Scribd
Upload
2 views4 pages

General Chemistry

The experiment aimed to determine the unknown concentration of an acid through acid-base titration using standardized solutions of HCl and NaOH. The procedure involved measuring volumes, adding phenolphthalein as an indicator, and calculating molarity based on the titration results. The conclusion highlighted the importance of controlled conditions for accuracy and suggested repeating the experiment for better results.

Uploaded by

chrismangala11
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views4 pages

General Chemistry

The experiment aimed to determine the unknown concentration of an acid through acid-base titration using standardized solutions of HCl and NaOH. The procedure involved measuring volumes, adding phenolphthalein as an indicator, and calculating molarity based on the titration results. The conclusion highlighted the importance of controlled conditions for accuracy and suggested repeating the experiment for better results.

Uploaded by

chrismangala11
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

COURSE NAME: GENERAL CHEMISTRY (CHEM110)

Faculty of Basic Sciences and Humanities

EXPERIMENT TITLE: ACIDE-BASE TITRATION


(NEUTRALISATION)

STUDENT NAME: HYDRISS TSHWALA MANGALA


REPORT

AIM OF EXPERIMENT : to determine unknown acid concentration

MATERIALS / EQUIPEMENTS :

Materials : Equipments :

-Standarlized 0.100 M HCl solution - Burette

-0.1M NaOH solution - Pipette

-H2SO4 Solution of unknown concentration - 50-100 ml Erlenmeyer Flask -Phenolphtalein indicator

THEORY

An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water. It is mostly shown in chemical
equations by appending (aq) to the relevant chemical formula. For example, a solution of table salt,
or sodium chloride (NaCl), in water would be represented as Na+(aq) + Cl−(aq). Reactions in aqueous
solutions are usually metathesis reactions. Metathesis reactions are another term for double-
displacement; that is, when a cation displaces to form an ionic bond with the other anion. The cation
bonded with the latter anion will dissociate and bond with the other anion.

Aqueous solutions that conduct electric current efficiently contain strong electrolytes, while ones
that conduct poorly are considered to have weak electrolytes. Those strong electrolytes are
substances that are completely ionized In water, whereas the weak electrolytes exhibit only a small
degree of ionization in water.

Neutralization reaction is represented by the following equation :

2HCl(aq)+Ba (OH)2(aq)→BaCl2(aq)+2H2O(l)

Now two moles of HCl would be required to neutralize one mole of Ba (OH)2. The mole ratio ensures
that the number of moles of H+ ions supplied by the acid is equal to the number of OH− ions supplied
by the base. This must be the case for neutralization to occur.

The equivalence point is the point in a neutralization reaction where the number of moles of
hydrogen ions is equal to the number of moles of hydroxide ions.

In the laboratory, it is useful to have an experiment where the unknown concentration of an acid or a
base can be determined. This can be accomplished by performing a controlled neutralization
reaction. A titration is an experiment where a volume of a solution of known concentration is added
to a volume of another solution in order to determine its concentration. Many titrations are acid-
base neutralization reactions, though other types of titrations can also be performed.

In order to perform an acid-base titration, the chemist must have a way to visually detect that the
neutralization reaction has occurred. An indicator is a substance that has a distinctly different color
when in an acidic or basic solution. A commonly used indicator for strong acid-strong base titrations
is phenolphthalein. Solutions in which a few drops of phenolphthalein have been added turn from
colorless to brilliant pink as the solution turns from acidic to basic.

PROCEDURES

1.Using the pipette, take 25ml of HCl 0.100M in an Erlenmeyer

2.Fill a burette with 0.1M of NaOH

3 Adding one or two drops of phenolphtalein to the solution and then start shaking.

4. After stirring, when the color of the acidic solution begins to change close the tap.

5. the pink flower persists when the end point is reached.

6. Start the calculation taking into account the volume of the acid and the volume of the added
base, you can now calculate the molarity of the NaOH solution.

RESULTS/ CALCULATIONS

Standardize NaOH To determine unknow acid

Vi = 0.0 ml ; Vf = 9.4 ml Vf = 36.7 ml ; Vi = 9.4 ml

M1 V1= M2 ( Vf-Vi ) M1 V1 = M2 (Vf- Vi)

0.1M HCl x 10 ml = M2 (9.4-0) M1 10 = 0.106 (36.7- 9.4)

M2 = 0.1X10 / 9.4 M1= 0.106 X 27.3 / 10

M2 = 0.106M M1= 0.29M

OBSERVATION

The first and the second solution had turned pink. Phenolphthalein is a colourless, weak acid which
dissociates in water forming pink anions. Under acidic conditions, the equilibrium is to the left,and
the concentration of the anions is too low for the pink colour to be observed.
CONCLUSION

The purpose of this lab was to give us experience titrating and standardizing bases and acids. We
were able to learn how to use an indicator to show us where the equivalence point was. We also
learned how to calculate M of base with the formula used in the calculations. We couldn’t account
for the atmosphere in the lab so this led to suboptimal conditions. We could solve this by using a
controlled environment for the experiment to take place in to avoid losing any KHP. We could have
also redone the experiment multiple times to get more accurate results. The experiment would need
to be repeated to test accuracy of results.

You might also like