MOTION 1

CHAPTER

 Two dimensional motion A particle

moving along a curved path in a plane has
CONTENTS 2-dimensional motion.
 Introduction Three dimensional motion Particle
moving randomly in space has 3-dimensional
 Types of motion motion.

 Terms used to define motion  According to state of motion

Uniform Motion
 Equations of Motion A body is said to be in a state of uniform
motion if it travels equal distances in equal
 Body falling freely under gravity
intervals of time.
 Various Graphs Related to  If the time distance graph is a straight line the
Motion motion is said to be uniform motion.
Non-uniform motion
 Circular Motion
 A body has a non-uniform motion if it travels
unequal distances in equal intervals of time.
Ex. a freely falling body.
 INTRODUCTION  Time - distance graph for a body with non-
When a body does not change its position with uniform motion is a curved line.
time, we can say that the body is at rest, while if 
a body changes its position with time, it is said to
 TERMS USED TO DEFINE MOTION
be in motion. 
 An object is said to be a point object if it (i) Distance and displacement
changes its position by distances which are (ii) Speed and velocity
much greater than its size. (iii) Acceleration
 A point or some stationary object with respect 
to which a body continuously changes its (i) Distance & Displacement
position in the state of motion is known as  The path length between the initial and final
origin or reference point. positions of the particle gives the distance
covered by the particle.
 TYPES OF MOTION
 The minimum distance between the initial
 According to Directions and final positions of a body during that time
  One dimensional motion is the motion of
interval is called displacement
a particle moving along a straight line.
 Distance and displacement both are measured
in meter in m.k.s. system.
 Difference between distance and (i) Displacement of the body in first 2 seconds.
displacement (ii) Total distance travelled in 7 seconds.
 Distance travelled is a scalar quantity while (iii) Displacement in 7 seconds
displacement is a vector quantity. 100
80

Distance (m)
When a body continuously moves in the same 60
B C D
40
straight line and in the same direction then 20
displacement will be equal to the distance A
O E
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
travelled. But if the body changes its direction Time (s)
while moving, then the displacement is Displacement-time graph

smaller than the distance travelled. Sol. (i) Displacement of the body in first 2s = 40m
Displacement  Distance (ii) From t = 0 to t = 7 s, the body has moved a
distance of 80 m from origin and it has again
Displacement in any interval of time may be
come back to origin. Therefore, the total
zero, positive or negative where as distance
distance covered = 80 × 2 = 160 m
cannot be negative..
(iii) Since the body has come back to its initial
Ex.1 A person travels a distance of 5 m towards position, the displacement is zero.
east, then 4 m towards north and then 2 m
towards west. (ii) Speed and Velocity
(i) Calculate the total distance travelled.
 The 'distance' travelled by a body in unit time
(ii) Calculate the resultant displacement.
interval is called its speed. When the position
Sol. (i) Total distance travelled by the person
of a body changes in particular direction, then
= 5 m + 4 m + 2 m = 11 m
speed is denoted by 'velocity'. i.e. the rate of
(ii) To calculate the resultant displacement, we
change of displacement of a body is called its
choose a convenient scale, where 1 cm
Velocity.
represents 1 m. We draw a 5 cm long line AB
 
Speed is a scalar quantity while velocity
towards east and then 4 cm long line BC
is a vector quantity.
towards north. Finally, a 2 cm long line CD
dis tance
towards west. The resultant displacement is   Speed =
time
calculated by joining the initial position A to
displaceme nt
the final position D. We measure AB = 5 cm.   Velocity =
time
Since 1 cm = 1 m
  Unit : In M.K.S. system = ms–1
 5 cm = 5 m
In C.G.S. system = cm/s
Hence, the displacement of the person
  If time distance graph is given then speed can
= 5m towards AD.
be given by the slope of the line, at given time
D 2m C
s
  v= = slope
R  32  4 2 4m
t

s s
A 5m B 
t
Ex.2 A body is moving in a straight line. Its t
distances from origin are shown with time in The area of velocity time graph gives
Fig. A, B, C, D and E represent different parts displacement travelled.
of its motion. Find the following :
 Types of speed Ex.3 The distance between two points A and B is
(a) Average and Instantaneous speed 100 m. A person moves from A to B with a
Average speed : speed of 20 m/s and from B to A with a speed
It is obtained by dividing the total distance of 25 m/s. Calculate average speed and
travelled by the total time interval. i.e. average velocity.
total dis tan ce Sol. (i) Distance from A to B = 100 m
average speed = Distance from B to A = 100 m
total time
Thus, total distance = 200 m
displaceme nt
Average velocity  Time taken to move from A to B, is given by
total time
distance 100
 Average speed is a scalar, while average t1 = = = 5 seconds
velocity 20
velocity is a vector.
Time taken from B to A, is given by
  For a moving body average speed can never
distance 100
be –ve or zero (unless t ), while average t2 = = = 4 seconds
velocity 25

velocity can be i.e. vav > 0 while v av > = or < 0 Total time taken = t1 + t2 = 5 + 4 = 9 sec.
 In general average speed is not equal to  Average speed of the person
magnitude of average velocity. However it Total distance covered 200
can be so if the motion is along a straight line = = m/s = 22.2 m/s
Total time taken 9
without change in direction
(ii) Since person comes back to initial position A,
 If a particle travels distances L1, L2, L3 at
displacement will be zero, resulting zero
speeds v1, v2, v3 etc respectively, then average velocity.

