SAMPLE PAPER TEST FOR BOARD EXAM 2025

(ANSWERS)
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS (041) MAX. MARKS : 80
CLASS : XII DURATION: 3 HRS
General Instructions:
1. This Question paper contains - five sections A, B, C, D and E. Each section is compulsory.
However, there are internal choices in some questions.
2. Section A has 18 MCQ’s and 02 Assertion-Reason based questions of 1 mark each.
3. Section B has 5 Very Short Answer (VSA)-type questions of 2 marks each.
4. Section C has 6 Short Answer (SA)-type questions of 3 marks each.
5. Section D has 4 Long Answer (LA)-type questions of 5 marks each.
6. Section E has 3 source based/case based/passage based/integrated units of assessment (4
marks each) with sub parts.

SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 20 carry 1 mark each.

x2 y2
1. The area of the region bounded by the ellipse   1 is
25 16
(a) 20π² sq. units (b) 25π sq. units (c) 20π sq. units (d) 16π² sq. units
Ans: (c) 20π sq. units
The area of the standard ellipse is given by ; πab. Here, a = 5 and b = 4
Therefore, the area of curve is π(5)(4) = 20π.

2. The magnitude of the vector 6i  2 j  3k is:

(a) 1 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 12
Ans: (c) 7

3. The area enclosed by the circle x2 + y2 = 2 is equal to

(a) 4π² sq units (b) 4π sq units (c) 2π sq units (d) 2√2π sq units
Ans: (c) 2π sq units
    
4. If | a | = 5, | b | = 13 and | a  b | = 25, then a.b is equal to
(a) 12 (b) 5 (c) 13 (d) 60
Ans: (d) 60
     
5. If for non zero vectors a and b , a  b is a unit vector and | a || b | 2 , then angle θ between
 
vectors a and b is
(a) π/2 (b) π/3 (c) π/6 (d) - π/2
Ans: (c) π/6

6. If A and B are two events such that P(A) = 1/2, P(B) = 1/3 and P(A/B) = 1/4, then P(A' ∩ B')
equals
(a) 1/12 (b) 3/4 (c) 1/4 (d) 3/16
Ans: (c) 1/4

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7. Five fair coins are tossed simultaneously. The probability of the events that atleast one head
comes up is:
(a) 27/32 (b) 5/32 (c) 31/32 (d) 1/32
Ans: (c) 31/32
5
1 1 31
Probability of the event that at least one head comes up = 1     1  
2 32 32

sec x
8.  sec x  tan x dx equals:
(a) secx – tanx + c (b) secx + tanx + c (c) tanx – secx + c (d) – (secx + tanx) + c
Ans: (b) secx + tanx + c

x 1 y  3 1 z
9. A point that lies on the line   is:
2 4 7
(a) (1, -3, 1) (b) (-2, 4, 7) (c) (-1, 3, 1) (d) (2, -4, -7)
Ans: (a) (1, -3, 1)
x  1 y  3 z 1
The equation of the Line can be written as  
2 4 7
So, it passes through (1, -3, 1).

dy
10. The general solution of the differential equation  2  y is:
dx
(a) 2y = x log 2 + C log 2 (b) 2y = x log 3 – C log 3
(c) y = x log 2 – C log 2 (d) None of these
Ans: (a) 2y = x log 2 + C log 2

11.  cos3 x.e log(sin x ) dx is equal to

cos4 x sin 4 x esin x
(a)   C (b)  C (c) C (d) none of these
4 4 4
cos4 x
Ans: (a)  C
4

12. If A and B are invertible matrices, then which of the following is not correct.
(a) adj A = |A|. A–1 (b) det (A–1) = [det (A)]–1
–1 –1 –1
(c) (AB) = B A (d) (A + B)–1 = B–1 + A–1

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 Ans: (d) (A + B)–1 = B–1 + A–1

13. Function f(x) = 2x3 – 9x2 + 12x + 29 is monotonically decreasing when

(a) x > 2 (b) 1 < x < 2 (c) x = 2 (d) x > 3
Ans: (b) 1 < x < 2

7 6 x
14. If one root of the equation 2 x 2 = 7 is x = -9, then the other two roots are:
x 3 7
(a) 6, 3 (b) 6, -3 (c) -2, -7 (d) 2, 6
Ans: (c) -2, -7
7 6 x
2 x 2 = 7(7x – 6) – 6(14 – 2x) + x(6 – x2)
x 3 7
= -x3 + 67x – 126
= (x + 9)(-x2 + 9x – 14)
= (x + 9)(-x – 2) (x + 7)
Hence the other two roots are -2 and -7.

