1. W, X, Y and Z are four consecutive elements in the Periodic Table.
X consists of monoatomic
molecules. W reacts with oxygen to form a compound U, while Z reacts with oxygen to form a
compound V. (W, X, Y and Z are NOT chemical symbols of elements).
(a) Name the group that X belongs to.
(1 mark)
(b) Draw the electron diagram of U, showing electrons of the outermost shells only.
(1 mark)
(c) Draw the electron diagram of V, showing electrons of the outermost shells only.
(1 mark)
(d) Compare the melting point of U and V. Explain your answer.
(2 marks)
2. In an experiment, 15.9 g of copper(II) oxide was heated with 6.0 g of carbon powder according to
the following equation.
2CuO(s) + C(s) →2Cu(s) + CO2(g)
(a) Calculate the theoretical yield of copper.
(4 marks)
(b) Given that the percentage yield of copper is 66.0%. Calculate the actual yield of copper.
(2 marks)
3. 25 cm3 of 0.045 mol dm-3 sodium carbonate solution is transferred to a clean conical flask. A few
drops of methyl orange are added as indicator. The solution is then titrated against hydrochloric
acid. The titration results are shown in the following table:
Titration 1 2 3 4
Initial burette 0.40 0.50 1.40 1.10
reading (cm3)
Final burette 26.50 26.30 27.20 28.50
reading (cm3)
(a) Name the apparatus for transferring the sodium carbonate solution to the conical flask.
(1 mark)
(b) State the colour change at the end point.
(1 mark)
(c) Calculate the molarity of the hydrochloric acid solution.
(4 marks)
*4. Briefly describe how to prepare solid silver chloride from silver nitrate solid.
(5 marks)
5. Cracking of nonane (C9H20) gives two straight chain hydrocarbons, X and Y. X contains one
more carbon atom than Y. X reacts with bromine (dissolved in organic solvent) very quickly in the
dark while Y does not give any observable change.
(a) Draw possible structure of X.
(1 mark)
(b) Write a chemical equation of cracking of nonane to give X and Y.
(1 mark)
(c) X and Y can also be distinguished by acidified potassium permanganate solution. Give the
expected observation.
(1 mark)
(d) Write the chemical equation for the reaction involved in part (c). (Use [O] to represent the
oxygen from potassium permanganate)
(1 mark)
6. Both Cl2O and PCl5 exists as simple molecules.
(a) For each of these molecules, draw and name their three-dimensional structures.
Molecule Cl2O PCl5
Three-dimensional structures
Name of structure
(4 marks)
(b) Explain whether Cl2O and PCl5 are polar or not.
(2 marks)
(c) You are provided the following apparatus and reagent:
Burette, stand and clamp, 100 cm3 beaker, charged rod, unknown liquid X
Breifly describe how to show the unknown liquid X is polar ot not experimentally.
(2 marks)
7. The results of a series of displacement reactions are given in the tablr below:
Solution of Lead(II) nitrate Iron(II) nitrate Silver nitrate
nitrate of X solution solution solution
Metal X / reaction occurs reaction occurs reaction occurs
Lead no observable / no observable reaction occurs
change change
Iron no observable reaction occurs / reaction occurs
change
Silver no observable no observable no observable /
change change change
(a) What is a displacement reaction?
(1 mark)
(b) List one observable change when X is put into iron(II) nitrate solution.
(1 mark)
(c) Chromium should be placed between X and iron in the reactivity series. Suppose you are
provided with chromium(III) nitrate solution, describe an experment to show this.
(2 marks)
(d) Write an ionic equation for the reaction between iron and silver nitrate solution.
(1 mark)
8.
(a)To determine the standard enthalpy change of combustion of ethanol, a calorimeter is set up.
Ethanol is completely burnt in air under standard conditions. It is found that 1370 kJ mol-1 heat is
released during the reaction.
(i) Construct a thermochemical equation for the combustion of ethanol under standard condition.
(1 mark)
(ii) Draw the calorimeter for determining the standard enthalpy change of combustion.
(3 marks)
(iii) Calculate the heat released when the mass of 1 litre of ethanol is completely burnt in air.
(Given: 1 litre of ethanol is 780 g, Relative atomic mass of C = 12.0, H=1.0, O=16.0)
(2 marks)
(b) Consider the following equations and their enthalpy changes:
What is the enthalpy change of the following reaction in kJ mol-1?
(3 marks)
9. Three electrolytic cells were set up as shown below:
(a) Determine the mass of copper produced at one of the electrodes in cell 2 if the tin electrode in
cell 1 decreased in mass by 0.034 g.
(2 marks)
(b) Compare the colour and pH of the solutions in cell 2 and 3 after the cells have operated for a
peiod of time.
(i)
Colour:
Explanation:
(ii)
pH:
Explanation:
(4 marks)
(c) Copper can be used to distinguish concentrated ethanoic acid and concentrated nitric acid.
State the expected observations.
(2 marks)