vav =
s L  L 2  .....  L n
= 1 =
 Li Ex.4 A car moves with a speed of 40 km/hr for
t L1 L 2 Ln L first hour, then with a speed of 60 km/hr for

v1 v 2
 .... 
vn v i
i next half hour and finally with a speed of 30
 If a particle travels at speeds v1, v2 etc for 1
km/hr for next 1 hours. Calculate the
intervals t1, t2 etc respectively, then 2
average speed of the car.
vav =
v1 t1  v 2 t 2  ....
=
v t
1 1
Sol. Distance travelled in first hour, is given by
t 1  t 2  .... t 1 s1 = speed × time = 40 km/hr × 1 hr = 40 km
Instantaneous speed : Distance travelled in next half an hour, is
given by
The speed of a body at a particular instant of
1
time is called its instantaneous speed. s2 = speed × time = 60 km/hr × hr = 30 km
2
s ds 1
= lim  Distance travelled in last 1 hours, is given by
t  0 t dt 2
(b) Uniform and Non uniform speed 3
s3 = speed × time = 30 km/hr × hr = 45 km
Uniform speed : 2
If an object covers equal distance in equal Thus, total distance travelled = s1 + s2 + s3
interval of time, then time speed graph of an = 40 + 30 + 45 = 115 km
1 1
object is a straight line parallel to time axis Total time taken = 1 + + 1 = 3 hours
2 2
then body is moving with a uniform speed.
  Average speed =
Non-uniform speed : Total distance covered 115km
If the speed of a body is changing with = =38.33 km/hr
Total time taken 3hrs
respect to time it is moving with a non-
uniform speed.
Ex.5 Figure shows time distance graph of an Sol. Distance travelled in first 8s is given by area
object. Calculate the following : OABCG
(i) Which part of the graph shows that the body = area of rectangle OAMG
is at rest ? + area of triangle BMC
(ii) Average speed in first 10 s. 1
= 8 × 60 + × 4 × 40 = 480 + 80 = 560 m.
2
(iii) Speeds in different parts of motion.
(iii) Acceleration
100 B C
80
Distance (m)

60  Rate of change of velocity is called

40 D
20 A E acceleration. It is a vector quantity
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
vu
Time (s) i.e. a =
t
Distance-time graph  Unit of acceleration = m/s2 or ms–2
 Types of acceleration
Sol. (i) The part BC shows that the body is at rest.  Uniform & Non uniform acceleration
(ii) In first 10 seconds, distance travelled = 100m Uniform acceleration
Distance covered If a body travels in a straight line and its
 Thus, average speed =
Time taken velocity increases by equal amounts in equal
100 intervals of time then it is said to be in state
= = 10 m/s of uniform acceleration.
10
(iii) Speed of the object in part AB is given by e.g. motion of a freely falling body.

100
Non uniform acceleration
slope = = 50/3 m/s A body has a non-uniform acceleration if its
6
velocity increases by unequal amounts in
Speed of object in part BC = 0 m/s
equal intervals of time.
Speed of the object in part CD
Instantaneous acceleration 
100  40 60
= = = 30 m/s The acceleration of a body at any instant is
12  10 2
called its instantaneous acceleration.
Speed of object in part DE
 If the velocity of a body decreases, then it
40  0 40
= = = 20m/s will experience a negative acceleration which
14  12 2
is called deceleration or retardation.
 Acceleration is determined by the slope
Ex.6 Time-velocity graph of a particle is shown in
of time-velocity graph.
Figure. Calculate the distance travelled in
dv
first seconds. tan  =
dt
100 C
(i) If the time velocity graph is a straight line,
80
A B M acceleration remains constants.
60
Velocity(m/s)

40 (ii) If the slope of the straight line is positive,

20
0
E F G D positive acceleration occurs.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(iii) If the slope of the straight line is negative,
Time(s)
negative acceleration or retardation occurs.
Ex.7 Time-velocity graph of a body is shown in the seconds. Calculate the acceleration of the
figure. Find its acceleration in m/s2. bicycle in both the cases.
Sol. As it is clear from the figure, Sol. (i) Initial velocity, u = 0, final velocity,
At t = 0 s, v = 20 m/s v = 6 m/s, time, t = 30 s
At t = 4 s, v = 80 m/s
Using the equation v = u + at, we have
Change in velocity
 Acceleration, a = vu
Time interval a=
t
80
substituting the given values of u, v and t in
Velocity (m/s)

