HKDSE Exam Series — Master 1, Tackle 5 Hot Question Types for Mathematics (Compulsory Part) Solution Guide

13 Trigonometry cos x + sin (90° – x) = cos x + cos x

>0
III is true.
Multiple-choice Questions The answer is B.
Instant Practice 1
1. When 180° < x < 270°, sin x < 0, cos x < 0 and tan x > 0. 4. tan x < 0
sin x + sin (90° – x) = sin x + cos x tan (180° + y) = tan y < 0
<0 Since 90° < x < y < 180°, we have
I is not true. tan x < tan y
cos x + cos (90° – x) = cos x + sin x ` tan x < tan (180° + y)
<0 I is true.
II is true. sin x > 0
tan x + tan (180° + x) = tan x + tan x sin (180° – y) = sin y > 0
>0 Since 90° < x < y < 180°, we have
III is true. sin x > sin y
The answer is C. ` sin x > sin (180° – y)
II is not true.
2. cos (90° + y) = –sin y < 0 90° < x < y < 180°
sin (90° – x) = cos x > 0 ` 180° < x + y < 360°
` cos (90° + y) < sin (90° – x) sin (x + y) < 0
I is true. III is true.
cos (360° – y) = cos y > 0 The answer is C.
sin (90° + x) = cos x > 0
Since 0° < x < y < 90°, we have 5. cos (90° – x) = sin x > 0
cos y < cos x Since 0° < x < y < 90°, we have
` cos (360° – y) < sin (90° + x) sin x < sin y and 0 < cos y < 1
II is not true.
>1
tan x > 0
tan (180° + y) = tan y > 0
> sin y
Since 0° < x < y < 90°, we have
tan x < tan y ` tan y > sin y > sin x
` tan x < tan (180° + y) I.e. cos (90° – x) < tan y
III is true. I is true.
The answer is B. cos (360° – x) = cos x > 0
cos y > 0
Since 0° < x < y < 90°, we have
3. tan x tan (90° + x) = tan x
cos x > cos y
= –1 ` cos (360° – x) > cos y
I is true. II is true.
cos (90° – x) – sin (90° + x) = sin x – cos x cos x – sin (180° – y) = cos x – sin y
Since 0° < x < y < 90°, we have 0 < cos x < 1 and
When 0° < x < 45°, tan x = <1
0 < sin y < 1.
` When 0° < x < 45°, sin x < cos x. ` –1 < cos x – sin y < 1
I.e. When 0° < x < 45°, III is not true.
cos (90° – x) – sin (90° + x) = sin x – cos x The answer is A.
<0
II may not be true.

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 13 Trigonometry

Instant Practice 2 Instant Practice 3

1. –sin (360° – θ) tan (90° – θ) – cos (180° – θ)
1. –
= –(–sin θ) – (–cos θ)

= sin θ + cos θ = –

= 2 cos θ
The answer is C. =

2. tan (180° – θ) cos (270° – θ) cos (–θ)

=
= (–tan θ)(–sin θ)(cos θ)

= sin θ cos θ
=
= sin θ
2

The answer is B. =

The answer is A.
3. tan2 (180° + θ)

2. –
= tan2 θ

= –
=
=
=
=
= sin θ
The answer is D. =

The answer is C.
4. – cos2 (180° – θ)

= – cos2 θ 3. +

= +
= – cos θ2

= tan θ
= 1 – cos2 θ
= sin2 θ
The answer is A. = tan θ

=
5. +

= + =

= –tan x – tan x =
= –2 tan x The answer is D.
The answer is C.

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HKDSE Exam Series — Master 1, Tackle 5 Hot Question Types for Mathematics (Compulsory Part) Solution Guide

2. Refer to the figure.

4. – cos 180° cos2 (180° + θ)
N
140°
= – (–1)cos2 θ A
246°N
C α

=– + cos2 θ B
∠BAC = 246° – 140°
= –1 + cos θ 2
= 106°
= –sin2 θ AB = AC (given)
The answer is B. ` ∠ABC = ∠ACB (base ∠s, isos. !)

= (180° – 106°) (∠ sum of !)

