Statistics and

Probabilty
Third Quarter
Module 5:
Solve Problems Involving
Mean and Variance of
Probability Distributions

1
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VII-CENTRAL VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SIQUIJOR
COPYRIGHT NOTICE

Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:

“No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Republic of the Philippines.
However, prior approval of the government agency of office wherein the work is created shall be
necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.”

This material has been developed through the initiative of the Curriculum Implementation Division (CID) of
the Department of Education – Siquijor Division.

It can be reproduced for educational purposes and the source must be clearly acknowledged. The material
may be modified for the purpose of translation into another language, but the original work must be acknowledged.
Derivatives of the work including the creation of an edited version, supplementary work or an enhancement of it are
permitted provided that the original work is acknowledged, and the copyright is attributed. No work may be derived
from this material for commercial purposes and profit.

Borrowed materials (i.e. songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in
this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek
permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not
represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Neri C. Ojastro
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Edmark Ian L. Cabio

Development Team of Learning Module

Writer: Roger Maglangit

Evaluators: Marilou C. Gulahab Mera M. Tuangco
Alma B. Panzo Alberta S. Bato

Management Team: D Dr. Marlou S. Maglinao o

CID - Chief

___________Neddy G. Arong g
Education Program Supervisor (MATHEMATICS)

E Edesa T. Calvadores s
Education Program Supervisor (LRMDS)

Printed in the Philippines

Department of Education – Region VII, Central Visayas, Division of Siquijor
Office Address: Larena, Siquijor
Telephone No.: (035) 377-2034-2038
E-mail Address: [email protected]

2
 Statistics and
Probability
Third Quarter
Module 5: Solving Problems
Involving Mean and Variance
of Probability Distributions

3
 INTRODUCTION

This module is written in support of the k to 12 Basic Education

Program to ensure attainment of standards expected of you as a learner.

This aims to equip you with essential knowledge on how to solve

problems involving Mean and Variance of Probability Distributions.

This includes the following activities/tasks:

• Expected Learning Outcome – This lays out the learning outcome

that you are expected to have accomplished at the end of the
module.
• Pre-Test – This determines your prior learning on the particular
lesson you are about to take.
• Discussion of the Lesson – This provides you with the important
knowledge, principles and attitude that will help you meet the
expected learning outcome.
• Learning Activities – These provide you with the application of the
knowledge and principles you have gained from the lesson and
enable you to further enhance your skills as you carry out
prescribed tasks.
• Post-test – This evaluates your overall understanding about the
module.

With the different activities provided in this module, may you find this
material engaging and challenging as it develops your critical thinking skills.

4
 What I Need To Know
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

• solve problem involving mean and variance of probability

distributions.

What I Know
Activity: Solve the problem below. Show your solutions. (Eight points)

Three hundred tickets are sold at ₱ 200 each. One ticket will be
randomly selected, and the winner will receive a cell phone load valued at
₱350. What is the mean or expected value for a person that buys one ticket?

SCORING RUBRIC:

8 6 4 2
Answers of the All of the Most of the Most of the Most of the
Problem answers are answers are answers are answers are
correct with correct with correct with correct with
correct solution incomplete incomplete incomplete
of the problem. solution of the solution of the solution of the
problem. problem. problem.

What’s In
Answer the problem below.

From the probability distribution, complete the table and solve for the
mean, variance and standard deviation for the random variable x, which
represents the number of cars per household in a town of 1000 households.

x P(x) x P(x) x- 𝝁 x- 𝝁)2 P(x) (x- 𝝁)2

0 0.125
1 0.428
2 0.256
3 0.108
4 0.083

5
 What’s New

Read and analyze the problem below:

The officers of Class 81 of a certain school decided to conduct a lottery

for the benefit of the less privileged students of their alma mater. Two
hundred tickets will be sold. One ticket will win ₱10, 000 price and the other
tickets will win nothing. If you will buy one ticket, what will be your
expected gain? Find also the variance and standard deviation.

Questions:
1. What fraction that represents the probability of winning?
2. What fraction that represents the probability of losing?
3. How can we solve the problem?

What Is It

Let us answer and discuss the problem given in “What’s New”.

The officers of Class 81 of a certain school decided to conduct a lottery

for the benefit of the less privileged students of their alma mater. Two
hundred tickets will be sold. One ticket will win ₱10, 000 price and the other
tickets will win nothing. If you will buy one ticket, what will be your
expected gain? Find also the variance and standard deviation.

Questions:
1. What fraction that represents the probability of winning?
2. What fraction that represents the probability of losing?
3. How can we solve the problem?

Solution:
1. Since only one out of two hundred tickets will win ₱10,000, the
1
probability of winning is 200 or 0.005.
2. The remaining 199 tickets will win nothing, the probability of
199
losing is 200 or 0.995.

6
 3. To solve for the mean, we have the probability distribution below.
x P(x) xP(x)
₱0 0.995 0
₱ 10,000 0.005 50

∑[xP(x)] = 50

∑[x P(x)] = (0) (0.995) + (10, 000 )(0 . 005) = ₱ 50

The mean or expected gain is ₱ 50.

