NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 10

Mathematics

Chapter 9 - Circles

Multiple Choice Questions

Choose the correct answer from the given four options:

Sample Question 1: If angle between two radii of a circle is 130° , the angle
between the tangents at the ends of the radii is:

(A) 90°

(B) 50°

(C) 70°

(D) 40°

Ans: Correct Answer is (B)

sum of angles between radii and intersection point of tangent is 180

Therefore,

 180  130  50

Hence, angle between the tangents at the ends of the radii is 50

Sample Question 2: In Fig. 9.1, the pair of tangents AP and AQ drawn from an
external point A to a circle with centre O are perpendicular to each other and
length of each tangent is 5 cm then the radius of the circle is

(A) 10 am

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 1

(B) 7.5 cm

(C) 5 cm

(D) 2.5 cm

Ans: Correct Answer is (C)

Given that AP  AQ  5cm [ tangents from external points are equal]

If lines drawn from A to O , P to O and Q to O then, radii makes right angle with
tangent

So, APO  AQO  by R.H.S

If, PAQ  90 then PAO  45

In APO ,

OP OP
tan45 = 
AP 5

OP
1 
5

OP  5cm

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 2

Hence, radii is 5cm .

Sample Question 3: In Fig. 9.2, PQ is a chord of a circle and PT is the tangent

at p such that QPT = 60° Then PRQ is equal to

(A) 135°

(B) 150°

(C) 120°

(D) 110°

1
[Hint : OPQ = OPQ = 30° , i.e., POQ = 120°.Also, PRQ = reflex POQ]
2

Ans: Correct Answer is (C)

Because radius and tangent are perpendicular at their point of contact so,
OPT  90

Therefore,

OPQ  OPT  QPT

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 3

  90  60  30

OQ  OP  radius

So, OPQ  OQP  30 [angles opposite to equal sides]

In POQ

POQ + OPQ + OQP  180

POQ  180  30  30  120

Now,

POQ + reflex POQ  360

reflexPOQ  360  120  240

As, angle subtended by an arc at the centre doubles the angle subtended.

1
So, PRQ  (reflexPOQ)  120
2

EXERCISE 9.1

1. If radii of two concentric circles are 4 cm and 5 cm, then length of each chord
of one circle which is tangent to the other circle, is

(A) 3 cm

(B) 6 cm
(C) 9 cm
(D) 1 cm
Ans: Correct answer is B

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 4

Let O be the centre of two concentric circles C1 and C2 , whose radii are

r1 = 4 cm and r2 = 5 cm
Now, we draw a chord AC of circle C2 , which touches the circle C1 at B.

Also, join OB, which is perpendicular to AC.

[Tangent at any point of circle is perpendicular to radius throughly the point of

contact]

Now, in right angled OBC , by using Pythagoras theorem,

OC 2  BC 2  BO 2  ( hypotenuse )2  ( base )2  ( perpendicular )2 

 52  BC 2  42

 BC 2  25  16  9

BC = 3cm

 Length of chord AC=2BC=2  3=6cm

2. In figure, if AOB = 125° then COD is equal to

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 5

(A) 62.5°

(B) 45o

(C) 35o

(D) 55o

Ans: Correct answer is D.

We know that, the opposite sides of a quadrilateral circumscribing a circle subtend

supplementary angles at the centre of the circle.

i.e., AOB  COD  180o

 COD  180o  AOB

 COD  180o  125o

 COD  55o

3. In figure, AB is a chord of the circle and AOC is its diameter such that
ACB = 50° . If AT is the tangent to the circle at the point A, then BAT is
equal to

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 6

(A) 45°

(B) 60°

(C) 50°

(D) 55°

Ans: Correct answer is C

In figure, AOC is a diameter of the circle. We know that, diameter subtends an angle
90 at the circle.

So, ABC  90

In ACB ,

A  B  C  180

[Since, sum of all angles of a triangle is 180 ]

 A  90  50  180

 A + 140 = 180

 A = 180  140  40

A or OAB  40

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 7

Now, AT is the tangent to the circle at point A . So, OA is perpendicular to AT.

 OAT  90 [from figure]

 OAB  BAT  90

On putting OAB  40 , we get

 BAT  90  40  50

Hence, the value of BAT is 50 .

4. From a point P which is at a distance of 13 cm from the centre O of a circle

of radius 5 cm, the pair of tangents PQ and PR to the circle is drawn. Then, the
area of the quadrilateral PQOR is

(A) 60 cm2

(B) 65 cm2

(C) 30 cm2

(D) 32.5 cm2

Ans: Correct answer is A

Firstly, draw a circle of radius 5 cm having centre O.

P is a point at a distance of 13 cm from O.

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 8

A pair of tangents PQ and PR is drawn.

Thus, quadrilateral PQOR is formed.

