Special Issue - 2021 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

ISSN: 2278-0181
NCCDS - 2021 Conference Proceedings

Automatic Waste Management and Segregation

System using IoT
Namratha A M#1, Nandini S#2, Nanditha K#3, Meghashree C#4, Dr. Manjula G#5
1-4
Students, BE, Department of ECE, GSSSIETW, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
5
Associate Professor, Department of ECE, GSSSIETW- Affiliated to VTU, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.

Abstract-This system is developed to overcome the challenges, peak level. Therefore, instant action will be taken by the
barriers and to provide an opportunity for improvements in alarmed authorities once the status of a bin is notified through
waste management and segregation system. The Automatic waste the internet. Ultrasonic sensor, node MCU, blynk app, a servo
management and segregation system use the concept of IoT, motor is used to develop the proposed system.
where the proposed system is placed all over the cities, with an
embedded system to segregate and monitor the level of the bin.
Nikolaos Baras, Dimitris Ziouzios, 2020[2] introduces “A
The status of bins is sent to concerned authorities to evacuate the cloud-based smart recycling bin for in-house waste
bins and the locations of bins are traced via the internet. This classification” urban waste increases as long as modern
system reduces human intervention, interaction and also reduces lifestyle increases. Recycling is the best way to create a
the consumption of time and cost. sustainable environment and also it needs the segregation of
Keywords-IR sensor, MQ sensor, Dry wet sensor, Arduino Uno, waste materials which is a tedious time-consuming task. It is
Node MCU, Bin. the minimal cost and effective smart recycling bin that uses the
power of the cloud in order with waste classification in
I. INTRODUCTION personal in-house usage. A centralized Information System
In the current situation, India is facing various challenges in collects measurements in smart dustbins, the waste in each bin
the environment by the waste generated such as improper can be classified using Artificial Intelligence and also neural
waste collection, treatment, transport, disposal. The most networks. And it is capable of classifying different types of
difficult challenge is from its inception to its disposal. Due to waste with an accuracy of 93.4%.
the increasing urban population, our country cannot survive Shashank Shetty, Sanket Salvi, 2020[3] This introduces the
the current system which results in environmental and public SAF-Sutra: “A Prototype of Remote Smart waste segregation
health pollution. and garbage level monitoring system”, which can remotely
Waste can be solid or liquid and each type of waste will have monitor and is built at a very minimal cost. The design of the
different methods of disposal. Waste will be a threat to human presented system considers the portability and ease of
health. Proper management of waste is necessary and assembly of components as the essential factors during
important to have a healthy lifestyle. An unhygienic implementations. The demonstration shows the implemented
environment will be created if flooding of the dustbins system; its interaction with the user using the mobile along
happens every day. Waste segregation i.e., separation of dry with the web application.
and wet waste is also important. Segregation of waste helps in Clude-Noel Tamakloe, Dr. Elena v. Rosca, Introduces the
the reduction of the amount of waste that gets landfilled and Smart System and the Internet of Things (IoT) for waste
also reduces air and water pollution. If we segregate the waste, management to provide an efficient and effective manner for
it is easy to dispose of compared to mixed waste. waste disposal, improving the city’s waste management. The
This application helps in managing and segregating waste. proposed system is drawn and makeup a prototype of a solar
Dustbins are placed in the entire city; it is delivered with powered, compact smart garbage bin whose monitoring is
minimum cost embedded method to assist in tracking of the done with server side applications. The smart garbage bin is
garbage bins. Once the bin is filled and reached its maximum capable of monitoring internal garbage levels, compact them,
level an SMS text is sent to the municipal corporation. Then and also free 25% of the space with each compactness. The bin
instant action will be taken by the respective authorities once detects and monitors the total weight and is capable of sending
the status of the bin will be notified through the Internet. This all the information to a secure server side application.
system which is proposed is developed by using ultrasonic Rania Rizki Arinta, Dominikus Boli Watomakin, 2020[5]
sensors, node MUC, servo motor. introduces the “Improves smart waste management to preserve
tourist’s attractions Yogyakarta in IoT environment”, the main
II. LITERATURE SURVEY agenda is to make waste recycled, if it is not recycled, it will
Padmakshi Venkateshwara Rao, Pathan Mahammed Abdul make the decomposition process more tedious. Therefore, the
Azeez, 2020[1] introduces the “IoT based Waste Management dustbin is integrated with the smartphone to find out
for Smart Cities” to overcome the challenges in the information about the capacity of the garbage by using the
environment such as inadequate waste collection, treatment, ultrasonic sensor. The wi-fi module combined with the dustbin
disposal. Due to flooding of the dustbin causes unhygienic allows the sensor to send the data through the wi-fi module via
conditions are created, the dustbin is placed in the entire city; smartphone.
it is delivered with minimum cost embedded method to assist Chethan Kaushal, Anshu Singha, 2020[6] introduce the
in tracking of the garbage, therefore the “Blynk app” is used Architecture for garbage monitoring systems using integrated
to get the immediate SMS as early as garbage bin reaches its technology, proposed the novel architecture of waste

