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Motion -Main Points (1)

The document defines key concepts related to motion, including rest, motion, scalar and vector quantities, distance, displacement, speed, velocity, uniform and non-uniform motion, and acceleration. It also provides equations for calculating average speed, velocity, and various motion parameters, along with examples of uniform circular motion. Additionally, it explains how to interpret distance-time and velocity-time graphs.

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sabarilee917
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9 views2 pages

Motion -Main Points (1)

The document defines key concepts related to motion, including rest, motion, scalar and vector quantities, distance, displacement, speed, velocity, uniform and non-uniform motion, and acceleration. It also provides equations for calculating average speed, velocity, and various motion parameters, along with examples of uniform circular motion. Additionally, it explains how to interpret distance-time and velocity-time graphs.

Uploaded by

sabarilee917
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Motion

Main points
Definitions
1. Rest: A body is said to be at rest if it is not changing its position with time and with respect to
a reference point
2. Motion: A body is said to be in motion if it is changing its position continuously with time and
with respect to a reference point
3. Scalar: A scalar is a quantity which only has a magnitude (size)
4. Vector: A vector is a quantity which has both a magnitude and a direction
5. Distance: Distance is the total length covered by an object
6. Displacement: Displacement is the shortest distance between the initial and final points
7. Speed: Speed is the distance travelled by an object in unit time.
Speed = distance / time
S.I unit of speed is m/s or ms-1
8. Velocity: Velocity is the rate of change of displacement with time
Velocity = displacement / time
S.I. Unit is m/s or ms-1
9. Uniform motion: If the object covers equal distances in equal intervals of time, it is said to
be in uniform motion
Example: a) Minute hand in a clock. b) A car moving with same speed
10.Non-uniform motion: If the object covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time, it is
said to be in non-uniform motion
Example: a) Motion of a car in a busy road b) A train starts from a station
11.Acceleration: Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.
v−u
a=
t
12.Uniform circular motion: When a particle moves with a constant speed in a circular path,
its motion is said to be the uniform circular motion. Example: revolution of the earth around
the sun

Equations
Equation Symbols & physical quantities in the equation
v= final velocity (m/s);
v−u u= initial velocity(m/s)
a= a= acceleration (m/s2);
t
t= time (sec)

Average speed d= total distance travelled


Total distance d t= total time taken
= =
Total time t

If acceleration is v= final velocity (m/s)


uniform, u= initial velocity(m/s)

Average velocity =
u+v
2
By definition,
s s= displacement (m)
Average velocity = t= time (second)
t

v = u + at v= final velocity (m/s); u= initial velocity(m/s)


a= acceleration (m/s2); t= time (sec)

s =ut + ½ at2 s= distance or displacement


u= initial velocity (m/s)
a= acceleration (m/s2)
t= time (sec)

v2=u2+2as v= final velocity (m/s); u= initial velocity(m/s)


a= acceleration (m/s2)
s= distance or displacement (m)
Speed in circular
motion v= speed (m/s)
r= radius (m)
2 Πr t= time (second)
v=
t
Distance-time graph
Speed= slope of the graph= y/x (distance in Y axis and time in X-axis)
Velocity-time graph or speed-time graph
Acceleration = slope of the graph= y/x (speed in Y-axis and time in X-axis)
distance travelled = Area of the graph

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