OQ  QP [Since, AP is a tangent line]

In right angled PQO, OP 2  OQ 2  QP 2

 132  52  QP 2

 QP 2  169  25  144

 QP  12cm

1
Now, area of OQP   QP  QO
2

1
  12  5  30cm2
2

Area of quadrilateral QORP = 2OQP =2  30=60cm 2

5. At one end A of a diameter AB of a circle of radius 5 cm, tangent XAY is

drawn to the circle. The length of the chord CD parallel to XY and at a distance
8 cm from A, is

(A) 4 cm

(B) 5 cm

(C) 6 cm

(D) 8 cm

Ans: Correct answer is D

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 9

First, draw a circle of radius 5 cm having centre O.

A tangent XY is drawn at point A.

A chord CD is drawn which is parallel to XY and at a distance of 8cm from A .

Now, OAY  90

[Tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of
contact]

OAY  OED  180

 sum of co interior is 180

 OED  1800

Also, AE  8cm.Join OC

Now, in right angled OEC ,

 OC 2  OE 2  EC 2 [by Pythagoras theorem]

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 10

 EC 2  OC 2  OE 2

 52 - 32
OC = radius = 5 cm, OE = AE - AO = 8 - 5 = 3 cm

 25 - 9

 EC = 4 cm
Hence, length of chord CD  2CE  2  4  8cm

[Since, perpendicular from centre to the chord bisects the chord]

6. In figure, AT is a tangent to the circle with centre O such that OT = 4cm

and OTA = 30° . Then, AT is equal to

(A) 4 cm

(B) 2 cm

(C) 2 3cm

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 11

(D) 4 3cm

Ans: Correct answer is C

Join OA

We know that, the tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius
through the point of contact.

OAT = 900

AT
In OAT, cos 300 =
OT

3 AT
 =
2 2

 AT = 2 3 cm

7. In figure, if 0 is the centre of a circle, PQ is a chord and the tangent PR at P,

makes an angle of 50° with PQ, then POQ is equal to

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 12

(A) 100°

(B) 80°

(C) 90°

(D) 75°

Ans: Correct answer is A

Given, QPR = 50

We know that, the tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius
through the point of contact.

 OPR = 90

 OPQ  QPR  90 [from figure]

OPQ = 90- 50=400

 QPR  50 

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 13

Now, OP = OQ = Radius of circle

 OQP  OPQ  40 [Since, angles opposite to equal sides are equal]

In OPQ, O  P  Q  180 [since, sum of angles of a triangle  180 

 O  180   40  40   P  40  Q 

 180  80  100

8. In figure, if PA and PB are tangents to the circle with centre O such that
APB = 50° , then OAB is equal to

(A) 25°

(B) 30°

(C) 40°

(D) 50°

Ans: Correct answer is A

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 14

Given, PA and PB are tangent lines.

 PA  PB

[since, the length of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle is equal]

 PBA  PAB   [ say]

In PAB , P  A  B  180 [since, sum of angles of a triangle  180 ]

 50      180

 2  180  50  130

   65

Also, OA  PA [Since, tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius

through the point of contact]

 PAO  90

 PAB  BAO  90

 65  BAO  90

 BAO  90  65  25

Given, PA and PB are tangent lines.

9. If two tangents inclined at an angle 60° are drawn to a circle of radius 3 cm,
then the length of each tangent is

3
(A) 3cm
2
(B) 6 cm

(C) 3 cm

(D) 3 3cm

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 15

Ans: Correct answer is D

Let P be an external point and a pair of tangents is drawn from point P and angle
between these two tangents is 60 .

Join OA and OP

Also, OP is a bisector line of APC

APO = CPO = 300

Also, OA  AP (Tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius

through the point of contact).

OA
In OAP, tan 300 =
AP
1 3
 =
3 AP

 AP = 3 3 cm

Hence, the length of each tangent is 3 3 cm

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 16

10. In figure, if PQR is the tangent to a circle at Q whose centre is 0, AB is a
chord parallel to PR and BQR = 70° , then AQB is equal to

(A) 20°

(B) 40°

(C) 35°

(D) 45°

Ans: Correct answer is B

Given AB ║PR

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 17

 ABQ  BQR  70 [Alternate angles]

Also, QD is perpendicular to AB and QD bisects AB.

In QDA and QDB ,

QDA  QDB [each 90⁰]

AD  BD

QD  QD [common side]

 ADQ  BDQ [ by SAS similarity criterion]

Then QAD  QBD [CPCT](i)

Also, ABQ  BQR [alternate interior angle]

 ABQ  70  BQR  70 

Hence, QAB  70 [from Eq. (i)]

Now, In ABQ

A  B  Q  180

 Q  180   70  70   40

Short Answer Questions with Reasoning

Write ‘True’ or ‘False’ and give reasons for your answer.

Sample Question 1: In Fig. 9.9, BOA is a diameter of a circle and the tangent at
a point P meets BA extended at T. If PBO = 30o , then PTA is equal to 30o ?