60
the above equation, we get
40
20 60
a= = 0.2 m/s2 ;
0 1 2 3 4 30
Time(hrs) which is positive acceleration.
v v v (80  20) m / s
= = 2 1 = 15m/s2 (ii) Initial velocity, u = 6 m/s, final velocity,
t t 2  t1 ( 4  0)
v = 4 m/s, time, t = 5 s, then
Ex.8 Time-velocity graph of a particle is shown in
vu 46
figure. Find its instantaneous acceleration at a= = = –0.4 m/s2 ;
t 5
following intervals :
C which is retardation.
100
80 Note : The acceleration of the case (i) is
A B
60 positive and is negative in the case (ii).
M
Velocity(m)

40
20
0 E F G D  EQUATIONS OF MOTION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time(s) Motion under uniform acceleration
 (a)1st Equation of motion
Consider a body having initial velocity 'u'.
(i) at t = 3s
Suppose it is subjected to a uniform
(ii) at t = 6s
acceleration 'a' so that after time 't' its final
(iii) at t = 9s
velocity becomes 'v'. Now we know,
Sol. (i) Instantaneous acceleration at t = 3s, is given
change in velocity
by Acceleration =
Time
a = slope of line AB = zero
vu
(ii) Instantaneous acceleration at t = 6 s, is given a=
t
by a = slope of line
or v = u + at …..(i)
CM 100  60
BC = = = – 10 m/s2
BM 84
(b)2nd Equation of motion
(iii) Instantaneous acceleration at t = 9 s, is given
  Suppose a body has an initial velocity 'u' and
0  100
by a = slope of line CD = = –50 m/s2 uniform acceleration 'a' for time 't' so that its
10  8
final velocity becomes 'v'. The distance
Ex.9 Starting from rest, Deepak paddles his bicycle
travelled by moving body in time 't' is 's' then
to attain a velocity of 6 m/s in 30 seconds
the average velocity = (v + u)/2.
then he applies brakes so that the velocity of
Distance travelled = Average velocity × time
the bicycle comes down to 4 m/s in the next 5
  u v  u  u  at   BODY FALLING FREELY UNDER GRAVITY
s=  t  s =  t (as v = u + at)
 2   2 
Assuming u = 0 for a freely falling body :
 2u  at  2ut  at 2 t is given h is given v is given
s=   t s =
 2  2
2h v
1 v  gt t t
s = ut + at 2 ……(ii) g g
2 1
h  gt 2 v2
2 v  2gh
rd
(c)3 Equation of motion h
2g
  Distance travelled = Average velocity x time s v a
uv g
s=  t ……(iii)  tan = g
 2  t t t

