Process Engineering Safety and Safeguarding System oil Gas
Industry
3.3.6 Engineering Requirements
3.3.7 Process
3.3.8 Piping
3.3.9 Instrumentation
3.3.10 Equipment Protection
3.3.11 Flushing
3.3.12 Shaft Sealing
3.3.13 Operational Aspects and Failure Modes
3.3.14 Equipment Design/Selection - Process
3.4.0 Compressors (including Centrifugal/Axial, Reciprocating and Rotary
Compressors, and Centrifugal fans).
3.4.1 Representation on PEFS
3.4.2 Engineering Requirements
3.4.3 Process
3.4.4 Piping
3.4.5 Equipment Protection
3.4.6 Shaft Sealing
3.5.0 Operational Aspects and Failure Modes
3.5.1 Equipment Design/Selection - Process
3.5.2 Vertical Storage Tanks
3.5.3 Representation on PEFS/UEFS
3.5.4 Engineering Requirements
3.5.5 Tank Protection
3.5.6 Tank Lay-out
3.5.7 Operational Aspects and Failure Modes
Process Engineering Safety and Safeguarding System oil Gas
Industry
3.5.8 Equipment Design - Process
3.6.0 Fired Equipment
3.6.1 Representation on PEFS
3.6.2 Fired Equipment Design
3.6.3 Fired Equipment Layout
3.6.4 Fired Equipment Protection
3.7.0 Operational aspects and failure mode
3.8.0 Typical Piping and Valve Arrangement
3.8.1 Isolation
3.8.2 General
3.8.3 Standard Isolation
3.8.4 Positive Isolation
3.8.5 Expandable Plug Isolation
3.8.6 Process Engineering Aspects of Isolation
3.8.7 Operational Aspects and Failure Modes
3.9.0 Valves
3.9.1 General
3.9.2 Selection of Valves
3.9.3 Special Valve Types and their Application
3.9.4 Special Properties of Valves
3.9.5 Power Operated Valves
3.9.6 Operational Aspects and Failure Modes
3.10.0 Drain and Vent Connections
3.10.1 Engineering Requirements
Process Engineering Safety and Safeguarding System oil Gas
Industry
3.10.2 Test Connections 1
3.10.3 Sample Connections for Manual Sampling System
3.10.5 Representation on PEFS
3.10.6 Engineering Requirements
3.10.7 Piping
3.10.8 Instrumentation
3.11.0 Protective Heating of Piping Systems
3.11.1 General
3.11.2 Steam Tracing
3.11.3 Steam Jacketing
3.11.4 Electrical Tracing
3.12.0 Flushing
3.12.1 Representation on PEFS
3.12.2 Engineering Requirements
3.13.0 Utility Tie-Ins to Process
3.13.1 Representation on PEFS
3.13.2 Engineering Requirements
3.14.0 Flame Arresters
3.14.1 Introduction
3.14.2 Definitions
3.14.3 Deflagration
3.14.4 Detonation
3.14.5 Endurance burning
3.14.6 Short time burning
Process Engineering Safety and Safeguarding System oil Gas
Industry
3.14.7 Maximum Experimental Safe Gap
3.15.0 Application Areas
3.15.1 Flame arresters in waste gas systems
3.15.2 Detonation arresters in VRU systems
3.14.3 Storage tanks
3.15.0 Types of Arresters
3.15.1 Conventional Flame and Detonation arresters
3.15.2 End of line and in–line flame arresters 1
3.15.2 Metal-type flame arresters 1
3.15.3 Gravel-type flame arresters
3.15.4 Water-seal type flame arresters
3.15.5 Purge systems
3.15.6 Design Aspects
3.16.0 Construction Details
3.17.0 Installation Aspects
4.0.0 Introduction
4.1.1 Basic Concepts
4.1.1.1 Pressures in Process Design and Mechanical Pressure System Design
4.1.1.2 Pressures in Design of relief Systems/Devices (DEP 01.00.01.30-Gen.)
4.1.1.3 Temperatures in Design
4.1.1.4 Temperature and Pressure vs. Mechanical Design of a Pressure Vessel
4.1.1.5 Determining the Pressure System
4.1.1.6 Determining the Design Pressure (Upper Design Pressure)
4.2.0 General Principles of Defense against Overpressure
Process Engineering Safety and Safeguarding System oil Gas
Industry
4.2.1 Simultaneous Occurrence of Overpressure Cases
4.2.2 Effect of Operator response
4.2.3 Overpressure Protection by Instruments