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 18

Ans: True.

As BPA  90 ,

PAB  OPA  60.

Also, OP  PT .

Therefore, APT  30 and PTA  60  30  30.

Sample Question 2: In Fig. 9.10, PQL and PRM are tangents to the circle with
centre O at the points Q and R, respectively and S is a point on the circle such
that SQL = 50o and SRM = 60o . Then QSR is equal to 40o .

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 19

Ans: False.

Given that SQL  50 ,

 OSQ  90  50  40

As the angles opposite to equal sides are equal,

 OSQ  OQS  40

And SRM  60 ,

 RSO  90  60  30

As the angles opposite to equal sides are equal,

 RSO  SRO  30

So, QSR  40  30  70

Hence, QSR  70

EXERCISE 9.2

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 20

1. If a chord AB subtends an angle of 60° at the centre of a circle, then angle
between the tangents at A and B is also 60° .

Ans: False

Since a chord AB subtends an angle of 60 at the centre of a circle.

i.e., AOB  60

As OA  OB  Radius of the circle

 OAB  OBA  60

The tangent at points A and B is drawn, which intersect at C . We know, OA  AC

and OB  BC .

 OAC  90 , OBC  90

 OAB  BAC  90

And OBA  ABC  90

 BAC  90  60  30

And ABC  90  60  30

In ABC ,

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 21

 BAC  CBA  ACB  180 [Since, sum of all interior angles of a triangle is
180 ]

 ACB  180   30  30   120

2. The length of tangent from an external point P on a circle is always greater

than the radius of the circle.

Ans: False

Because the length of tangent from an external point P on a circle may or may not
be greater than the radius of the circle.

3. The length of tangent from an external point P on a circle with centre O is

always less than OP.
Ans: True

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 22

PT is a tangent drawn from external point P . Join OT.

OT  PT

So, OPT is a right angled triangle formed.

In right angled triangle, hypotenuse is always greater than any of the two sides of
the triangle.

 OP  PT Or PT  OP

4. The angle between two tangents to a circle may be 0 ° .

Ans: True

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 23

This may be possible only when both tangent lines coincide or are parallel to each
other.

5. If angle between two tangents drawn from a point P to a circle of radius a

and centre 0 is 90° , then OP = a 2 .

Ans: True

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 24

From point P , two tangents are drawn.

Given, OT = a

Also, line OP bisects the RPT .

 TPO = RPO = 45

Also, OT  PT

OT
In right angled OTP, sin45 
OP

1 a
   OP  a 2
2 OP

6. If angle between two tangents drawn from a point P to a circle of radius a

and centre O is 60° , then OP = 2a .

Ans: True

From point P , two tangents are drawn.

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 25

Given, OT = as

Also, line OP bisects the RPT .

 TPO  RPO  30

Also, OT  PT

In right angled OTP ,

OT
sin 30 
OP

1 a
 =
2 OP
 OP = 2a

7. The tangent to the circumcircle of an isosceles ΔABC at A, in which AB = AC

, is parallel to BC.
Ans: True

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 26

Let EAF be tangent to the circumcircle of ABC .

Here, AB  AC

 ABC = ACB ... (i)

[Angle between tangent and is chord equal to angle made by chord in the alternate
segment]

 Also, EAB = BCA ... (ii)

From Eqs. (i) And (ii), we get

 EAB  ABC
 EAF || BC

8. If a number of circles touch a given line segment PQ at a point A, then their

centres lie on the perpendicular bisector of PQ.
Ans: False

Given that PQ is any line segment and S1 , S2 , S3 , S4 … circles are touch a line
segment PQ at a point A. Let the centres of the circles S1 , S2 , S3 , S4 … be
C1 , C2 , C3 , C4 … respectively

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 27

To prove centres of these circles lie on the perpendicular bisector PQ

Now, joining each centre of the circles to the point A on the line segment PQ by a
line segment i.e., C1 A, C2 A, C3 A, C4 A … so on.

We know that, if we draw a line from the centre of a circle to its tangent line, then
the line is always perpendicular to the tangent line. But it not bisect the line segment
PQ.

C1 A  PQ  for S1 

C2 A  PQ  for S2 

C3 A  PQ for S3 

C4 A  PQ  for S4  …So on.

Since, each circle is passing through a point A. Therefore, all the line segments
C1 A, C2 A, C3 A, C4 A …. So on are coincident.

So, centre of each circle lies on the perpendicular line of PQ but they do not lie on
the perpendicular bisector of PQ.

Hence, a number of circles touch a given line segment PQ at a point A, then their
centres lie.

9. If a number of circles pass through the end points P and Q of a line segment
PQ, then their centres lie on the perpendicular bisector of PQ.

Ans: True

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 28

We draw two circle with centres C1 and C2 passing through the end points P and
Q of a line segment PQ. We know, that perpendicular bisectors of a chord of a circle
always passes through the centre of circle.