5. (1 + cos 180° cos θ) = 37°
α = 180° – 140° (int. ∠s, // lines)
= (1 – cos θ) = 40°
` True bearing of C from B
= = 360° – 40° – 37° (∠s at a pt.)
= 283°
= The answer is B.

= 3. Refer to the figure.

N
= tan θ sin θ
The answer is D. P
N α
30°
Instant Practice 4
1. Refer to the figure. O
60°
P
N Q
41° ∠POQ = 180° – 30° – 60° (adj. ∠s on st. line)
O N
= 90°
PO = QO (given)
29° β
α ` ∠OPQ = ∠OQP (base ∠s, isos. !)
Q
= (180° – 90°) (∠ sum of !)
∠POQ = 180° – 41° – 29° (adj. ∠s on st. line)
= 110° = 45°
PO = QO (given) α = 30° (alt. ∠s, // lines)
` ∠OQP = ∠OPQ (base ∠s, isos. !) ` True bearing of Q from P = 180° – (45° – 30°)
= 165°
= (180° – 110°) (∠ sum of !)
The answer is C.
= 35°
α = 29° (alt. ∠s, // lines)
` β = 35° – α
= 6°
The bearing of P from Q is N6°E.
The answer is A.

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 13 Trigonometry

4. Refer to the figure. Instant Practice 5

N 1. XY : YZ : ZX = 5 : 12 : 13
A ` Let XY = 5k, where k is a positive constant.
Then YZ = 12k and ZX = 13k.
N α β 30°N XY2 + YZ2 = (5k)2 + (12k)2
20° = 169k2
ZX2 = (13k)2
B C
= 169k2
α = 20° (alt. ∠s, // lines) = XY2 + YZ2
β = 30° (alt. ∠s, // lines) ` !XYZ is a right-angled triangle with ∠Y = 90°.
∠BAC = 20° + 30° (converse of Pyth. theorem)
= 50°
cos X : tan Z = :
AB = AC (given)
` ∠ABC = ∠ACB (base ∠s, isos. !) = :
= (180° – 50°) (∠ sum of !) = 12 : 13
= 65° The answer is C.
` Bearing of C from B = N(20° + 65°)E
= N85°E 2. AB : BC : AC = 9 : 40 : 41
The answer is B. ` Let AB = 9k, where k is a positive constant.
Then BC = 40k and AC = 41k.
5. Refer to the figure. AB2 + BC2 = (9k)2 + (40k)2
N = 1681k2
AC = (41k)2
2
A
B = 1681k2
α N = AB2 + BC2
29°
41° ` !ABC is a right-angled triangle with ∠B = 90°.
(converse of Pyth. theorem)
O
∠AOB = 29° + 41° ` tan A : cos C = :
= 70°
AO = BO (given) = :
` ∠OAB = ∠OBA (base ∠s, isos. !) = 41 : 9
= (180° – 70°) (∠ sum of !) The answer is D.

= 55°
3.AB : BC : AC = 12 : 35 : 37
α = 29° (alt. ∠s, // lines)
` Let AB = 12k, where k is a positive constant.
` Bearing of B from A = S(29° + 55°)E Then BC = 35k and AC = 37k.
= S84°E AB2 + BC2 = (12k)2 + (35k)2
The answer is D. = 1369k2
AC2 = (37k)2
= 1369k2
= AB2 + BC2
` !ABC is a right-angled triangle with ∠B = 90°.
(converse of Pyth. theorem)

` sin A : sin C = :

= :

= 35 : 12
The answer is C. 97
HKDSE Exam Series — Master 1, Tackle 5 Hot Question Types for Mathematics (Compulsory Part) Solution Guide

4. AB : BC : AC = 11 : 61 : 60 2. ∠ADC + ∠BCD = 90° + 90°

` Let AB = 11k, where k is a positive constant. = 180°
Then BC = 61k and AC = 60k. ` AD // BC (int. ∠s supp)
AB2 + AC2 = (11k)2 + (60k)2 ∠DAB + ∠ABC = 180° (int. ∠s, AD // BC)
= 3721k2 θ + 90° + ∠DBC = 180°
BC2 = (61k)2 ∠DBC = 90° – θ
= 3721k2 BD = AD sin ∠DAB
= AB2 + AC2 = l sin θ
` !ABC is a right-angled triangle with ∠A = 90°. CD = BD sin ∠DBC
(converse of Pyth. theorem) = l sin θ sin (90° – θ)
` tan C : cos B = : = l sin θ cos θ
The answer is A.
= :
3. ∠BCD = 90° – θ
= 61 : 60
The answer is C. BC =

