Formuly ueer Electnostabics ® Corlomb's Lavo 4 Elockaic Fonw. uw 4. F< 4dr a Pot ne fe 442 oe where k is @ tonstart 7a rad om |Fz koe ee ee , celle takic. foree tons taut k=l 249x107 Nm*c-*| Where G is called, 40 & pom tivity of fee space Eg = 8 855) X/0-C* Nm a 9, oe hia” ae ny In \lecton form , Coulomb's Law can, be walter os a 1 44,2 where Ry * Fo is a writ = > fun "6 7 ae in the dinedion from ot howl PF, = 1 bade a ron > he untt Btmilandy , aot Lt pj, Puy, = Fier fs a Unt vekon in the Chior fro 42 Bd® Superposition Principle Betweuy tre Longer “eG ——-— 21 ten cots Re aE” "Tae Tig 7 Stomibandey fr eed Gap F = Fo ahnt- thy = 4 [eZ 44s 9 DoH 2 + Fig + -- Fin eve Lae Pils toe ae Ay3 + 2-1 442%] Fz 41 Fe 1G £ @ Electric Frebd Pee ee 9729 4, 4nG@n 4n& VF () Due to a pobnt change ee Lt 4 ° R P fa aneo n> 4 4. ci) Que fe Apion $ point change Ela) = Gta) + Esa) + ---- + Gala) Eta) = 4 4 +t 4 Ela) = % Ru th, Se hat Gta) = _4 -_ eae >, Wp ont “a® Elatnic Frld ue to a Mipole > AE anal €=_t fan % Eq a8 ae 4n& (2-0?) pees -P For ane 2 gaan | Gi At equitons al Ee, = Bek P P 4n& (prrar)ie Ata ae distane (nora), [Ps zat] anb, rn © Aipole_in uniform Elere Fret. TORQUE , C= Fore X pesperdicular diskance. = gé ma SinO p E Sino C-P KE ®@® CrLinuns Charge hens bp (a) Linear change density - Zi &) Surface change davai by . == a4 ola dunskty - [y= a (co) Yelm Sere aan) a Electnic Flux, [Oe - EAS -6-ss- Coco] "Appiications * tt) Field, clue to an, infinitely Long sboght [E= x] WEA diy Freed, ole. to Gnifonmby charged. Plane Sheet, a © Eleckrostakic — V= Vg-Vaq -_Wnw 0 () Electnostedic poladial hie b a prt charge Ve >t. 4 a he 41. Wi) Pokential Due to an Electric Dipole Vp = —L Fa (os6- 4n& | n>- 2 sd > At arial poink > At equitoniall pobnt Voxdaf = Vequ = 0 axial = Ee [equ = 2] (i) Pobethol olue bo syslen = 42 [Ue he Inte _| BN V ge|HtR #) ae, ah i @ Elecknoctatic Pletial Energy (1) tn No Exteral Elutale fill + hue te fasten of two changea i -0 aoe dn 4a eg — > U= With, =_1) U4 P, $2, B ANE, Ain+ Due to hysienn of terres chaogea ‘ a Us Wi tWr+ Ws rn, “ETE + Uae + Us o fe 4n€, Ra a 4 rs an tn An External Blectnfe Crebd. 7 © Totetial En ofa Sin PE ofa change in an external field = X external oan Ft dtc Ppokestiol a U= 2 Vid © Potential Grangy Of 400 pofnd: anges Polenttal €) 2 OV + 4 Vr, + 2 9e Seton, WT FN) + 9M oe © Potedtal entry q a di pole fine Uniform. Clocbric piebd U= PE (ose, -(os®,) @ Felakion between Field and Polential = -dv Potetral . ( Te. i ® Capactton And Caparitanve QKN Q=CV@ ‘Types of Capaci:tons (4) Parallel plote Capact ton. C= GA a Fon Ofwr medium Cm = ExCo () Spherical Capacitor, C= FAG mae Phe y= 7a 3) Cypindatcal “yan [fceentae | Ln (bla) @tllen a diclechnic Slab is incented. Qstieon plate of Lapaditone -@ C= Ee — ep +447, Whew det, = Biclectsic C = kBA Slab oa —L— n= &-Ep C=KC En = £0. @When a nT clab is incertid betwen plats af U citons a & “9 a. Ce GA Pe a-4| eS E got —t— —d—@Lombinabion. of Copaciton. (1) Series (2) Panallel 2 fT 1 =C ae tna —— &) Gera tere @E Energy $ ned invte. Cagact ion Us = [O= 2cv?