dx 2
Find y(2) by 3rd Order RK method for h = 1.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐲(𝟐) = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟗𝟓𝟏

dy x−y
B 4 Given that = , y(1) = 1.
dx xy
Find y(1.1) by 3rd Order RK method for h = 0.05.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐲(𝟏. 𝟏) = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟓

dy y 2 − 2x
C 5 Given that = 2 , y(0) = 1.
dx y +x
Find y(0.1) and y(0.2) by 3rd Order RK method for h = 0.1.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐲(𝟎. 𝟏) = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟖𝟕𝟑, 𝐲(𝟎. 𝟐) = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟓𝟓𝟔

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Unit 2 – Numerical Solutions of First Order ODE

Method 4 ⇝ Fourth Order Runge - Kutta Method

A 1 Using Runge − Kutta fourth order method to find y(0.2).
dy
= x + y, y(0) = 1 and h = 0.1.
dx

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐲(𝟎. 𝟐) = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟒𝟐𝟗

A 2 Apply Runge − Kutta fourth order method to find an approximate value of
dy
y when x = 0.2 in step size of 0.1 for = x + y 2 , y = 1 when x = 0.
dx

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐲(𝟎. 𝟏) = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟏𝟔𝟓, 𝐲(𝟎. 𝟐) = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟕𝟑𝟔

dy
B 3 Given that = y + x 3 , y(0) = 2.
dx
Compute y(0.2) and y(0.4) by 4th Order RK method.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐲(𝟎. 𝟐) = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟒𝟑𝟐, 𝐲(𝟎. 𝟒) = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟗𝟎𝟔

B 4 Apply Runge − Kutta fourth order method to calculate y(0.2) and y(0.4).
dy 2x
Given that =y− , y(0) = 1.
dx y

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐲(𝟎. 𝟐) = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟖𝟑𝟐, 𝐲(𝟎. 𝟒) = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟒𝟏𝟔

C 5 Use fourth order Runge − Kutta method to find the value of y at x = 1.
dy y−x
Given that = such that y(0) = 1. (Take h = 0.5)
dx y+x

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐲(𝟏) = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟗𝟗𝟏

dy y2 − x2
C 6 Use Runge − Kutta method of fourth order solve = 2 with
dx y + x2
y(0) = 1 at x = 0.2 with a step size 0.1.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐲(𝟎. 𝟐) = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟗𝟔𝟎

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Unit 2 – Numerical Solutions of First Order ODE

Method 5 ⇝ Milne’s Method

Example of Method-5: Milne’s Method
dy
A 1 Given
1 that = 1 + xy 2 , y(0) = 1, y(0.1) = 1.105,
dx
y(0.2) = 1.223, y(0.3) = 1.355, Evaluate y(0.4) using Milne’s Method.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟏. 𝟓𝟑𝟖
dy
A 2 Given
2 that = x + y, y(0) = 1, y(0.1) = 1.1103,
dx
y(0.2) = 1.2428, y(0.3) = 1.3997, Evaluate y(0.4) using Milne’s Method.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟏. 𝟓𝟖𝟑𝟔
dy
A 3 Given
1 that = 2ex − y, y(0) = 2, y(0.1) = 2.010,
dx
y(0.2) = 2.040, y(0.3) = 2.090, Evaluate y(0.4) using Milne’s Method.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟐. 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝟑
dy 1
B 4 Given
2 that = , y(0) = 2, y(0.2) = 2.0933,
dx x+y
y(0.4) = 2.1755, y(0.6) = 2.2493, Evaluate y(0.8) using Milne’s Method.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟐. 𝟑𝟏𝟔𝟒
dy
C 5 Given
1 that = x(x 2 + y 2 )e−x , y(0) = 1, Find y at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 by
dx
Taylor’s series and evaluate y(0.4) using Milne’s Method.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟏. 𝟎𝟕𝟏
dy
C 6 Given
2 that = x − y 2 , y(0) = 0, Find y at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 by
dx
Taylor’s series and evaluate y(0.4) using Milne’s Method.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟎. 𝟑𝟎𝟒𝟕

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Unit 2 – Numerical Solutions of First Order ODE

Method 6 ⇝ Adam’s-Bashforth Method

Example of Method-6: Adam’s-Bashforth Method
dy
A 1 Given that = x − y 2 , y(0) = 0, y(0.2) = 0.0200, y(0.4) = 0.0795,
dx
y(0.6) = 0.1762, Evaluate y(0.8) using Adam’s-Bashforth Method.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟎. 𝟐𝟒𝟏𝟔
dy xy
A 2 Given that = , y(0) = 1, y(0.1) = 1.0025, y(0.2) = 1.0101,
dx 2
y(0.3) = 1.0228, Evaluate y(0.4) using Adam’s-Bashforth Method.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟏. 𝟎𝟒𝟎𝟖
dy
A 3 Given that = x 2 − y, y(0) = 1, y(0.1) = 0.90516, y(0.2) = 0.82127,
dx
y(0.3) = 0.74918, Evaluate y(0.4) using Adam’s-Bashforth Method.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟎. 𝟔𝟖𝟗𝟕
dy
A 4 Given that = 0.5xy, y(0) = 1, y(0.1) = 1.0025, y(0.2) = 1.0101,
dx
y(0.3) = 1.0228, Evaluate y(0.4) using Adam’s-Bashforth Method.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟏. 𝟎𝟒𝟎𝟖
dy
C 5 Given that = 3ex + 2y, y(0) = 0, Find y at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 by
dx
Runge - Kutta method and evaluate y(0.4) using Adam’s – Bashforth Method.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟐. 𝟐𝟎𝟖𝟗
dy
C 6 Given that = 2ex − y, y(0) = 2, Find y at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 by
dx
Taylor’s series and evaluate y(0.4) using Adam’s – Bashforth Method.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟐. 𝟏𝟔𝟏𝟓

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