5. AB : BC : AC = 29 : 21 : 20 =
` Let AB = 29k, where k is a positive constant.
BD = BC sin ∠BCD
Then BC = 21k and AC = 20k.
BC2 + AC2 = (21k)2 + (20k)2 = sin (90° – θ)
= 841k2
AB2 = (29k)2 =l cos θ
= 841k2
= BC2 + AC2 =
` !ABC is a right-angled triangle with ∠C = 90°.
(converse of Pyth. theorem) The answer is D.

` sin A : sin C = :1
4. ∠BAC = 90° – θ

= :1 AC =

= 21 : 29
=
The answer is D.

AD =
Instant Practice 6
1. ∠ACD + ∠BDC = 90° + 90°
= 180° =
` AC // BD (int. ∠s supp.)
∠CBD = ∠ACB = θ (alt. ∠s, AC // BD) =
BC = AC cos ∠ACB
The answer is A.
= l cos θ
CD = BC sin ∠CBD
5. AD = AB sin α
= l cos θ sin θ
= h sin α
The answer is C.
CD =

The answer is D.

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6. DE = AD tan α 10. Refer to the figure.

= x tan α B
∠BEC = ∠EBA = β (alt. ∠s, DC // AB) β

EC = G
F C

=
δ
A D E
` AB = DE + EC
∠GCD = ∠CDE = δ (alt. ∠s, FC // DE)
= x tan α +
AB = BF + GD
= BC cos β + CD sin ∠GCD
=x = BC cos β + CD sin δ
The answer is A. The answer is C.

7.BD = AD tan α Instant Practice 7

CD = AD tan β 1. CD = AC sin α
BC = BD + CD AB =
` x = AD tan α + AD tan β
x = AD(tan α + tan β) ` =
AD =
= sin α tan β
The answer is A.
The answer is B.

8. Refer to the figure.

C 2. AC = BC cos α
BD = BC tan β
φ
` =
D F
=
θ The answer is D.
A E B

AB = AE + DF
3. DC = AB (prop. of rectangle)
= AD cos θ + CD sin φ
The answer is D. CE =

9. Refer to the figure. AC =

D

` =
F C
φ

θ =
A E B
BC = DE – DF The answer is A.
= AD sin θ – CD sin (φ – 90°)
= AD sin θ – CD[–sin (90° – φ)]
= AD sin θ + CD cos φ
The answer is B.

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HKDSE Exam Series — Master 1, Tackle 5 Hot Question Types for Mathematics (Compulsory Part) Solution Guide

4. AD = AC sin α
tan ∠ABF =
BC =

` = =

=
= sin α sin β
The answer is A. ∠ABF ≈ 9°
The answer is A.

5. BD =
2. EC =
DC =
= cm

ED = CD – EC
` =
= cm

= tan ∠AED =

The answer is C. =

Instant Practice 8
∠AED ≈ 57°
1. AB = AE (given)
The answer is C.
` ∠ABE = ∠AEB (base ∠s, isos. !)

= (180° – 100°) (∠ sum of !) 3. AB = AE (given)

= 40° ` ∠ABE = ∠AEB = 70° (base ∠s, isos. !)
∠ABC = 90° (prop. of square) ∠BAE = 180° – 70° – 70° (∠ sum of !)
∠FCB + ∠EBC = 180° (int. ∠s, CF // BE) = 40°
∠FCB + 90° + 40° = 180° ∠ABF = ∠BAE = 40° (alt. ∠s, BF // EA)
∠FCB = 50° Let AB = AD = CD = a. (prop. of square)
∠DFC = ∠FCB = 50° (alt. ∠s, DA // CB) AF = AB tan 40°
Let CD = AD = AB = a. (prop. of square) = a tan 40°
DF = AD – AF
DF =
= a – a tan 40°
= a(1 – tan 40°)
=
tan ∠CFD =
AF = AD – DF
=a– =

=a =

∠CFD ≈ 81°
The answer is D.