| on j0= ZO @ Energy donsiby z Common, Potenti ol pT tafResistane fs fiz a8 Opposition offeacd by Conductor to flow of wei : FP tf t Oot | an Rex a R= SL lwhine 'S' isthe pesisttuliy of the A makertal depends on temp. 7-2 @ sonny A Also, [e-x%— fasts Hotty of Mabetal T -e divi st Cond. ey aad > Vector formvof Currant censi - _. “An AGO I= TA Gs0 I=vA . = -c& ® Buf vlody |" > See © Relation betwen dsifevebodtby and. Covnt [T= neave © Relation betwen Garant density and Electric fidd | Z” [soek| @ (Mobility Me oe @ Electrical rng And Power [P= 1%e =v & @D — Rebodlon between pes =. ess w Mtage Internal T= | pomstance hin© Colt in forite And. Parallel Eo = E+€. + Es 4by] | Serves Combiralt or Nee My tart Ry t Ay te erase] mf teal ee fp fy A Ap @ wWheatstone Bp ' & dn bolanced, torditten peo k &q s @is I ® Meter Bridge a 2 5a a aL Ser 00-14 Le ein + cas , ae \ pr ® Potentiometer VERT N= S£.7 Ver No?see f two afren cells. [Er D soe WM x emf 0, - | ere 1 lo rmpane emf grew e-f Oe (2) Cabestating internal resistance of a cold mel het le Moving Chong spool var va x —» a ft CF (1) Magretic ORLE . Faz qvxe ¥ q Fo = qv BSinB a * Case 13 If V is perpendicular to & : * x qvesing = mv" eds (A= tw fF . lee « 2qVm qe T= 2m v T= AtmvV qev Weted. | T= ako Care 2: vty brdined To 8 at an angle 6 ‘ t fon catiabat qodlins ye uly al ee gf petition 2s yeoseP= yoos8-T > 70 8 © dononts fore |F = g(F +e x8) @) Velocity heleckon Fe Fe 7 46 = 4re E *e] B _ 48 oon (2 Cydatron pepe 2 aa Mau” KE of a ghangel poide in a ete colts of t ar the oles” (5) Font on a sbroight currant Congr cmnducton hr a ratic fied’ F-I(Txe) (6) Magnedic momint of a wunrent canouging Loop Mean @ Tonga On a ame Sag poop placed. in a (8) @iot- Savant faw one ToL 4n nsint On sae at distance r Arptiation Ui) Magnelfc Utd. at a ‘Ten Ms “etal coe ; Moped felt at He cotre 4, currant Carrying es eke] . Magne field. on the Covtae of Curmant carrng. (Cc me bo 6 te Cue Oe P = Me 2M | (romont behwet as an x3 ah orp tid on te centre Of curosnk carrying . Ampere! Crourital, Law Ze fal ie » , a) tnaglo a sepa u a dis ee on ot rae nd aru tone [ar ; Mop, HAA dn to « Ling, thin curooct casing te otti) Magnetic Pield outside a Atratgbt cuppont “Tl Calin tong gi lpn n foo thy avis @= Moat AA WW) Inside folooid = W ic Pield 8 v) Inst a bong Oe v Magualic fi Prtde a B= Unt | 6= T ANA (20) Force per unit be between too cwrrot caorujing, \F Mo Ti Ts. AT A (24) Current benghividy 4 rmoving, wil gelvanomten. - B= wpa i) lltge Sevostioe 4 of noting Coil galvonomebes. O, = NBA Vv KR (i) se Tea required to convert eee fubo amm 4 hal ts the full? ccale dafle ctfen ths a Lo-t Va ) WO Resistance sequined, to converted galvanomneten Into volbmater Tee RG uiLe Fidd, dua to a magralic monspale [8 = Hem 5, 4n | Qe. Bom te arial Line on end on poston of a bar C2 4s Ma ag nok, Bz He aM 44_{a?