15. Let A be a non-singular matrix of order (3 × 3). Then |adj.A| is equal to

(a) |A| (b) |A|2 (c) |A|3 (d) 3|A|
2
Ans: (b) |A|
If A is a matrix of order n × n then |adj A| = |A|n – 1

d2y dy
16. The order and the degree of the differential equation 2 x 2 2
 3  y  0 are:
dx dx
(a) 1, 1 (b) 2, 1 (c) 1, 2 (d) 3, 1
Ans: (b) 2, 1
The highest order is 2 and the degree of the highest order is 1.
Hence, the order is 2 and the degree is 1.

  1 
17. sin   sin 1    is equal to:
3  2 
(a) 1 (b) 1/2 (c) 1/3 (d) 1/4
Ans: (a) 1

 1  x 1
18.   1  x  e x dx = ?
 x
1 1
x x
x x
(a) ( x  1)e C (b) xe C
1 1
x x
x x
(c)  xe C (d) ( x  1)e
1
x
x
Ans: (b) xe C

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 ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS
In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

19. Assertion(A): Determinant of a skew-symmetric matrix of order 3 is zero.

Reason(R): For any matrix A, |A'| = |A| and |-A| = |A|.
Ans. (c) A is true but R is false.
Assertion: Determinant of a skew-symmetric matrix of odd order is zero.
∴ Assertion is true.
Reason: For any matrix A, |A'| = A
and |-A] = |A| [when A is of even order]
and |-A| = -|A| [when A is of odd order]
∴ Reason is false.

 x 
20. Assertion (A): If manufacturer can sell x items at a price of Rs.  5   each. The cost price
 100 
x 
of x items is Rs.   500  . Then, the number of items he should sell to earn maximum profit is
5 
240 items.
24 x2
Reason (R): The profit for selling x items is given by x  300 .
5 100
Ans. (c) A is true but R is false.

SECTION – B
Questions 21 to 25 carry 2 marks each.

21. Solve (1 + x2) sec2 ydy + 2x tan ydx = 0, given that y = π/4 when x = 1.
Ans:

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  cos x  3 
22. Express tan 1  ,  x  in simplest form.
 1  sin x  2 2
Ans:

23. An urn contains 10 black and 5 white balls. Two balls are drawn from the urn one after the other
without replacement, then find the probability that both drawn balls are black.
Ans: Let E and F denote respectively the events that first and second ball drawn are black. We
have to find P(E ∩ F).

     
24. If a  i  2 j  3k , b  3i  j  2k show that (a  b) and (a  b) are perpendicular to each other.
Ans:

25. Find the values of x and y from the following equation:

x 5   3 4   7 6 
2   
 7 y  3 1 2  15 14 
x 5   3 4   7 6 
Ans: 2    
 7 y  3 1 2  15 14 
2 x 10  3 4  7 6 
   
14 2 y  6  1 2  15 14 
2 x  3 6  7 6
 
 15 2 y  4 15 14 
or 2x + 3 = 7 and 2y – 4 = 14
or 2x = 7 – 3 and 2y = 18
4 18
or x = and y =
2 2
i.e. x = 2 and y = 9.
OR

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  3 2  1 0  2
If A    and I    , find k so that A = kA – 2I
 4  2   0 1 
Ans: Given than A2 = kA – 2I
 3 2   3 2   3 2  1 0 
    k  2 
 4 2   4 2   4 2  0 1 
 9  8 6  4   3k 2k   2 0 
   