vu
from equation (i) t=  Body is projected vertically up :
a Taking initial position as origin and direction
Substituting the value of t in equation (iii), of motion (i.e. vertically up) as positive.
(a) At the highest point v = 0
 vu  vu (b) a = – g
we get s =   
 a  2 
t is given h is given u is given
 v2  u 2  u
s =   u = gt t= 2h / g t=
 g
 2a 
1 2 u= u2
h= gt 2gh h=
 2as = v2 – u2 or 2 2g
v2 = u2 + 2as….(iv) s u2/2g u a
+ +
 The equations of motion under gravity can be u/g 0
0 2u/g g t
obtained by replacing acceleration by t u/g t –
–
acceleration due to gravity (g) and can be It is clear that in case of motion under gravity
written as follows : (a) Time taken to go up is equal to the time taken
to fall down through the same distance.
 When the body is coming towards the centre (b) The speed with which a body is projected up
of earth is equal to the speed with which it comes
back to the point of projection.
1 2 (c) The body returns to the starting point with the
(a) v = u + gt (b) h = ut + gt
2 same speed with which it was thrown.
(c) v2 = u2 + 2gh Ex.10 A body starts moving with an initial velocity
 When a body is thrown upwards with some 50 m/s and acceleration 20 m/s2. How much
initial velocity, then a retardation produced distance it will cover in 4s ? Also, calculate
its average speed during this time interval.
due to attraction of the earth. In equations of
Sol. Given : u = 50 m/s, a = 20 m/s2,
motion, a is replaced by (–g) and thus t = 4s, s = ?
equations become. 1 1
s = ut + at2 = 50 × 4 + × 20 × (4)2
1 2 2 2
(a) v = u – gt (b) h = ut – gt = 200 + 160 = 360 m
2
Average speed during this interval,
(c) v2 = u2 – 2gh
distance travelled 360
V = = = 90 m/s
time interval 4
Ex.11 A body is moving with a speed of 20 m/s. (ii) For calculating the distance travelled, we use
When certain force is applied, an acceleration equation,
of 4 m/s2 is produced. After how much time v2 = u2 + 2as, we get
its velocity will be 80 m/s ? (0)2 = (400)2 + 2 × (–10) × s
Sol. Given : u = 20 m/s, a = 4 m/s2, or 20s = 400 × 400
v = 80 m/s, t = ? or s = 8000 m = 8 km
Using equation, v = u + at, we get Ex.14 A body is thrown vertically upwards with an
80 = 20 + 4 × t initial velocity of 19.6 m/s. If g = –9.8 m/s2.
or 4t = 80 – 20 = 60 Calculate the following :
or t = 15 s (i) The maximum height attained by the body.
Therefore, after 15 seconds, the velocity of
(ii) After how much time will it come back to the
the body will be 80 m/s.
ground ?
Ex.12 A body starts from rest and moves with a Sol.(i) Given: u = 19.6 m/s, g = –9.8 m/s2, v = 0, h = ?
constant acceleration. It travels a distance s1in Using equation v2 = u2 + 2gh, we get
first 10 s, and a distance s2 in next 10 s. Find (0)2 = (19.6)2 + 2(–9.8) × h
19.6  19.6
the relation between s2 and s1. or h= = 19.6 m
2  9.8
Sol. Given : u = 0, t1 = 10 s (ii) Time taken to reach the maximum height can
 Distance travelled in first 10 seconds, is given be calculated by the equation,
by v = u + gt
1 2 1 or 0 = 19.6 + (–9.8) × t
s1 = ut + at = 0 + × a × (10)2 or t = 2s
2 2
= 50a ...(1) In the same time, it will come back to its
To calculate the distance travelled in next 10s, we original position.
first calculate distance travelled in 20 s and then   Total time = 2 × 2 = 4s
subtract distance travelled in first 10 s.
Ex.15 From the top of a tower of height 490 m, a
1 1
s = ut + at2 = 0 + × a × (20)2 shell is fired horizontally with a velocity 100
2 2
m/s. At what distance from the bottom of the
= 200a ...(2)
tower, the shell will hit the ground ?
 Distance travelled in 10th second interval, Sol. We know that the horizontal motion and the
s2 = s – s1 = 200a – 50a ...(3) vertical motion are independent of each other.
or s2 = 150a Now for vertical motion, we have u = 0,
s 150a 3 h = 490 m, g = 9.8 m/s2, t = ?
Now, 2 = =
s1 50a 1 1
Using equation,h = ut + gt2, we get
or s2 = 3s1 2
1
Ex.13 A train is moving with a velocity 400 m/s. 490 = 0 + × 9.8 × t2
2
With the application of brakes a retardation of 490
or t2 = = 100
10 m/s2 is produced. Calculate the following : 4. 9
(i) After how much time it will stop ? or t = 10 s
(ii) How much distance will it travel before it  It takes 10 seconds to reach the ground.
stops? Now, horizontal distance
= horizontal velocity × time
Sol. (i) Given: u = 400 m/s, a = –10 m/s2, v = 0, t = ?
= 100 m/s × 10 s = 1000 m
Using equation, v = u + at, we get
0 = 400 + (–10) × t  The shell will strike the ground at a distance
or t = 40 s of 100 m from the bottom of the tower.
 VARIOUS GRAPHS RELATED TO MOTION  Acceleration is increasing and is +ve