-1*)* an 3. B on the equabontal Lone on broad meres a be egret a bar B= by MoM (for nk, B= be. *) aOR: a Re 4. Time pertod, 4 angub ax. sum |= aa [E whew Tis q frurkia 5. Magnetic Po tds al. Um = -mb Shr® Um z-m-6 6+ Gauss Low in Magrstiom 66.42 =0 t tnelinali on | ip (o) poles Pee z vad At equator. £0 lg ” G be ‘ota He = Be Coc § g oe Ze = Be Coc Ze _ wi Ze = Tanf He [Bel = JZ He Z tHe. ratising, Ve Mem g Mag ‘sing, Neon, 9. Relation bebdeem Magnetic Preld tnbewefly (H) , Magrutic Breld (8) and veapliteg weiontoo? mt B= Bot Bm Bo= UM , tn m : Also, M=xH B= wa CItKH = Medal B= uH 40. Magnetic Susceptt bility (1,,) y= EL at. Relative Maguclic permeability (uk) [Tg= TF Xn] Grabony, with didactic comtant fy clebvtatics . = Hoty = Holl +7)] 12. Cunte s Lao em £ = = Clo Whe Cis cabled Curle's iP Constant * M=c bo Z (== ELECTROMAGNETIC JNDUCTIONS | ae B © Magnetic Furth.) Gg- 8-2 - BAtocd x 8© Fanaday's Lows 4, Induction dst Law - Tf He flex [indore with a col yates usith fine, an Eme ts Paduced acrou He wil. 2nd Law - ng nl bud. 4 Induced EMF is dint ay proper tital. ia He EE POG Pc Ue — ae: Fon coil of Al tunne - @ Methods of qonvreding EMP. Bata funtion d Hme lt) [B= -Nuniitt aiolocisb] * Basa fundion 4 time (t) [e= NO ta>wSlawt @® Motional me [@= BVL Lind] pool formla 5 le =(F xe)-L| ® Mational EME fr notation [e= 5 awe E Bak © Brergy Wnmawakion T= Bf > fore F=IBL F=B IV R Powe, _P Power Bpont in dissipabed. 0% Toule's heat Pee ZR =(Blyy>.g [Pp = ep Rhy fouled [ler= A haa e ® Induchane XT the « dt df de N dg =Lt ® Mutual gnductance Nb, « To Nig= M27, —- @ 19, = yl X TAP X Um, Te 1$* £2%%07t5, —— @ Min Te = Uotm, MARL Ie Ow ey nating @a4t@ Bimi Landy Ma = Uy, AAPL ent the cai (Ee @ buf dnoduttanee = GxL,"h=lr —@ Also, N@<(nt) (unt) (1a?) No= un>na*lLl —®@ LT= Un ma*LT emf induced whim current troogh the coil varied 2adb oh @ Erarpy stored in Indutton [E= 1174@ AC Gewaton pulsating t alternating © 7 Average value 4 Corowh Tavg = Qu = 0-634] > Root mean sqpare (RMS) valu Carat = [Pers a 4 - O-F0t ‘| [Vans = te = 0-#0# W] @ AC voltage applied toa Resicton tel, Sfalwat | if = No Power Consumed, Instankenous Power | Pr = R= eR Sin Cw) = t~”CSCO”COC oh P=ULR = te R Average Pow | ie — Vents = Lams -R Representation - v,sin wt,® ac valtage applied te an Inductor Dez Mo = Vo wl Xe i= bo Sin (wt -1) Induct ve Roackance - X, = wl Pi=-ToVo Cin(2wt) a = - lee < Sin DWE) =O = v v,8inwt, fet ' I 7 {,sin(o ty 7/2) Representation + @® Ac volbage applied, oa capaci ton, t= To Sin(wt + 1) fradfye Reatkance- Xe= 1 Capac ve. a = Power emiumed Snshantanoun power - Avoage Power - Ropnesentation, : Ri= Ty Sin (Lut) —E | B= BXe (Gn Camtly =0] i,sin( ot+7/2)© Ac Voltage applied to Aurtes LCR Cacutt To = Yo AR*+(X-Xe)™ Impede Z = JR (KX) Z* [ar+(wl- bY Tan b = Xe-Xe RK a Xe- Xe 9 tosh = KR a R © Resermnce Xr=Xce FwWob = 1 /wC >| w= /4 z=JRY+O*=R [Tans = Ve q shanprise 4 Resonance [We = Well ® Guolity facto = Wool ty factor [Q= wok Alco, Poses 4 AC Greuit - Power fackon, Snrdantareous Power [P=Vole [Corp -Cordut +f] Average Puen, /P=1* Zus¢| @ Lc Ose ationAisplacumiut Currant - 6 BdL = ugilt) las & a Ampere, Manel loud [$6 -cll= ugic 1,646 7 4 pic tle = [c+ &dge “at Gal = Upic + Upto afleckremagrelic Ih Wave fu = GStalke-wt) By = Bo Sin (kz -wE) i] (hw [S| UVa Sped 4. propgelios- [Y= 2) [Cav Beg [ Bere = Bax e (II & and. & dinsi EM Waves ® Minnon Eqpation fyatat v wf @ Linear Magnification [m =® Laws o Rebtaction ain =u who H,, raduve, f Sinn | index mg Pes L (Snell's Law) Went. medium J. © Refractive Inder TE] "uate HE © Apparant depth Real. dupth- Appar amt dap = d- RD - AD 2: a Me z) @TIR Siwi M2 = Sin4o where tc fs oritycal Onghe ® Ref ranchi On ot aplunical Brurface |\2* = Ha - Me - © @ Thin Lens prone. = ® Mogni foade on produced. by a a Lins ae @ Power 4 bins [P= 1 ¢ Coby, nod ® fn nae focol | F in tous "Povoer. P= SS in tovms | Of m= mM1-M,-M, --- magni froahi on® Refraction, hrduph, Prism baa) Sm = (hs-1) A applicable, n small argls whine ot is angle 4 prism @ Lens Makers formula, =? [4 a i ay Ry al @® Optical Instrummts (i) Tho Sf Micsos m= (+ = L, Linear Magnification Angular. na — Magnification AM: ee (i) ono as des to oojedive M5 = he ig he 7 Linton nepali dut £0 eye phece E a EL magn fh ees itl) Telescope ma Prd fehl tube nee hth1. Snell's Law yn = Sint Stn a 2 pe 2 eae Tn Yacuu) v 4 alt in medium whi C=yA Also, == Ae wdavebergtr Vacuum a Se m yaedium Raed in meclium , Med 3. Optical path (tr vacuum) = yy x Path in medium 4 Amplituce | and. Intensity at ana poink in an Intenfinence [E> Ti+2, + 2 far, Og | 2 5+ Young's double split experimant (7 For, brtght Painge , path diffounce [P=n) (ii) fon dank fringe >|P cia me 4275; (iii) Distance 4 nt baba feiege Prom te conde tha Screen (wv) Distance 4 nt donk fringe Prom He cord cE te Screen | es = (an-4) DL. Ld.i) Warele Malt ved bd (i) andr 4 it wk, FEEL (wil) Anaudan postion 4 Daigle fine, 6, = en D cs (viii) Angulo. pei i dank fringe 0, = oe « = (Qn- IE 6 Inhens by Ratio ak marima oa minima ——————— Dnnax = (+9) =(442) (@,- a) n-a (v) Fringe Width [B= DA Trin + di hon a tran: vt shoot ar ll eth nda if + [p= 4) E | ge ee 4, the central bright pinge =e =D A Ax Llu ae at a)t 4. Diffraction Night and Frusnel's distance () Diffradion aka a Hogle slit 4 width ‘a’. = Condition don, 1 minimum is aRNO= nr] Whee n= 1,2,3,--- > Condition fon vt fecond ao mooimum fs @ £in@ =(2n+1) A Who n>1,2,3,--- Z> Angolan, post: fon on dinedion 9 iP knimaie, n= > Distance X nth minimum from the cone of He oat %, = NDA a ? Argulan position J ri™ Abconc osu maximum ©, =(2n41) A_ 24 > Dictance af nth fecon maalmum Brom He Centre tte Sreen, my, =(2n+1)_Dd 2a a> Widhh . Cevdaol maxitnum p= B= 2dr ° a > An sprond of Control maatmum 60 Etan Ale , O=f 4 a > Total areplen: spread. 