12  8 8  4   4k 2k   0 2 
1 2  3k  2 2 k 
  
 4 4   4k 2k  2
By definition of equality of matrix as the given matrices are equal, their corresponding elements
are equal. Comparing the corresponding elements, we get
3k − 2 = 1  k = 1
−2k = −2  k = 1
4k = 4  k = 1
−4 = −2k − 2  k = 1
SECTION – C
Questions 26 to 31 carry 3 marks each.
dy
26. Solve the following differential equation:  x 3 cos ecy , given that y(0) = 0.
dx
Ans:

OR
Find the particular solution of the differential equation (1 + e2x) dy + (1 + y2) ex dx = 0, given that
when x = 0, y = 1.
Ans:

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 4
x2  x
27. Find the value of  dx .
2 2x 1
Ans:

OR
2
dx
Find the value of  x(1  log x) 2
.
1
2
dx
Ans: Let I =  x(1  log x) 2
1

 1  1
28. Differentiate sec 1  2
 w.r.t. sin (2 x 1  x ) .
2
 1 x 
Ans:

29. Find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point P(0, 2, 3) to the line
x  3 y 1 z  4
 
5 2 3

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 Ans: P (0, 2, 3)
x  3 y 1 z  4
Line  
5 2 3
General point on the line is [(5λ – 3), (2λ + 1), (3λ – 4)]
Direction ratio of the perpendicular line
[(5λ – 3), (2λ – 1), (3λ – 7)]
∴ 5(5λ – 3) + 2(2λ – 1) + 3(3λ – 7) = 0
⇒ 25λ – 15 + 4λ – 2 + 9λ – 21 = 0 ⇒ 38λ – 38 = 1
⇒λ=1
∴ foot of perpendicular line is [(5 – 3), (2 + 1), (3 – 4)
= (2, 3, – 1)
OR
         
Three vectors a, b, c satisfy the condition a  b  c  0 . Evaluate the quantity   a.b  b.c  c.a ,
  
if | a | = 3, | b | = 4 and | c | = 2.
Ans:

30. Find the area of the following region using integration: {(x,y) : y² ≤ 2x and y ≥ x – 4}
Ans: Given: y2 = 2x ...(1)
y=x–4 ...(2)
Required area is OABCO
from (1) and (2), (x – 4)2 = 2x
⇒ x2 – 10x + 16 = 0
⇒ (x – 8) (x – 2) = 0
⇒ x = 8 and x = 2
∴ Intersection points (2, – 2) and (8, 4)

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  ax  1, if x  3
31. Find the relationship between a and b so that the function f defined by f ( x)  
bx  3, if x  3
is continuous at x = 3.
 ax  1, if x  3
Ans. Here, f ( x)  
bx  3, if x  3
lim lim
LHL  
f ( x)  (ax  1)
x3 x  3
Putting x = 3 − h has x → 3− when h → 0
lim lim lim
 
f ( x)  (a(3  h)  1)  (3a  ah  1)  3a  1
x3 h0 h0
lim lim
RHL  
f ( x)  (bx  3)
x3 x  3
Putting x = 3 + h as x → 3+ when h → 0
lim lim lim
 
f ( x)  (b(3  h)  3)  (3b  bh  3)  3b  3
x3 h0 h0
Also, f(3) =3 a +1 [since f(x) = ax + 1]
Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 3.
 LHL = RHL = f(3)
2
 3a  1  3b  3  3a  3b  2  a  b 
3
SECTION – D
Questions 32 to 35 carry 5 marks each.

32. Solve the following Linear Programming Problem graphically:

Maximise z = 8x + 9y subject to the constraints: 2x + 3y ≤ 6, 3x – 2y ≤ 6, y ≤ 1; x, y ≥ 0
Ans:
Let l1 : 2x + 3y = 6, l2 : 3x – 2y = 6, l3 : y = 1; x = 0, y = 0
Solving l1 and l3, we get D (1.5, 1)
 30 6 
Solving l1 and l2, we get C  , 
 13 13 

Shaded portion OADCB is the feasible region,

where coordinates of the corner points are O(0, 0),
 30 6 
A(0, 1), D(1.5, 1), C  ,  , B(2, 0).
 13 13 
The value of the objective function at these points are:

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 Corner points Value of the objective function z = 8x + 9y
O (0, 0) 8×0+9×0=0
A (0, 1) 8×0+9×1=9
D (1.5, 1) 8 × 1.5 + 9 × 1 = 21
 30 6  30 6
C ,  8   9  = 22.6 (Maximum)
 13 13  13 13
B (2, 0) 8 × 2 + 9 × 0 = 16
 30 6 
The maximum value of z is 22.6, which is at C  , 
 13 13 

33. Define the relation R in the set × as follows:

For (a, b), (c, d) ∈ × , (a, b) R (c, d) iff ad = bc. Prove that R is an equivalence relation in
× .
Ans: Let ( , ) ∈ × . Then we have
ab = ba (by commutative property of multiplication of natural numbers)
⟹( , ) ( , )
Hence, R is reflexive.
Let ( , ), ( , ) ∈ × such that (a, b) R (c, d). Then ad = bc
⟹ = (by commutative property of multiplication of natural numbers
⟹( , ) ( , )
Hence, R is symmetric.
Let ( , ), ( , ), ( , ) ∈ × such that (a, b) R (c, d) and (c, d) R (e, f).
Then ad = bc, cf = de
⟹ =
⟹ =
⟹( , ) ( , )
Hence, R is transitive.
Since, R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive, R is an equivalence relation on × .

OR
x
Show that the function f :R→ {x  R : −1 < x <1} defined by f( x) = , x  R is one-one and
1 | x |
onto function.
x
Ans: It is given that f :R→ {x  R : −1 < x <1} defined by f( x) = ,xR
1 | x |
x y
Suppose, f(x) = f(y), where x, y  R  
1 | x | 1 | y |
It can be observed that if x is positive and y is negative, then we have
x y
  2 xy  x  y
1  x 1 y
Since, x is positive and y is negative, then x > y  x − y > 0
But, 2xy is negative. Then, 2xy ≠ x − y.
Thus, the case of x being positive and y being negative can be ruled out.
Under a similar argument, x being negative and y being positive can also be ruled out. Therefore,
x and y have to be either positive or negative.
x y
When x and y are both positive, we have f ( x)  f ( y )    x  xy  y  xy  x  y
1 x 1 y
x y
When x and y are both negative, we have f ( x)  f ( y )    x  xy  y  xy  x  y
1 x 1 y
Therefore, f is one-one. Now, let y  R such that −1 < y < 1.

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 y
If y is negative, then there exists x   R such that
1 y
 y  y
 
 y   1 y  1 y y
f ( x)  f     y
1 y  1 y   y  1 y  y
1  
1 y  1 y 
y
If y is positive, then there exists x   R such that
1 y
 y  y
 
 y   1 y  1 y y
f ( x)  f     y
1 y  1 y  y  1 y  y
1  
1 y  1 y 
Therefore, f is onto. Hence, f is one-one and onto.
 /2
1
34. Evaluate:  sin 2 x tan (sin x) dx
0

Ans:

35. Find the shortest distance between the lines whose vector equations are
 
r  (1  t )i  (t  2) j  (3  2t )k and r  ( s  1)i  (2s  1) j  (2 s  1)k
Ans:

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 OR

Find the equation of a line passing through the point (1, 2, –4) and perpendicular to two lines
 
r  (8i  19 j  10k )   (3i  16 j  7 k ) and r  (15i  29 j  5k )   (3i  8 j  5k )
Ans:

SECTION – E(Case Study Based Questions)

Questions 36 to 38 carry 4 marks each.

36. Case-Study 1:
Anil is the owner of a high rise residential society having 50 apartments. When he set rent at
Rs.10000/month, all apartments are rented. If he increases rent by Rs.250/ month, one fewer
apartment is rented. The maintenance cost for each occupied unit is Rs.500/month. Anil
represented the rent price per apartment by P and the number of rented apartments represented
by N.

Based on the above information answer the following questions.