Thus, perpendicular bisector of PQ passes through C1 and C2 . Similarly, all the circle
passing through P will have their centre on perpendiculars bisectors of PQ.

10. AB is a diameter of a circle and AC is its chord such that BAC = 30° . If
the tangent at C intersects AB extended at D, then BC = BD .

Ans: True

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 29

Join BC and OC

Given, BAC  30

 BCD  30

[Angle between tangent and chord is equal to angle made by chord in the alternate
segment]

ACD = ACO + OCD = 30 + 90 = 120

OC  CD
And OA  OC  radius  OAC  OCA  30

In ACD ,

CAD  ACD  ADC  180

[Since, sum of all interior angles of a triangle is 180 ]

 30  120  ADC  180

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 30

 ADC  180   30  120   30
Now, in BCD ,

BCD  BDC  30

 BC  BD

[Since, sides opposite to equal angles are equal]

Short Answer Questions

Sample Question 1: If d1 , d2 (d2 > d1 ) be the diameters of two concentric circles

and c be the length of a chord of a circle which is tangent to the other circle,
prove that d2 2 = c2 + d12 .

Ans: Let AB be chord of circle that touches other circle at C .

Now, OCB is a right-angled triangle.

Using the Pythagoras theorem,

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 31

 OC 2  CB 2  OB 2
1 1 1
 d12  c 2  d 2 2
2 2 2
 d 2 2  c 2  d12
Hence proved.

Sample Question 2: If a, b, c are the sides of a right triangle where c is the

hypotenuse, prove that the radius r of the circle which touches the sides of the
a+b-c
triangle is given by r = .
2

Ans:

Let circle touch sides BC, CA, AB of the right angled triangle ABC at D, E, F
respectively, where BC  a, CA  b, AB  c .

So, AE = AF and BD = BF.

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 32

Also, CE = CD = r.

i.e. b  r  AF, a  r  BF

or

AB  c  AF + BF
 AB  b  r  a  r
abc
r 
2
Hence proved.

EXERCISE 9.3

1. Out of the two concentric circles, the radius of the outer circle is 5 cm and
the chord AC of length 8 cm is a tangent to the inner circle. Find the radius of
the inner circle.

Ans: Let C1 and C2 be the two circles having same centre O. AC is a chord which
touches the C1 at point D.

Join OD.

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 33

Also, OD  AC

 AD = DC = 4cm [Perpendicular line OD bisects the chord]

In right angled AOD,

OA 2 = AD 2 + DO 2

[By Pythagoras theorem, i.e.  hypotenuse  = (base) 2 + (perpendicular)2 ]

2

 DO 2  52  42

 25  16  9

 DO  3cm
Radius of the inner circle OD = 3cm .

2. Two tangents PQ and PR are drawn from an external point to a circle with
centre O. Prove that QORP is a cyclic quadrilateral.

Ans:

Given: Two tangents PQ and PR are drawn from an external point to a circle with
centre O.

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 34

Proof: Since, PR and PQ are tangents.

So, OR  PR and OQ  PQ

[Since, if we draw a line from centre of a circle to its tangent line. Then, the line
always perpendicular to the tangent line]

 ORP  OQP  90

Hence, ORP  OQP  180

So, QOPR is cyclic quadrilateral.

[If sum of opposite angles is quadrilateral in 180 , then the quadrilateral is cyclic]

Hence proved.

3. Prove that the centre of a circle touching two intersecting lines lies on the
angle bisector of the lines.

Ans:

Given: Two tangents PQ and PR are drawn from an external point P to a circle with
centre O.

Construction: Join OR, and OQ.

In POP and PQO

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 35

PRO = PQO = 90

[Tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of
contact] OR  OQ .

[Radii of some circle]

Since OP is common

 PRO  PQO [By RHS]

Hence, RPO = QPO [By CPCT]

Thus, O lies on angle bisector of PR and PQ.

Hence proved.

4. If from an external point B of a circle with centre O, two tangents BC and

BD are drawn such that DBC = 120° , prove that BC + BD = BO i.e. BO = 2BC.

Ans:

Two tangents BD and BC are drawn from an external point B.

To prove BO = 2BC

Given, DBC = 120

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 36

Join OC, OD and BO.

Since, BC and BD are tangents.

 OC  BC And OD  BD

We know, OB is an angle bisector of DBC .

 OBC  DBO  60

In right angled OBC ,

BC
cos60 
OB

1 BC
 
2 OB

 OB  2BC

Also, BC  BD

[Tangent drawn from internal point to circle are equal]

OB  BC  BC

 OB  BC  BD

5. In figure, AB and CD are common tangents to two circles of unequal radii.

Prove that AB = CD .