To solve for the variance and standard, continue the probability

distribution.

x P(x) x ∙ P(x) x-𝝁 (𝐱 − 𝝁)2 P(x) ∙ (𝐱 − 𝝁)2

P0 0.995 0 -50 2500 2, 487.50
P 10,000 0.005 50 9, 950 99,002,500 495,012.50

𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 𝜇 = ∑[xP(x)] = 50 Variance = σ2 = ∑(x − μ)2 ∙ P(x) = 497, 500

(Standard deviation) 𝜎 = √σ2 = √∑(x − μ)2 ∙ P(x) = √497, 500 = 705.34

The variance is ₱ 497, 500 and its standard deviation is the square
root of the variance which is ₱ 705. 34.

Since it has a large standard deviation (and variance) so it means that

the distribution is rather spread out, with some chance of observing values
at some distance from the mean.

7
 To know more on problem solving mean and variance, let us discuss
the following example.

Example:

At a raffle, 1500 tickets are sold at ₱2 each for four prizes of

₱500, ₱250, ₱150, and ₱75. You buy one ticket. What is the expected
value of your gain?

Solution:

• To find the gain for each prize, subtract the price of the ticket from the
prize.

✓ Your gain for the ₱500 prize is ₱500 – ₱2 = ₱498

✓ Your gain for the ₱250 prize is ₱250 – ₱2 = ₱248
✓ Your gain for the ₱150 prize is ₱150 – ₱2 = ₱148
✓ Your gain for the ₱75 prize is ₱75 –₱2 = ₱73
✓ If you do not win a prize, your gain is ₱0 – ₱2 = –₱2

• Probability distribution for the possible gains (outcomes).

Gain, (x) 498 248 148 73 –2

P(x) 1 1 1 1 1496
1500 1500 1500 1500 1500

𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 𝐸(𝑥) = ∑[𝑥 𝑃(𝑥 )]

1 1 1 1 1
= 498 ( ) + 248 ( ) + 148 ( ) + 73 ( ) + ( −2) ( )
1500 1500 1500 1500 1500
= − 1.35

The mean or expected gain is - ₱1.35.

It means that you can expect to lose an average of ₱1.35 for each
ticket you buy.

8
 What’s More
Directions. Answer the questions and complete the table to find the answer
of the problem.

At a raffle, 10,000 tickets are sold at ₱5 each for three prizes

valued at ₱4, 800, ₱1, 200, and ₱400. What is the expected value of
one ticket?
1. What is your gain for ₱4, 800 prize?
2. What is your gain for ₱1, 200 prize?
3. What is your gain for ₱400 prize?
4. What is your gain if you do not win the prize?
Gain, (x)
P(x)

What I Have Learned

I learned that:

the mean is the expected value in random probability distribution.

problems involving mean and variance can be solved using probability
distribution.

What I Can Do
Directions. Answer the problem below. Show your solutions in your
notebook.

The officers of the faculty club of a public high school are

planning to sell 160 tickets to be raffled during the Christmas party.
One ticket will win ₱ 3,000. The other tickets will win nothing. If you
are a faculty member of the school and you will buy one ticket, what
will be mean or the expected value of your gain?

SCORING RUBRIC:
8 6 4 2
Answers of All of the Most of the Most of the Most of the
the Problem answers are answers are answers are answers are
correct with correct with correct with correct with
correct solution incomplete incomplete incomplete
of the problem. solution of the solution of the solution of the
problem. problem. problem.

9
 Assessment
Directions: Solve the problems below by constructing a probability
distribution. Write the letter of the correct answer. One point for the
missing value in the probability distribution.

1. In a raffle, 1,000 tickets are sold for ₱2 each. One ticket will be
randomly selected and the winner will receive a 25 kg rice worth
₱1200. What is the expected value for a person that buys one ticket?

x P(x) xP(x)
₱0
₱ 1, 200

a. ₱ -1.20
b. ₱ -0.80
c. ₱ 0.8
d. ₱ 1.20

3. What is the variance of the problem given in number 1?

a. 37.93
b. 1,437.1214
c. 1,438.56
d. 2,438.56

4. Find the standard deviation in problem number 1.

a. 37.93
b. 1,437.1214
c. 1,438.56
d. 2,438.56

5. At a raffle, 10,000 tickets are sold at ₱10 each for three prizes valued
at ₱4,800, ₱1,200, and ₱400. What is the expected value of one ticket?

Gain (x)
P(x)

a. -₱9.36
b. ₱-0.64
c. ₱0.64
d. ₱9.36

10
 References

Commission on Higher Education, Teaching Guide for Senior

High School Probability and Statistics Finding the Mean and Variance. 2016.

https://www.google.com/search?q=mean+variance+and+standard+deviation
+of+a+discrete+random+variable&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUK
EwjOjNjyytbtAhXHc3AKHbYWD5MQ_AUoAXoECAIQAw&biw=1366&bih=625
#imgrc=X77Q8bPq-LXFEM

11