(a) If P = 10500, then find N [1]
(b) If P = 11,000, then find the profit. [1]
(c) Find the rent that maximizes the total amount of profit. [2]
Ans: (a) If P is the rent price per apartment and N is the number of rented apartment, the profit is
given by NP – 500 N = N(P – 500) [∵ Rs. 500/month is the maintenance charges for each
occupied unit]
Clearly, if P = 10500, then 10500 = 10000 + 250 x ⇒ x = 2 ⇒ N = 48

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 (b) If P = 11000, then 11000 = 10000 + 250 x ⇒ x = 4 and so profit P(4) = 250(50 – 4) (38 + 4)
= Rs. 4,83,000
(c) If x be the number of non-rented apartments, then N = 50 – x and P = 10000 + 250 x
Thus, profit = N(P – 500) = (50 – x) (10000 + 250 x – 500) = (50 – x) (9500 + 250 x) = 250(50
– x) (38 + x)
Now, P′(x) = 250[50 – x – (38 + x)] = 250[12 – 2x]
For maxima/minima, put P′(x) = 0
⇒ 12 – 2x = 0 ⇒ x = 6
Thus, price per apartment is, P = 10000 + 1500 = 11500
Hence, the rent that maximizes the profit is Rs. 11500.

37. Case-Study 2:
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.

There are two antiaircraft guns, named as A and B. The probabilities that the shell fired from
them hits an airplane are 0.3 and 0.2 respectively. Both of them fired one shell at an airplane at
the same time.

(i) What is the probability that the shell fired from exactly one of them hit the plane?
(ii) If it is known that the shell fired from exactly one of them hit the plane, then what is the
probability that it was fired from B?
Ans:
(i)P(Shell fired from exactly one of them hits the plane)
= P[(Shell from A hits the plane and Shell from B does not hit the plane) or (Shell from A does
not hit the plane and Shell from B hits the plane)]
= 0.3 × 0.8 + 0.7 × 0.2 = 0.38
(ii)P(Shell fired from B hit the plane/Exactly one of them hit the plane)
P(Shell fired from B hit the plane  Exactly one of them hit the plane)
=
P(Exactly one of them hit the plane)
P(Shell from only B hit the plane) 0.14 7
= = 
P(Exactly one of them hit the plane) 0.38 19

38. Case-Study 3:
Gautam buys 5 pens, 3 bags and 1 instrument box and pays a sum of Rs. 160. From the same
shop. Vikram buys 2 pens, 1 bag and 3 instrument boxes and pays a sum of Rs. 190. Also Ankur
buys 1 pen, 2 bags and 4 instrument boxes and pays a sum of Rs. 250.

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Based on the above information, answer the following questions:
(I) Convert the given above situation into a matrix equation of the form AX =B.
(II) Find |A|.
(III) Find A–1.
OR
2
(III) Determine P =A – 5A.
Ans: Pen Bags Instrument
Gautam 5 3 1
Vikram 2 1 3
Ankur 1 2 4
 5 3 1   x  160 
(i)  2 1 3   y   190 
 1 2 4   z   250
where x = cost of Pen
y = cost of Bag
z = cost of Instrument
5 3 1
(ii) | A | 2 1 3 = 5(4 – 6) – 3(8 – 3) + 1(4 – 1) = – 10 – 15 + 3 = – 22
1 2 4
1 3 2 3 2 1
(iii) C11   4  6  2, C12    (8  3)  5, C13   4 1  3
2 4 1 4 1 2
3 1 5 1 5 3
C21     (12  2)  10, C22   20  1  19, C23    (10  3)  7
2 4 1 4 1 2
3 1 5 1 5 3
C31   9  1  8, C32    (15  2)  13, C33   5  6  1
1 3 2 3 2 1
T
 2 5 3   2 10 8 
Adj ( A)   10 19 7    5 19
  13
 8 13 1  3 7 1 
 2 10 8   2 10 8
Adj ( A) 1  1 
A 1
 5 19 13  5 19 13 
| A| 22   22  
 3 7 1   3 7 1 
OR
(iii) P = A2 – 5A

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 5 3 1 5 3 1 5 3 1   25  6  1 15  3  2 5  9  4   25 15 5 
 2 1 3 2 1 3  5 2 1 3
    10  2  3 6  1  6 2  3  12   10 5 15 
        
 1 2 4  1 2 4  1 2 4   5  4  4 3  2  8 1  6  16   5 10 20 
32 20 18   25 15 5  7 5 13
 15 13 17   10 5 15   5 8 2
     
13 13 23  5 10 20  8 3 3 

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