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 37

Ans:

AS and CD are common tangent to two circles of unequal radius

PA  PC

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 38

[The length of tangents drawn from an internal point to a circle are equal]

Also, PB  PD

[The lengths of tangents drawn from an internal point to a circle are equal]

 PA  PB  PC  PD

 AB  CD
Hence proved.

6. In figure, AB and CD are common tangents to two circles of equal radii.

Prove that AB = CD .

Ans:

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 39

AB and CD are tangents to two circles of equal radii.

Now, OAB  90

[Tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to radius through the point of

contact]

Thus, AC is a straight line.

Also, OAB  OCD  180

 AB = CD

Similarly, BD is a straight line

And O BA  O DC  90

Also, AC  BD [radii of two circles are equal]

In quadrilateral ABCD,

A  B  C  D  90

And AC  BD

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 40

ABCD is a rectangle

Hence, AB  CD [opposite sides of rectangle are equal]

7. In figure, common tangents AB and CD to two circles intersect at E. Prove

that AB = CD .

Ans:

Common tangents AB and CD to two circles intersecting at E.

Proof: EA  EC ... (i)

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 41

[The lengths of tangents drawn from an internal point to a circle are equal]

EB  ED .... (ii)

On adding Eqs. (i) And (ii), we get

EA  EB  EC  ED

 AB  CD

Hence proved.

8. A chord PQ of a circle is parallel to the tangent drawn at a point R of the

circle. Prove that R bisects the arc PRQ.

Ans:

Chord PQ is parallel to tangent at R.

[Angle between tangent and chord is equal to angle made by chord in alternate
segment]

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 42

2  3

 PR  QR [Sides opposite to equal angles are equal]

 PR  QR

So, R bisects PQ

9. Prove that the tangents drawn at the ends of a chord of a circle make equal
angles with the chord.

Ans:

Tangents are drawn at the points R and Q.

Let P be another point on the circle, then, join PQ and PR.

Since, at point Q, there is a tangent.

2  P [Angles in alternate segments are equal]

Since, at point R , there is a tangent.

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 43

1  P [Angles in alternate segments are equal]

1  2  P
Hence proved.

10. Prove that a diameter AB of a circle bisects all those chords which are
parallel to the tangent at the point A.

Ans:

Given, AB is a diameter of the circle.

A tangent is drawn from point A. Draw a chord CD parallel to the tangent MAN.

So, CD is a chord of the circle and OA is a radius of the circle.

MAO  90

[Tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of
contact]

CEO  MAO [Corresponding angles]

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 44

CEO  90
Thus, OE bisects CD,

[Perpendicular from centre of circle to chord bisects the chord]

Similarly, the diameter AB bisects all.

Chords which are parallel to the tangent at the point A.

Long Answer Questions

Sample Question 1: In Fig. 9.14 from an external point P is a tangent PT, and
a line segment PAB is drawn to a circle with centre O. ON is perpendicular on
the chord AB. Prove that:

 i  PA.PB = PN 2
- AN 2

Ans: From the figure it can be written,

PA   PN  AN  … (1)

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 45

PB   PN  BN  … (2)

Multiplying both the relations,

 PA.PB   PN  AN . PN  BN 

Since ON in perpendicular to the chord AB, so using the theorem that ‘a line segment
perpendicular to a chord bisects it’, the relation AN  BN can be formed.

 PA.PB   PN  AN . PN  AN 

 PA.PB  PN 2  AN 2

 ii  PN 2
- AN 2 = OP 2 - OT2

Ans: Now, in the right triangle ONP,

PN 2  OP 2  ON 2 … (3)

In the right triangle ONA,

AN 2  OA2  ON 2 … (4)

Subtracting equation (4) from (3),

 PN 2  AN 2  OP2  ON 2  OA2  ON 2

 PN 2  AN 2  OP2  OA2

Clearly OA  OT because they are the radius of the circle,

 PN 2  AN 2  OP 2  OT 2

 iii  PA.PB = PT 2

Ans: In the right triangle OTP tangent (PT is perpendicular of the radius OT ),
OP 2  OT 2  PT 2

Using the result of  ii  ,

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 46

 PN 2  AN 2  PT 2

Using the result of  i  ,

 PA.PB  PT 2

Sample Question 2: If a circle touches the side BC of a triangle ABC at p and

extended sides AB and AC at Q and R respectively, prove that
1
AQ =  BC + CA + AB  .
2

Use the theorem that ‘tangents drawn from an external point are equal in
length’.

Ans: The diagram of the given condition can be shown below: -

The tangents drawn from an external point on a circle are equal in length.

Considering point A as the external point, AR and AQ as the tangents,

 AQ  AR

 AQ  CA  CR

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 47

Now, CR  CP because C is the external point, CR and CP are the tangents.

 AQ  CA  CP

 AQ  CA  BC  PB

Now, PB  BQ because B is the external point, PB and BQ are the tangents.