Displacement- time graph : a

 The straight line inclined to time axis in s-t t

graph represents constant velocity.
Acceleration is decreasing and is –ve
s
a
t
  t
 In s-t graph the straight line inclined to time
axis at angle greater than 90º shows negative
velocity  CIRCULAR MOTION
When a body moves in such a way that its
s
distance from a fixed point always remains
t constant, then its motion is said to be the circular
 Body with accelerated motion motion.
s Uniform circular motion :
t  If the radius vector sweeps out equal angles in
 Body with decelerated motion equal times, then its motion is said to be
uniform circular motion.
s P'
s
t  P
O r
Velocity -time graph :
 For the body having constant velocity or zero  In uniform circular motion speed remains
acceleration. const.
 Linear velocity, being a vector quantity, its
v
direction changes continuously.
t  The direction of velocity is along the tangent
 The body is moving with constant retardation at every point.
and its initial velocity is not zero.
Angular velocity :
v 
=
t t
 The body is accelerated and the initial  A vector quantity
velocity is zero.  Direction is perpendicular to plane of rotation
Note : If the particle is revolving in the
v
clockwise direction then the direction of
t
angular velocity is perpendicular to the plane
 The body is decelerated
downwards. Whereas in case of anticlockwise
v direction, the direction will be upwards.
t  Unit is Radian/sec.
 In uniform circular motion the direction of
Acceleration-time graph : angular velocity is along the axis of rotation
 Acceleration is constant which is constant throughout.
 Angular velocity remains constant in
a
magnitude as well as in direction.
t  v = rwhere r = radius of the circle.
Centripetal acceleration 2 2
(i) Now angular velocity, = = =
 In uniform circular motion the particle T 2
experiences an acceleration called the rad/s
centripetal acceleration. (ii) Linear velocity is given by
v2 v = r= 2
 ac =
r   v = 2m/s
 The direction of centripetal acceleration is Ex.17 The length of second's needle in a watch is
along the radius towards the centre. 1.2 cm. Calculate the following :
Centripetal force : (i) Angular velocity and
 Always acts towards centre. (ii) Linear velocity of the tip of the needle.
 Centripetal force is required to move a Sol. (i) We know that the second's needle in a watch
particle in a circle. completes one revolution in 60 seconds.
 Because Fc is always perpendicular to   Time period, T = 60 s
velocity or displacement, hence the work Angular velocity, 
done by this force will always be zero. 2 2 
   = = = rad/s
Note : T 60 30
 Circular motion in horizontal plane is usually (ii) Length of the needle = 1.2 cm = Radius of the
uniform circular motion. circle
 Remember that equations of motion are not Linear velocity of the tip of the needle is
applicable for circular motion. given by
 
v = r= 1.2 × =
Time period : 30 25
 It is the time taken to complete one complete 
or v = = 1.266 × 10–1 cm/sec.
revolution. 2s
 In one revolution, angle subtended is 2 and
Ex.18 Earth revolves around the sun in 365 days.
if T is time period, then the angular velocity
Calculate its angular velocity.
is given by
Sol. Time period,
2 2
= or T= T = 365 days
T 
= 365 × 24 × 60 × 60 seconds
Frequency : 2
 Frequency is defined as the number of  Angular velocity, =
T
revolutions per second.
2
1  = rad/s = 1.99 × 10–7 rad/s.
i.e. n = = 365  24  60  60
T 2

Ex.16 A particle moves in a circle of radius 2 m and

completes 5 revolutions in 10 seconds.
Calculate the following :
(i) Angular velocity and
(ii) Linear velocity.
Sol. Since, it completes 5 revolutions in 10
seconds.
10
  Time period = = 2s
5
 EXERCISE-1
Q.17 Time-displacement graphs of two bodies A
A.  Very Short Answer Type Questions and B are shown in the Figure. Which one has
Q.1 Can the speed of a body moving with a larger velocity ?

Displacement
constant velocity change ?
A
Q.2 Can the velocity of a body moving with a B
uniform speed change ?
Time
Q.3 Can average velocity of a moving body be zero?
Q.18 The velocity of a body is 72 km/hr. Calculate
Q.4 Can average speed of a moving body be zero? its value in m/s.
Q.5 Time-displacement graph is a straight line B.  Short Answer Type Questions
parallel to the time axis. What is its velocity
and the acceleration ?
Q.19 Define state of motion.
Q.6 What is the acceleration of a body moving Q.20 Differentiate between the following :
with constant velocity ?
(i) speed and velocity,
Q.7 A stone is thrown upwards, reaches a height h (ii) distance and displacement
and comes back. What are the distance moved
Q.21 Displacement of a body can be zero even
and displacement ?
when the distance travelled is not zero.
Q.8 A particle moves along the circumference of Explain.
a circle in half cycle. Calculate the distance
Q.22 What do you mean by negative and positive
travelled and displacement.
acceleration ? Explain.
Q.9 Define uniform circular motion. Q.23 A train is moving with a constant speed of 40
Q.10 What is the relation between linear velocity km/hr. Draw time-speed graph. From this, draw
and angular velocity ? time-distance graph upto 5 hours from the start.

Q.11 Does uniform circular motion has accelerated Q.24 Draw the graph for uniform motion.
motion or no acceleration at all ? (i) Displacement - Time
Q.12 What is the direction of angular velocity ? (ii) Velocity - Time
Q.13 In uniform circular motion, does the angular Q.25 In the given figure A and B represent uniform
velocity remain constant or if changes with motion or accelerated motion.
time. A
Distance

Q.14 A car starts moving with 20 m/s and its B

velocity becomes 80 m/s after 6 sec.
Calculate its acceleration. Time

Q.15 A body is thrown vertically up with a velocity Q.26 In the given Figure. What type of motion are
represented by the parts AB, BC, CD and DE.
98 m/s. How much high it will rise ? (g = 9.8
m/s2). D
Distance

B C
Q.16 A body falls from a height of 500 m. In how
much time, will it strike the ground ? A Time E
Q.27 For a moving body distance travelled is (iii) Acceleration between t = 20 s to t = 25s.
directly proportional to the time. What do you