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 13 Trigonometry

4. ∠DEA = 62° (alt. ∠s, DC // AB) Instant Practice 9

1. The graph passes through the point (150, 1).
DE =
For C, substituting (x, y) = (150, 1), we have
R.H.S. = sin (150 + 30)° + 1 = 1 = L.H.S.
=
` The answer is C.
EC = DC – DE
2. The graph passes through the points (0, 2) and (270, 0).
= For A, substituting (x, y) = (0, 2), we have
R.H.S. = 2 sin 0° + 2 = 2 = L.H.S.
tan ∠EBC = Substituting (x, y) = (270, 0), we have
R.H.S. = 2 sin 270° + 2 = 0 = L.H.S.
` The answer is A.
=

∠EBC ≈ 47° 3. The graph passes through the points (45, 1) and (90, 1).
The answer is C. For B, substituting (x, y) = (45, 1), we have
R.H.S. = 1 + sin 4(45°) = 1 = L.H.S.
5. Let AB = AD = CD = a. (prop. of square) Substituting (x, y) = (90, 1), we have
R.H.S. = 1 + sin 4(90°) = 1 = L.H.S.
AF =
` The answer is B.

=
4.For y = –2 sin (x + b)° + k, the function attains its
DF = AD – AF maximum value when sin (x + b)° = –1.
` –2(–1) + k = 3
=a–
k=1
The graph passes through the point (130, 2).
tan ∠FCD =
For D, substituting (x, y) = (130, 2) into
y = –2 sin (x + 140)° + 1, we have
= R.H.S. = –2 sin (130 + 140)° + 1 = 3 = L.H.S.
` The answer is D.

= 5. The graph passes through the points (45, 0) and

(315, –2).
For B, substituting (x, y) = (45, 0) into
=1–
y = 2 sin (x – 45)°, we have
∠FCD ≈ 32.4576° R.H.S. = 2 sin (45 – 45)° = 0 = L.H.S.
∠FCB = 90° – ∠FCD Substituting (x, y) = (315, –2), we have
≈ 57.5424° R.H.S. = 2 sin (315 – 45)° = –2 = L.H.S.
∠FCB + ∠CBE = 180° (int. ∠s, CF // BE) ` The answer is B.
57.5424° + 90° + ∠ABE ≈ 180°
∠ABE = 32.4576°
AB = AE (given)
` ∠AEB = ∠ABE ≈ 32.4576 ° (base ∠s, isos. !)
∠BAE = 180° – ∠AEB – ∠ABE (∠ sum of !)
≈ 180° – 2(32.4576°)
≈ 115°
The answer is C.

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HKDSE Exam Series — Master 1, Tackle 5 Hot Question Types for Mathematics (Compulsory Part) Solution Guide

6. Period of the graph = 2(420° – 60°) However, k < 0.

= 720°
` <0
= 2(360°)

`k= ` sin α° ≠

The graph passes through the points (60, 0) and (420, 0). III is not true.
For D, substituting (x, y) = (60, 0) into The answer is A.

y = –sin , we have 2. Substituting (x, y) = (0, –1) into y = h + k cos 2x°, we

have
R.H.S. = –sin = 0 = L.H.S. –1 = h + k cos 2(0°)
h + k = –1 < 0
Substituting (x, y) = (420, 0), we have I is true.
When 0 ≤ x ≤ α, the graph goes upwards.
R.H.S. = –sin = 0 = L.H.S.
`k<0
` The answer is D. II is true.
Since 0 < < α and k < 0, from the graph, we have
Guidelines
For k > 0, the period of the graph of y = sin kx° is –1 < h + k cos 2 <0
.
< cos α° <