 AQ  CA  BC  BQ

 AQ  CA  BC   AQ  AB

 2AQ  CA  BC  AB

1
 AQ   CA  BC  AB
2

EXERCISE 9.4

1. A hexagon ABCDEF circumscribe a circle,

Prove that AB+CD+EF=BC+DE+FA.

Ans: Assuming that the sides of the hexagon touches the circle at points G , H , I ,
J , K and L . The diagram of the given condition can be shown below: -

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 48

The tangents drawn from an external point on a circle are equal in length.

Considering point A as the external point, AG and AL as the tangents,

 AG  AL … (1)

Considering B as the external point, BG and GH as the tangents,

 BG = BH … (2)

Considering C as the external point, CI and CH as the tangents,

 CI = CH … (3)

Considering D as the external point, DI and DJ as the tangents,

 DI = DJ … (4)

Considering E as the external point, EK and EJ as the tangents,

 EK = EJ … (5)

Considering F as the external point, FK and FL as the tangents,

 FK = FL … (6)

Adding equations (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6),

  AG  BG    CI  DI    EK  FK    AL  FL   BH  CH   DJ  EJ

 AB  CD  EF  AF  BC  DE

 AB  CD  EF  BC  DE  FA

2. Let s denote the semi – perimeter of a triangle ABC in which BC = a , CA = b

and AB = c . If a circle touches the sides BC, CA, AB at D, E, F respectively.
Prove that BD = s - b .

Ans: The diagram of the given condition can be shown below: -

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 49

The tangents drawn from an external point on a circle are equal in length.

Considering point B as the external point, BD and BF as the tangents,

 BD  BF

 BD  c  AF

Now, AF  AE because A is the external point, AF and AE are the tangents.

 BD  c  AE

 BD  c   b  CE 

 BD  c  b  CE

Now, CE  CD because C is the external point, CE and CD are the tangents.

 BD  c  b  CD

 BD  c  b  a  BD

 2BD  a  c  b

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 50

 acb
 BD 
2

abc
The semi – perimeter of a triangle is s  , so substituting the value of
2
 a  c  from here,
2s  b  b
 BD 
2

2 s  b
 BD 
2
 BD  s  b

3. From and external point P, two tangents, PA and PB are drawn to a circle
with centre O. At one point E on the circle tangent is drawn which intersects
PA and PB at C and D, respectively. If PA = 10cm , find the perimeter of the
triangle PCD.

Ans: The diagram of the given condition can be shown below: -

The perimeter of the triangle PCD (let S) is

 S  PC  CD  PD

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 51

 S   PA  CA  CD   PB  DB 

 S  PA  PB  CD   CA  DB 

The tangents drawn from an external point on a circle are equal in length.

Considering point C as the external point, CA and CE as the tangents,

 CA  CE … (1)

Now, considering point D as the external point, DB and DE as the tangents,

 DB  DE … (2)

Adding equations (1) and (2),

  CA  DB   CE  DE

  CA  DB   CD

Substituting this relation in the perimeter,

 S  PA  PB  CD  CD

 S  PA  PB

Since P is the external point, PA and PB are the tangents, so PA  PB  10 cm .

 S  10  10 cm

 S  20 cm

4. If AB is a chord of a circle with centre O, AOC is a diameter and AT is the

tangent at A as shown in Fig. 9.17. Prove that BAT = ACB .

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 52

Ans: A tangent is perpendicular to the radius at the point of contact. Here OA is the
radius and AT is the tangent, so OA is perpendicular to AT.

BAT  OAT  OAB

BAT  90  OAB

BAT  90  CAB … (1)

Now, angle in a semi – circle is a right angle. Since AOC is the diameter so the arc
ABC along with the diameter is a semi – circle.

 ABC  90

 ACB  90  CAB

Substituting the value of CAB in equation (1),

 BAT  90   90  ACB 

 BAT  ACB

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 53

5. Two circles with centres O and O' of radii 3 cm and 4 cm, respectively
intersect at two points P and Q such that OP and O'P are tangents to the two
circles. Find the length of the common chord PQ.

Ans: The diagram of the given condition can be shown below: -

Here O'P is the tangent to the circle with radius 3 cm and OP is the tangent to the
circle with radius 4 cm . OP and O'P are the radius of the two circles.

Radius is perpendicular to the tangent at the point of contact so OP perpendicular to

O'P. Now, in the right triangle OPO' using the Pythagoras theorem,

 OO   OP    OP 
2 2

 OO  32  42

 OO  5 cm

Here OO' is the perpendicular bisector of the chord PQ which can be proved by using
the S  S  S congruency criteria in the right triangles OPO' and OQO'.