Velocity (m/s)
40
P Q
conclude about its speed ? 30
20
Q.28 Figure shows the time velocity graphs for
10
three bodies A, B and C.
R
60
Velocity (m/s)

0 5 10 15 20 25
50 C Time (s)
40 B
30 Q.37 Time velocity graph of a moving body is
20 A
10 shown in figure Calculate the following :
0 60 C

Velocity (m/s)
1 2 34 5 6
50
Time (s)
40
B D E
(i) Which body has minimum acceleration ? 30
(ii) Which body has maximum acceleration ? 20
A
10
F
Q.29 A body starting with initial velocity u moves 0 2 6 8 10 12 14 16
with a constant acceleration a. Find the Time (s)
expression for distance travelled in nth (i) Change in velocity during t = 6s to t = 8s
seconds.
(ii) Average acceleration during t = 10s to
Q.30 A body starting from rest moves with a
t = 12s.
constant acceleration. It moves a distance s1
(iii) In which time interval acceleration will
in first 5 seconds and a distance s2 in next 5
be zero.
seconds. Prove that s2 = 3s1.
(iv) Acceleration during t = 14 s to t = 16 s.
Q.31 An engine is moving with a velocity 44 m/s.
After applying the brakes, it stops after Q.38 Time-acceleration graph of a moving body is
covering a distance of 121 m. Calculate shown in figure Calculate the following :
retardation and time taken by the engine to Acceleration (m/s2)
stop. 15
10
Q.32 A body is thrown vertically up with an initial 5
0 1 2 3 4567 8
velocity of 60 m/s. If g = 10 m/s2, at what –5 Time (s)
–10
time, it will be at a height of 100 m. –15

(i) Time interval in which acceleration will be

C.  Long Answer Type Questions zero.
(ii) Acceleration at t = 5 s.
(iii) Change in velocity during time interval
Q.33 What do you mean by average speed ? How
will you find average speed from time- t = 4s and t = 8 s.
distance graph ? Q.39 An artificial satellite is moving in a circular
Q.34 What is the difference between time-speed orbit of radius 42, 250 km. Find its speed if it
and time-velocity graph ? In what condition, takes 24 hours to revolve round the earth.
they are similar ?
Q.40 On 120 km track, a train travels the first 30
Q.35 What do you mean by acceleration ? How do km with a uniform speed of 30 km/h. How
you find acceleration from time-velocity fast must the train travel the next 90 km so as
graph?
to average 60 km/hr for entire trip ?
Q.36 Time-velocity graph of a body is shown in
figure Calculate the following :
(i) Distance travelled in first 10 s
(ii) Acceleration at t = 15 s
 EXERCISE-2