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Special Issue - 2021 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
NCCDS - 2021 Conference Proceedings

management that utilizes the concept of IoT and digital image the department for collection of garbage, then the bin will be
processing, the architecture acts as a surveillance system to emptied. Else the above process repeats.
monitor the over the flow of the garbage and delivers the
message to the concerned authorities to take the necessary and
instant action.

III. METHODOLOGY
In this proposed system, the two bins were used to store dry
and wet waste, these bins are replaceable for cleaning
purposes. The waste is placed on the dry wet sensor. The dry-
wet sensor is set with a threshold value of moisture. This
senses the moisture content; the relay helps in the rotation of
the servo motor in both clockwise and anticlockwise directions
hence it moves waste into its respective bins. The IR sensors
are used to know the level of the garbage in the bin and
intimate the message to the municipality. The MQ sensor is
used to detect the odor and the concentration of different gases.
All the sensed data from Arduino UNO using sensors are sent
to the cloud using node MCU. The program would be coded
in embedded C. Thus, messages will be displayed to the users
in the LCD, and obtained status will be notified to the
authorized people via MQTT protocol for sending bin status.

Fig.2. Flow chart of the proposed system

IV. WORKING PRINCIPLE

• In our proposed system, it contains two bins for the
storage of wastes. Initially, the waste has to be placed on
the dry-wet moisture sensor.
• It senses the moisture content of waste using the dielectric
permittivity of the medium which is a function of water
content. Then it displays in the LCD to the user whether
this detected waste is dry or wet based on a previously set
threshold value.
• With the help of relay and Servo motor, the wastes are
moved into their respective bins. The IR sensors in both
bins are used to detect the amount of garbage inside it.
• If the bins are filled then messages are sent to the
municipality to evacuate the bin at the earliest and in LCD
the message will be displayed to the user that the bill is
filled.
• The MQ sensor and flame sensors are used to check the
odor and combustion in wet and dry bins respectively.
• If any odor or combustive substance is detected it sends a
message to the municipality based on the concentration of
the gases present.
Fig1. Block diagram of proposed work
• Thus, the status of bins is sent to the cloud via MQTT
protocol which can be accessed by the municipality.
The below figure depicts the flow of our project where we
initially initialize the library functions, declaration of the pin
has to be done, we have assigned the pre-set values to sensors.
We have to check if the button is pressed if yes it proceeds to
the next step, else it will halt the process.
The system will check for moisture content of waste then it
will segregate waste into dry or wet waste based on previously
set values. If the bin is filled then the message will be sent to

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Special Issue - 2021 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
NCCDS - 2021 Conference Proceedings

V. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 4. NodeMCU

1. Arduino Uno

Fig.6.NodeMCU
Fig.3. Arduino Uno
NodeMCU is an integrated chip that provides full internet
The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller. The connectivity to the embedded circuit in which it is present. It
board is provided with digital and analog I/O pin sets. It is mapped through the USB port using Arduino IDE. It
contains fourteen digital I/O pins in which 6 of PWM output, contains 30 pins of which 9 pins are digital pins while 1 pin is
Six analog I/O pins, and is programmable with the Arduino an analog pin. It is a tool that works on Wi-Fi networking. It
Uno. It might be turned on with the help of a USB cable or has low power consumption. In this project, it has been
with help of external 9 volt battery, it can accept voltage from employed as the main microcontroller owing to its inbuilt Wi-
7 to 20 volt. Fi connecting capacity which can be exploited to transmit real-
time monitored sensor data to web and mobile interfaces.
2. Infrared sensor
5. Dry wet sensor