7. From the graph, the maximum and the minimum values h + k = –1

of the function are 1 and –3 respectively. ` k = –1 – h

` a = ± and b = Moreover, =

a = ±2 and b = –1 = +1
` The answer is C.
>
8. The graph passes through the point (300, 1).
For B, substituting (x, y) = (300, 1) into ` < cos α° < 1
y = 2 cos (x + 60)° – 1, we have III is not true.
R.H.S. = 2 cos (300 + 60)° – 1 = 1 = L.H.S. The answer is A.
` The answer is B.
Substituting (x, y) = (0, –2) into y = h + k sin 2x°, we
3.
Instant Practice 10 have
1. Substituting (x, y) = (0, 3) into y = h + k sin 3x°, we have –2 = h + k sin 2(0°)
3 = h + k sin 3(0°) h = –2 < 0
h=3>0 ` I is true.
` I is true. When 0 ≤ x ≤ α, the graph goes upwards.
When 0 ≤ x ≤ α, the graph goes downwards. `k>0
`k<0 ` II is true.
II is true. Consider the case k = 4.
Since 0 < < α, from the graph, we have 0 = –2 + 4 sin 2α°

sin 2α° =
3 + k sin 3 <3
2α° = 30°
sin α° > 0 α = 15

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 13 Trigonometry

sin α° ≈ 0.2588 ≠
Instant Practice 11
1. cos x sin x = sin x
` III may not be true. cos x sin x – sin x = 0
The answer is A. sin x (cos x – 1) = 0
sin x = 0 or cos x = 1
4. When 0 ≤ x ≤ α, the graph goes downwards. x = 0°, 180° or 360°
`k>0 The equation has 3 roots.
` II is true. The answer is C.
Substituting (x, y) = (0, 4) into y = h + k cos 4x°, we have
4 = h + k cos 4(0°) 2. 9 sin2 x = tan2 x
h=4–k
9 sin2 x =
Consider the case k = 6 and h = –2, then we have
–2 + 6 cos 4α° = 0 9 sin2 x cos2 x = sin2 x
cos 4α° = 9 sin x cos2 x – sin2 x = 0
2

sin2 x (9 cos2 x – 1) = 0
4α° ≈ 70.5288°
sin2 x (3 cos x + 1)(3 cos x – 1) = 0
α ≈ 17.6322
` The graph may represent the function sin x = 0, cos x = or cos x =
y = –2 + 6 cos 4x°. x = 180°, 109.4712°, 250.5288°, 70.5288° or 289.4712°
I may not be true. The equation has 5 roots.
If h = –2 and k = 6, then The answer is B.
cos 2α° ≈ 0.8165 ≠
Guidelines
III may not be true. As 0° < x < 360°, the roots x = 0° and x = 360° are
The answer is B. rejected.

5. Substituting (x, y) = (0, 3) into y = h + k tan 3x°, we have

3. 5 cos2 x + 2 sin x = 2
3 = h + k tan 3(0°)
5(1 – sin2 x) + 2 sin x – 2 = 0
h=3>0
–5 sin2 x + 2 sin x + 3 = 0
I is true.
5 sin2 x – 2 sin x – 3 = 0
When 0 ≤ x ≤ α, the graph goes downwards.
(5 sin x + 3)(sin x – 1) = 0
`k<0
II is true. sin x = or sin x = 1
Consider the case k = –2, we have
x = 90°, 216.8699° or 323.1301°
3 – 2 tan 3α° = 0
The equation has 3 roots.
tan 3α° = The answer is C.

3α° ≈ 56.3099°
α ≈ 18.7700
tan α ≈ 0.3398 ≠
III may not be true.
The answer is A.

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HKDSE Exam Series — Master 1, Tackle 5 Hot Question Types for Mathematics (Compulsory Part) Solution Guide

4. sin θ = 2 sin3 θ
2 sin θ – sin θ = 0
3

sin θ (2 sin2 θ – 1) = 0

sin θ = 0 or sin2 θ =

sin θ = 0, or

θ = 45°, 135°, 180°, 225° or 315°

The equation has 5 roots.
The answer is B.

5. 3 sin2 x + 4 cos x – 4 = 0
3(1 – cos2 x) + 4 cos x – 4 = 0
–3 cos2 x + 4 cos x – 1 = 0
3 cos2 x – 4 cos x + 1 = 0
(3 cos x – 1)(cos x – 1) = 0
cos x = or 1

x ≈ 70.5288° or 289.4712°
The equation has 2 roots.
The answer is A.

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