Single Correct Answer Type Questions


Q.9 Which of the following is not characteristic of
displacement ?
Q.1 A body whose position with respect to
(A) It is always positive.
surrounding does not change, is said to be in a
state of - (B) It has both magnitude and direction.
(A) Rest (B) Motion (C) It can be zero.
(C) Vibration (D) Oscillation (D) Its magnitude is less than or equal to the
actual path length of the object.
Q.2 In case of a moving body-
(A) Displacement > Distance
Q.10 S.I. unit of displacement is-
(B) Displacement < Distance
(A) m (b) ms–1
(C) Displacement  Distance (C) ms –2
(D) none of these
(D) Displacement  Distance
Q.11 Which of the following is not a vector?
Q.3 Vector quantities are those which have : (A) Speed (B) Velocity
(A) Only direction (C) Weight (D) Acceleration
(B) Only Magnitude
(C) Magnitude and direction both Q.12 Time is an example of:-
(D) None of these
(A) Scalar
Q.4 What is true about scalar quantities ? (B) Vector
(A) Scalars quantities have direction also. (C) Scalar or vector
(B) Scalars can be added arithmetically. (D) Neither scalar nor vector
(C) There are special laws for scalar addition.
(D) Scalars have special method to represent. Q.13 In five minutes distance between a pole and a
car changes progressively. What is true about
Q.5 A body is said to be in motion if -
the car ?
(A) Its position with respect to surrounding
objects remains same (A) Car is at rest
(B) Its position with respect to surrounding (B) Car is in motion
objects keep on changing (C) Nothing can be said with this information
(C) both (A) and (B) (D) None of the above
(D) Neither (A) nor (B)
Q.14 A distance -
Q.6 A distance is always-
(A) Is always positive
(A) shortest length between two points
(B) path covered by an object between two (B) Is always negative
points (C) May be positive as well as negative
(C) product of length and time (D) Is neither positive nor negative
(D) none of the above
Q.15 When a body covers equal distance in equal
Q.7 A displacement- intervals of time, its motion is said to be :
(A) is always positive (A) Non-uniform
(B) is always negative (B) Uniform
(C) may be positive as well as negative (C) Accelerated
(D) is neither positive nor negative (D) Back and forth
Q.8 Examples of vector quantities are:
(A) velocity, length and mass Q.16 The motion along a straight line is called:
(B) speed, length and mass (A) Vibratory (B) Stationary
(C) time, displacement and mass (C) Circular (D) Linear
(D) velocity, displacement and force
Q.17 A particle is traveling with a constant speed. Q.26 A particle covers equal distances in equal
This means- intervals of time, it is said to be moving with
(A) Its position remains constant as time uniform-
passes (A) Speed (B) Velocity
(B) It covers equal distances in equal interval
of time (C) Acceleration (D) Retardation
(C) Its acceleration is zero
(D) It does not change its direction of motion Q.27 The SI unit of the average velocity is -
(A) m/s (B) km/s
Q.18 The rate of change of displacement is - (C) cm/s (D) mm/s
(A) Speed (B) Velocity
(C) Acceleration (D) Retardation Q.28 A car accelerates uniformly from 18 km/h to
36km/ h in 5 s. The acceleration in ms–2 is -
Q.19 Speed is never - (A) 1 (B) 2
(A) Zero (B) Fraction (C) 3 (D) 4
(C) Negative (D) Positive
Q.29 Out of energy and acceleration which is
Q.20 The motion of a body covering different vector ?
distances in same intervals of time is said to (A) Acceleration (B) Energy
be - (C) Both (D) None of these
(A) Zig-Zag (B) Fast
(C) Slow (D) Variable
Q.30 C.G.S. unit of acceleration is -
(A) ms–2 (B) cm s–2
Q.21 Unit of velocity is : –2
(C) ms (D) cm s2
(A) ms (B) ms–1
–2
(C) ms (D) none of these
Q.31 A train starting from a railway station and
Q.22 Metre per second is not the unit of - moving with uniform acceleration, attains a
speed of 40 kmh–1 in 10 minutes. Its
(A) Displacement (B) Velocity acceleration is -
(C) Speed (D) None of them (A) 18.5 ms–2 (B) 1.85 cm s–2
(C) 18.5 cms–2 (D) 1.85 m s–2
Q.23 A particle moves with a uniform velocity -
(A) The particle must be at rest Q.32 The brakes applied to a car produce a
(B) The particle moves along a curved path negative acceleration of 6ms–2. If the car
(C) The particle moves along a circle stops after 2 seconds, the initial velocity of
(D) The particle moves along a straight line the car is -
(A) 6 ms–1 (B) 12 ms–1
Q.24 A quantity has value of –6.0 ms–1. It may be (C) 24 ms –1
(D) Zero
the-
(A) Speed of a particle Q.33 A body is moving with uniform velocity of 10
(B) Velocity of a particle ms–1. The velocity of the body after 10 s is -
(C) Position of a particle (A) 100 ms–1 (B) 50 ms–1
(D) Displacement of a particle (C) 10 ms –1
(D) 5 ms–1

Q.25 In 10 minutes, a car with speed of 60 kmh–1

Q.34 In 12 minutes a car whose speed is 35 kmh–1
travels a distance of -
travels a distance of -
(A) 6 km (B) 600 km
(A) 7 km (B) 3.5 km
(C) 10 km (D) 7 km
(C) 14 km (D) 28 km
Q.35 A body is moving along a straight line at Q.43 The velocity-time graph of a body moving in
20 ms–1 undergoes an acceleration of 4 ms–2. a straight line is shown in figure. The
After 2 s, its speed will be- displacement and distance travelled by the
(A) 8 ms–1 (B) 12 ms–1 body in 6 second are respectively-
–1
(C) 16 ms (D) 28 ms–1
v(m/sec)
Q.36 A car increase its speed from 20 kmh–1 to 5
50 kmh–1 in 10 s., its acceleration is - 4
(A) 30 ms–2 (B)3 ms–1 3
(C) 18 ms–2 (D) 0.83 ms–2 2
1
Q.37 When the distance travelled by an object is 0 t(sec)
1 2 3 4 5 6
directly proportional to the time, it is said to 1
travel with- 2
(A) zero velocity (A) 8m , 16m (B) 16m, 8m
(B) constant speed
(C) 16m, 16m (D) 8m, 8m
(C) constant acceleration
(D) uniform velocity
Q.44 For the velocity time graph shown in figure,
Q.38 A body freely falling from rest has a velocity the distance covered by the body in the last
v after it falls through a height h. The distance two seconds of its motion is what fraction of
it has to fall further for its velocity to become the total distance covered in all the seven
double is - seconds ?
(A) 3 h (B) 6 h
(C) 8 h (D) 10 h
10
8
Velocity(m/s)