Fig.4. IR Sensor
Fig.7. Dry wet sensor
An infrared sensor emits to sense the surroundings. It is used
to detect the amount of waste in each dustbin. Thus, it helps in The moisture sensor has been used to detect the type of waste
preventing overflow of bins. being placed on it. Here the sensor classifies the waste into dry
and wet based on the moisture content on it.; if the moisture
3. MQ sensor content is above a preset threshold value, then the waste is
declared as wet waste else it is declared as dry waste.
6. Servo motor

Fig.5. MQ sensor

The MQ sensor gas sensor is a highly sensitive sensor used

to detect gases like ammonia, smoke, sulphur, and other
harmful gases. It used to detect toxic substance and explosive Fig.8. Servo motor
gasses and measure gas concentration. Here it is used to detect
the odour of waste and sends an SMS to municipal department A servomotor is an electric motor. It is controlled with the
if there is strong concentration of odour. Hence helps to have help of servomechanism. A servo motor is an electrical device,
good environmental condition. that spins the parts of a machine with high efficiency and with
great precision. In our project servo motor moves both
bidirectional clockwise and anticlockwise at an appropriate
angle to dispose of the trash at a particular place.

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Special Issue - 2021 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
NCCDS - 2021 Conference Proceedings

7. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
• Framework open c.
• The programming language Python 3.7
• IDE: Python Idle
• MySQL

VI. ADVANTAGES
• This system keeps our surroundings free, clean, and green
from the odor of trashes supports good environmental
conditions, and keeps towns more beautiful.
• It also helps to reduce the requirement of manpower to
manage the waste collection process. Fig.9. The proposed system
• Due to direct message transformation between smart
segregation system and municipal department the traffic
flow on the road reduces.
• The automatic waste segregation process also helps to
reduce the health issues and work stress of workers who
manually segregate the wastes.
• It also plays a major role in the reduction of environmental
pollution.

VII. DISADVANTAGES
• The system requires a greater number of garbage bins for
separate waste collection as per the population in the city.
This results in a high initial cost.
• The sensor nodes used in the dust bins will have limited
Fig.10. Rare view of Proposed system
memory size.
• It is an automatic system there is no human requirement
which results in unemployment.

VIII. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

• This project can be used in our day-to-day life, which will
be able to segregate the dry and wet waste.
• This system monitors the status of the bin and intimates it
to the municipality.
• It avoids overflow of bins which in turn reduces the
environmental pollution and hazards to human health.
• It enables the wireless transmission of data and its data
can be accessed anywhere at any time. Fig.11. Message displayed to place waste near container.
The proposed system can be implemented everywhere in the
cities and also in urban areas to which pollution free and
creates an environmentfriendly atmosphere which helps to
lead healthy, hazardous free life. It saves the life of the people
without causing hazards to life by avoiding the overflow of
bins.

Fig.12. Message displayed to replace the bin as the dry bin is filled.

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Special Issue - 2021 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
NCCDS - 2021 Conference Proceedings

IX. CONCLUSION
This paper enhances the cleanliness of the smart cities by the
practical application of “Automatic waste management and
segregation system using IOT”. With urbanization and
increasing population, disposal of waste is a major concern.
This proposed system is an effective waste segregation system
that has no human intervention or interference to separate dry
and wet waste. It provides timely collection and disposal. The
proposed system can be deployed on a domestic scale in a
household or a large scale in public places.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Fig.13. Message displayed that waste detected is wet in condition. Our sincere thanks to Dr. Rajendra R Patil, Head of
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
for his guidance and support. We render our heartfelt gratitude
to Dr. Manjula G for her constant support and eternal guidance
throughout our project.

REFERNCES
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[2] Nikolaos Baras, Dimitris Ziouzios “A cloud based smart recycling
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Conference on Electrical, Communication and Computer
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[3] Shashank Shetty, Sanket Salvi "SAF-Sutra: A prototype of Remote
Fig.14. Message sent to cloud. Smart Waste Segregation and Garbage Level Monitoring System"
International Conference Communication and Signal Processing,
India, July 28-30,2020.
In the above fig.14, The messages can be displayed in both [4] Claude-Noel Tamakaloe, Dr.Elena V.Rosca "Smart System and
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[6] Chetna Kaushal, Anshu Singla "Architecture for garbage
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Fig.15. Message obtained at the authorized end.

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