1
 PM  QM  PQ … (1)
2

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 54

OP and O'P can be considered as the height and base of the triangles, so its area is
1
 OP  OP .
2

Also PM and OO' can be considered as the base and height of the same triangle, so
1
its area can also be  OO  PM .
2

1 1
  OP  OP   OO  PM
2 2

1 1
  3  4   5  PM
2 2

12
 PM 
5

 PM  2.4 cm

Using relation (1),

 PQ  2 PM

 PQ  2  2.4

 PQ  4.8 cm

6. In a right triangle ABC in which B = 90o , a circle is drawn with AB as

diameter intersecting the hypotenuse AC at P. Prove that the tangent to the
circle at P bisects BC.

Ans: The diagram of the given condition can be shown below: -

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 55

In the above figure, PM is the tangent intersecting the side BC at M.

The tangents drawn from an external point are equal in length. Considering M as
the external point, BM and PM as the tangents,

 BM  PM … (1)

Assuming PBM   , it is found PBA   90    because B  90 . Since angle

in a semi – circle is a right angle that means APB  90 . So in right triangle APB,
it is found PAB   .

Now, in right triangle ABC,

 A  B  C  180

 C  180   90   

 C  90  

Since APB  90 that means CPB  90 because AC is a straight line. Since
PBM   and it is already obtained BM  PM which make the triangle PBM an
isosceles triangle. Therefore, BPM   which gives CPM   90    .

Now, in the triangle PMC it is obtained CPM  PCM   90    that means
this triangle is also an isosceles triangle where PM  CM . Hence, using relation (1),

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 56

 BM  CM

The above relation states that the tangent bisects BC.

7. In figure 9.18 tangents PQ and PR are drawn to a circle such that

RPQ = 30o . A chord RS is drawn parallel to the tangent PQ. Find the RQS

Ans:

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 57

In the above figure a line QM perpendicular to the tangent PQ is constructed. Since
RS is parallel to PQ so QM is also perpendicular to RS (co – interior angles
property).

Also the perpendicular from the centre of the circle bisects the chord that means
RM  SM . Now, in the right triangles QMR and QMS,
RM  SM

QMR  SMR  90

QM  QM (common side)

Therefore, QMR  QMS by S  S  S congruency criteria. So QR  SR and the

triangle SRQ is an isosceles triangle.

QRS  QSR … (1)

Now, the tangents drawn from an external point are equal in length so PQ  PR and
PQR  PRQ

Since RPQ  30 so

PQR  PRQ  75

Now, PQR  QRS  75 , because they are alternate angles. Using relation (1),
QRS  QSR  75

In the triangle QSR,

 QRS  QSR  RQS  180

 RQS  180   75  75 

 RQS  30

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 58

8. AB is a diameter and AC is a chord of a circle with centre O such that
BAC = 30o . The tangent at C intersects extended AB at a point D. Prove that
BC = BD .

Ans: The diagram of the given condition can be shown below: -

Since AB is a diameter so the arc ACB along with the diameter forms a semi – circle.
The angle in a semi circle is a right angle.

 ACB  90

In triangle ABC,

 ACB  ABC  BAC  180

 ABC  180   90  30 

 ABC  60

Therefore, DBC  180  60   120 because ABD is a straight line.

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 59

OC is joined. Since OC is the radius and DC is the tangent and the radius is
perpendicular to the tangent at the point of contact, so QC is perpendicular to DC.

In triangle OBC, OC  OB as both are radius, so OCB  OBC  60 . This results
in DCB   90  60   30 . Now, in triangle DBC

 DCB  DBC  CDB  180

 CDB  180  120  30 

 CDB  30

So it is obtained DCB  CDB  30 that means triangle DBC is an isosceles

triangle where BC  BD .

9. Prove that the tangent drawn at the mid – point of an arc of a circle is parallel
to the chord joining the end points of the arc.

Ans: The diagram of the given condition can be shown below: -

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 60

Points A and B are taken on the circle with centre O . OA and OB are joined. The
point M is the mid – point of the arc AB. OM is also joined.

Equal arcs subtends equal angles at the center of the circle, so AOM  BOM .
Now, AB is joined that intersects OM at P . Therefore, in triangles AOP and BOP,

OA  OB (since both are radius)

AOP  BOP

OP  OP (common sides)

Therefore, triangles AOP  BOP by S  A  S congruency criteria. Hence,

OPA  OPB  90 because APB is a straight line. It means OP or OM is
perpendicular to AB.

Now, the radius is perpendicular to the tangent at the point of contact which states
that OM is perpendicular to the tangent at M .

Since OM is perpendicular to both the chord AB and the tangent that only means
they must be parallel to each other.

10. In Fig. 9.19, the common tangent AB and CD to two circles with centre O
and O' intersect at E. Prove that the points O, E, O' are collinear.

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 61

Ans: In the above figure OA, OC and O'C, O'D are joined in the two circles
respectively.

In triangles OAE and OCE,

OAE  OCE  90 (radius is perpendicular to the tangent)

OE  OE (common side)

OA  OC (radii of the circle)

Therefore, OAE  OCE by R  H  S congruency criteria.