Q.39 The velocity of a bullet is reduced from 200 6

m/s to 100 m/s while travelling through a 4
wooden block of thickness 10 cm. The 2
retardation, assuming it to be uniform, will be 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
(A) 10 × 104 m/s2 (B) 1.2 x 104 m/s2
(C) 13.5 × 104 m/s2 (D) 15 x 104 m/s2 Time (s)
(A) 1/2 (B) 1/4
Q.40 A body starts falling from height 'h' and (C) 1/3 (D) 2/3
travels distance h/2 during the last second of
motion. The time of travel (in sec.) is- Q.45 Velocity-time graph AB (Figure) shows that
(A) 2 1 (B) 2  2 the body has-
(C) 2 3 (D) 32 A

Q.41 Area between speed-time graph and time axis v

gives- B
(A) Distance (B) Velocity t 0
(C) Speed (D) None of these (A) A uniform acceleration
(B) A non uniform retardation
Q.42 An object undergoes an acceleration of 8ms–2
starting from rest. Distance travelled in 1 sec. (C) Uniform speed
is- (D) Initial velocity OA and is moving with
(A) 2 m (B) 4 m uniform retardation
(C) 6 m (D) 8 m
Q.46 In figure BC represents a body moving- Q.54 Unit of angular velocity is –
(A) rad (B) m/s

Displacement
(C) rad/s2 (D) rad/s
A B
Q.55 Two bodies in circular paths of radii 1 : 2 take
C same time to complete their circles. The ratio
0 of their linear speeds is-
Time
(A) 1 : 2 (C) 2 : 1
(A) Backwards with uniform velocity
(C) 1: 3 (D) 3 : 1
(B) Forward with uniform velocity
(C) Backward with non-uniform velocity
Q.56 In a circular path of radius 1 m, a mass of
(D) Forward with non-uniform velocity
2 kg moves with a constant speed of 10 ms–1.
The angular speed in radian/sec. is -
Q.47 1C is equal to-
(A) 5 (B) 10
(A) 57.3° (B) 573°
(C) 15 (D) 20
(C) 180° (D) 360°

Q.48 An athlete complete one round of a circular Q.57 The relation among v,  and r is -
track of diameter 200 m in 40 s. What will be v 
(A)   (B) v 
the displacement at the end of 2 minutes 40 s. ? r r
(A) 2200 m (B) 220 m r
(C)   (D) None of these
(C) 22 m (D) Zero v

Q.49 What will be the distance in the above Q.58 Uniform circular motion is an example of :
question? (A) Constant acceleration
(A) 2512 m (B) 2500 m (B) Variable acceleration
(C) 2200 m (D) Zero (C) A and B both
(D) None of these
Q.50 The distance travelled by a body is directly
proportional to the time, then the body is said
Q.59 Rate of change of angular velocity refer to :
to have -
(A) angular speed
(A) Zero speed (B) Zero velocity
(B) angular displacement
(C) Constant speed (D) None of these
(C) angular acceleration
(D) None of these
Q.51 An athlete runs along a circular track of
diameter 28 m. The displacement of the th
athlete after he completes one circle is - 1
Q.60 A car travels   of a circle with radius r.
(A) 28 m (B) 88 m  4
(C) 44 m (D) Zero The ratio of the distance to its displacement
is-
Q.52 A boy is running along a circular track of  
radius 7 m. He completes one circle in 10 (A) 1 : (B) :1
2 2 2 2
second. The average velocity of the boy is -
(A) 4.4 ms–1 (B) 0.7 ms–1 (C) 2 2 :  (D) 2 2 :1
(C) Zero (D) 70 ms–1

Q.53 A body is moving with a uniform speed of

5 ms–1 in a circular path of radius 5 m. The
acceleration of the body is:
(A) 25 ms–2 (B) 15 ms–2
–2
(C) 5 ms (D) 1 ms–2
 ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE - 1
1. no 2.yes 3. yes
4. no 5. 0, 0 6. 0
7. 2h, 0 8. r, 2r 10. v = r
11. accelerated motion 12. along the axis of rotation 13. remains constant
14. 10m/sec2 15. 490 m 16. 10s
17. A 18. 20 m/sec
27.Auniform motion, Baccelerated motion 28. (i) A, (ii) C
31. 8 m/sec2, 5.5s 32. 2s, 10s 36. (i) 300 m (ii) 0 m/s2, (iii) –6 m/s2
37. (i) 30 m/s, (ii) 0, (iii) 10 to 14 s, (iv) – 15 m/s2 38. (i) 2 to 4s, (ii) – 15 m/s2 (iii) 30 m/s
39. 3.1 km/sec 40. 90 km/h

EXERCISE - 2

Ques 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans A D C B B B C D A A A A B A B
Ques 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Ans D B B C D B A D B C A A A A B
Ques 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
Ans B B C A D D B A D B A B A B D
Ques 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Ans A A D A C D C C D A B A B C B