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General Virology

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that lack a defined cellular organization and are classified based on their size, shape, and genome type (DNA or RNA). They can be categorized into enveloped and naked viruses, with specific examples of each, and their protein coats (capsids) can exhibit different symmetries. The document also discusses methods for estimating virus size and the complexities of RNA virus genomes, including segmented genomes and the necessity of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase for certain viruses.

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10 views

General Virology

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that lack a defined cellular organization and are classified based on their size, shape, and genome type (DNA or RNA). They can be categorized into enveloped and naked viruses, with specific examples of each, and their protein coats (capsids) can exhibit different symmetries. The document also discusses methods for estimating virus size and the complexities of RNA virus genomes, including segmented genomes and the necessity of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase for certain viruses.

Uploaded by

hiremathgirish735
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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General Virology

viruses are not classified in the s Kingdom classification

no well defined cellular organisation

obligate intracellular parasite

replicate in the host cell

Size 20mm 300mm ultramicroscopic except largest Pox


viruses 300nm
Largest pathogenic viruses Poxviruses 200 300nm
smallest is 11 Parvoviruses
18 20nm

Estimation of size of Viruses


done
by oneofthe following mechanisms

i passing them through gradual filters pore size is known


ii Ultracentrifuge depending on rate
of sedimentation
using Stoke's Law
iii Electron microscope comparing their size with known objects

shape
Revviruses hotan wheelshaped double shelled capsid
Ebola Marburg filament shaped Filoviruses
Rhabdovirusfrabies bullet
Poxviruses brick shaped
coronavirus Solar corona
Adenovirus spaceship vehicle
Astroviruses star shaped
Genome either DNA or RNA never both

DNA ds
Ss Parvovirus
partially ds hepB

RNA SS
L J
ve sense ve sense
ds Reoviruses

DNA viruses m A P 4 y
H Hepadena ids
H Herpes
A Adeno
p Pox
p Polyama
P Papilloma
P Paavo SS

y
RNA viruses
cannot bedirectly translated into proteins by ribosomes
ve sense Ambisense
inside the host ambisense viruses have to synthesize true sense RNA for
protein formation RdRp RNA dependent RNA polymerase required for

synthesis of tve sense RNA which is carried by the virus itself

Always Bring D Polymerase Or Fail Replication


shabdo
Butyavirus Parametxo
Arenavious
Filovirus viruses
viruses
Flees v

ate S

ve sense can directly synthesize proteins from the sons


Astrovirus RNA
Calicivirus
Coronavirus
Flavivirus
Heperians
Matonavirus
Reovirus
Retrovirus
Toganians
Segmented Genome RNA viruses
Reoviruses 10 12 segments
Oathomyxoviruses 7 8

Bunyaviruses 3
Arenaviruses 2

presence of segments these viruses can show genetic


reassortment
Protein Coat capsid
covers the nucleic acid
nucleic acid t protein coat nucleocapsid
made of capsomeres proteinsubunits
arrangement of capsomeres determines Capsid symmetry
helical
Capsid Symmmmetry icosahedral

Icosahedral All DNA viruses


Except Poxviruses complex symmetry

Helical some RNA viruses Rest all RNA viruses


Always Arenavirus I
Bring Bungavirus icosahedral
c Corona symmetry
Polymerase Paramyxo
Os orthomyxo
Fail Filo
Replication Rhabdo
Lipid Envelope may or may not be present
viruses without envelope Naked viruses
viruses with envelope Enveloped viruses

Lipid envelope makes the virus soluble in lipid solvents


enveloped viruses are easierto kill

Enveloped DNA Viruses Naked DNA viruses


Pox P Paavo
Hepadna A Adeno

Herpes P Polyama
P papilloma

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