6 Cordaol Maximum 205 20 a 10. Fon diffraction at a cnrculon Aperture 9, diamskor b * Angular Apniad. } comrol Maninum ©= 1-224 a > Pinon spreak X= DE > Areal Apread, x2=(pe)” valame. Pit. distance af which He offect 1s11. Fresnel distance | De = = 12. fize of Fresnel zone [a, =[\b B 3. Recol ving poor of ateleccope init of Rusolution 9 a kelecope dé D 1-224 . Resol wine power of a mnfcrosespe te K a) ‘Ad “L220 aoe ee 2 Outed x a ime R [dion Ja. icrosvope "fie 2Qusne 15. Law of malus [T= 1. Cos20 16. Brewster law | w= tani, ptt = 90° ] 17 Doplen'’s effect of Hort oe c A Av = Vove t¥ OA = y v Photons And ee effec Aesénogy 4 photon [E=hv= Ke | > No 4 photons emilled por gecond | N 7 Mamudum of pleten P= me == Equivaliid mass of a photon [m= hy 4 «photon fm = Be 7 Work pace Se oe, chrone 2 af * weaken! vlnracladi 00 + Pet ST gist by € neatdin's Knog = EMV ina =hy-W, = h(v-»,) hie £7 4, Naf te ye mae Saba Cg TEE sadn, K=Z minax = ON, 2 . 7] oe F Intensity of radiation = inti ta aes Inet dard power = Ineidank Tatensity X ona] 2» de- Broglie Wave inedi = dmvt =P > EXnetic Sg ‘Ae am =F mometum P=famk > de- Broghie Wavelenet , ie > fe voaydle m 4 teen ig as va 4 ge checker, bear bea’ a= d= _h_ = 1:23 nm Jimv woe 7 Braga's equation for cota diffradion is 7 ee 2dSinO =nA| , wm fs orden of-He cpectram 4ATOMS” te Distance. 4 Wosext Approach. and bonpak porarncker, > KE 4 X-partida [ke imts 2 2k] 2 40& Ho > Distance d Closest ch, [95 Peers + “Pfr [Te ® ie ane mb ~ Impack parameter. b= 1 Zelotoe - 1 Zerlotob anh K 4nb, zm 2. Bohn's Hear 4 Hednoan, akom > KZe> _mv> > nr > [L=emvaznh an > [h, = the =H, 41?mk2e* > Va = 2a ket + | netic Envy = k Ze > Potudial Eneray © Ret > Total Cnargy t= a = -Rhe - -136 eV E ni h* n n* Also, €,=-kKE 5 PE=s-2kE =26, az Frequency |? = 202 mk? ef [4-<] he mom> Wave Number Ih aK LS] a np one Whire | R = &ntmk2e4 Ch3 > donisclion potdjal = -13-6 2* volt ia > | Ty = 27 an = nth? = Tne Vn 42% mk? 2Ze4 + te Efnstetn's mass - eninge equévalence E= mc" 2.@[tamu = 1 x Mass of C-12 alom ir Gi) Nuglean radius [R= @A"?] token y= 1-2 X107%m (iit) Nuclear donsity , | Bny = Nuclear mass _ _ ttn Nuclean vol” #19? 3 3. Mass Defect dm =[ Zmp +(A-2) m,-my } * Binding Srogy = (4m) c* ° Binding ey = BE Nuc!’ A ° Packing Peele = 4. Radio adhvi by a ae owas don nadioadive fransformodions one1+ Intrinsic And Extrinsic Remiconducon © In intrinsic Somcmdudon Ne = NaN; of epltin © Mavis ined. to Crocdle - elecbon join EY apne a@ hole Eq =h¥ni, = be 2. Comcbuchiv be * Mot?li io, [el obi 4 ay ee Cava uw 2 + Ela Comm [Fe eA rok het] © Electatcol Comckucti’ by a]e= t= eCnete +1, U,) g © Vantadtion fr COrndia hiviry With eanperstune . ae) & 3. P-n Junction © The dec pesistance a. function diode , fue + « Tle dynamic On C+ pesistance fa fein * sade, fg On Pac = . frogs value 4 he obtatned. from a half -ioave fie, Tue -L . rong. value ey de oenvad from o pull- wave p2di fren,