AEO  CEO … (1)

Now, in triangles O'DE and O'BE,

ODE  OBE  90 (radius is perpendicular to the tangent)

OE  OE (common side)

OD  OB (radii of the circle)

Therefore, ODE  OBE by R  H  S congruency criteria.

OED  OEB … (2)

Since, AED and CEB are vertically opposite angles.

AED  CEB … (3)

The sum of all the angles around point E is 360 .

  AEO  CEO    OED  OEB    AED  CEB   360

Using relations (1), (2) and (3),

  2AEO    2OED   2AED  360

 AEO  AED  OED  180

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 62

The above relation states that OEO' is a straight line, therefore the points O , E , O'
are collinear.

11. In Fig. 9.20, O is the centre of the circle of radius 5 cm. T is a point such that
OT = 13cm and OT intersects the circle at E. If AB is the tangent to the circle
at E, find the length of AB.

Ans: The tangent is perpendicular to the radius at the point of contact.

 OPT  90

In right triangle OPT using the Pythagoras theorem,

 OP 2  PT 2  OT 2

 PT  13   5
2 2

 PT  12 cm

Since AB is a tangent at E and OE is radius, so OE is perpendicular to AB. The

length of ET is,

 ET  OT  OE

 ET  13  5

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 63

  ET  8 cm

Assuming OTP   , in the right triangle OPT,

OP
 tan  
PT

5
 tan   … (1)
12

Also, in right triangle AET,

AE
 tan  
ET

AE
 tan   … (2)
8

From relations (1) and (2),

AE 5
 
8 12

10
 AE  cm
3

Now, QT  PT  12 cm , because they are the tangents from the same external point.
So, following the same steps in right triangles OQT and BET,

10
 BE  cm
3

Adding AE and BE,

 AB  AE  BE

 10 10 
 AB     cm
 3 3

Class X, Mathematics www.vedantu.com 64

 20
 AB  cm
3

12. In Fig. 9.21. The tangent at a point C of a circle and a diameter AB when
extended intersect at P. If PCA = 110o , find CBA .

Ans: In the above figure OC is joined. The tangent is perpendicular to the radius at
the point of contact. Here OC is radius and CP is tangent.

 OCP  90

Here ABC  90 because angle in a semi – circle is a right angle.

 PCB  PCA  ACB

 PCB  110  90

 PCB  20

Therefore, OCB is given as,

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  OCB  OCP  PCB

 OCB  90  20

 OCB  70

Now, in triangle OBC, OB  OC because they are the radius of the circle.

 OBC  OCB

 OBC  70

Since, OBC and CBA are the same, hence CBA  70 .

13. If an isosceles triangle ABC, in which AB = AC = 6cm , inscribed in a circle

of radius 9 cm, find the area of the triangle.

Ans: OA is joined intersecting the side BC at M . The altitude of an isosceles

triangle passes through the centre of the circle, so AM is the altitude of the triangle.
Therefore, AM is perpendicular to BC.

BC can be considered as the chord of the circle and perpendicular from the centre of
the circle to a chord bisects it.

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 1
 BM  CM  BC … (1)
2

In right triangle AMC using Pythagoras theorem,

 AM 2  AC 2  CM 2

 AM 2  62  CM 2 … (2)

In right triangle OMC using Pythagoras theorem,

 OM 2  OC 2  CM 2

  OA  AM   92  CM 2
2

 OA2  AM 2  2OA. AM  92  CM 2

Using relation (2),

 92  62  CM 2  18 AM  92  CM 2

 18 AM  36

 AM  2 cm

Substituting the value of AM inrelation (2)  22  62  CM 2

 CM 2  32

 CM  4 2 cm

Using relation (1),

 BC  2CM

 BC  8 2 cm

1
Therefore, the area of the triangle ABC is  base  height.
2

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 1
 Area   BC  AM
2

1
 Area   8 2  2
2

 Area  8 2 cm2

14. A is a point at a distance 13 cm from the centre O of a circle of radius 5 cm.

AP and AQ are the tangents to the circle at P and Q. If a tangent BC is drawn
at a point R lying on the minor arc PQ to intersect AP at B and AQ at C, find
the perimeter of the ΔABC .

Ans: The diagram of the given conditions can be shown below: -

The perimeter of the triangle ABC (Say P) is  P = AB + BC + AC

 P   AP  BP    BR  RC    AQ  QC

The tangents drawn from an external point are equal in length, So BP  BR ,

QC  RC and AP  AQ .

 P   AP  BR    BR  RC    AP  BC

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  P  2 AP

In triangle OPA, OP is perpendicular to AP because the radius is perpendicular to

the tangent at the point of contact. So, using the Pythagoras theorem.

 AP 2  OA2  OP2

 AP  13   5
2 2

 AP  12 cm

Substituting the value of AP in the perimeter,

 P  2 12

 P = 24 cm

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