4.2.4 Instrumented Protective Functions to Eliminate a Relief Scenario
4.2.5 The Role of Check Valves (Non-Return Valves)
4.2.6 The Role of Locking Systems on Block Valves/Administrative Controls
4.2.7 The Effect of Automatic Control
4.2.8 Remote Contingency
4.3.0 Description of the Final Safeguarding Elements
4.3.1 Determination of Individual Relief Cases
4.3.2 Electrical Power Failure
4.3.3 Total Cooling Water Failure - CW
4.3.4 Total Instrument Air Failure - IN
4.3.5 Inadvertent Valve Opening - SI
4.3.6 Blocked Outlet – SI
4.3.7 Other Failure - SI
4.3.8 Fire - FO
4.3.9 Thermal Expansion – TH
4.4.0 De-pressuring Systems
4.4.1 Emergency De-pressuring (EDP) Systems
4.4.2 De-pressuring Systems for Process Safeguarding/Operating Reasons
4.5.0 Safeguarding by Instrumentation
4.5.1 Concept
4.5.2 Classification of instrumented protective functions
Process Engineering Safety and Safeguarding System oil Gas
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4.5.3 Implementation of instrumented protective functions
4.5.4 Testing
4.5.5 Examples of IPF initiating elements
4.6.0 Interfaces with other Units and Unit Sections
4.7.0 Pressure Relief and Disposal Systems
4.8.0 Pressure Relief Devices
4.8.1 Definition of Terms
4.8.2 Types and Sizes of Pressure Relief Devices
4.8.3 Arrangement of Pressure Relief Valves
4.8.4 Disposal Systems
4.8.5 Flare Systems
4.8.6 Venting to Atmosphere
4.8.7 Disposal Back into Process or Storage
4.9.0 The Safeguarding Memorandum (SGM) and Process Safeguarding Flow
Scheme (PSFS)
4.9.1 Safeguarding Memorandum
4.9.2 Process Safeguarding Flow Scheme
4.10 Calculation Procedures
4.10.1 Calculation of Flow through Control Valves and Globe Valves
4.10.2 Control Valves
4.10.3 Globe Valves
4.10.4 Preliminary Estimate of the Size of Control Valve and Bypass Valve
4.10.5 Calculation of Potential Pressure Wave during Heat Exchanger Tube
Rupture
4.10.6 Calculation of Flow from a Ruptured Tube
Process Engineering Safety and Safeguarding System oil Gas
Industry
4.10.7 Sizing of De-pressuring Valves
4.11.0 General
4.11.1 System Inventory/ internal wetted area
4.11.2 Vapor from Liquid Vaporization by Fire (WF)
4.11.3. Vapor from Liquid Flash due to De-pressuring (WLF)
4.11.4 Calculation of Vapor Produced by Fire (WF) and Liquid Flash (WLF)
4.11.5 Vapor from Density Change (WD)
4.11.6 Calculation of the Initial De-pressuring Flow Rate and Sizing of the Valve
4.12.0 Low Temperature Considerations during De-pressuring
4.12.1 Vessels containing light hydrocarbons
4.11.2 Vessels/ equipment containing mainly vapor
5.0.0 Personnel Protection from Burns or Exposure to Chemicals
5.1.0 General
5.1.1 Jump-Pits (Plunge Baths)
5.1.2 Safety Showers
5.1.3 Eye Wash Facilities
5.2.0 Safe Handling of Very Toxic Substances
5.2.1 Introduction
5.2.2 Design & Engineering Measures
5.2.3 Basic Considerations
5.2.4 Equipment Design and Engineering Practices for equipment and piping
5.2.5 Miscellaneous requirements:
5.4.0 Hydrogen Sulfide
5.4.1 Introduction
Process Engineering Safety and Safeguarding System oil Gas
Industry
5.4.2 General
5.4.3 Health Effects
5.4.4 Effects on the Environment
5.4.5 Effects on Equipment
5.4.6 Sources and Amounts of H2S Release & Definition of ―Very Toxic‖ Service
5.4.7 Design & Engineering Measures
5.4.8 H2S Detection Systems
5.4.9 H2S Area Classification and Personnel/General Safety Measures
5.5.0 Benzene
5.4.1 Introduction
5.4.2 General
5.4.3 Health Effects
5.4.4 Design & Engineering Measures
5.4.5 Benzene Detection Systems
6.0.0 Summary of Definitions & Parameters used in HEMP
