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Ex-2-code

The document contains Python code implementing the Newton-Raphson and Secant methods for finding roots of a function. It includes functions for evaluating user-defined mathematical expressions, performing iterations, and plotting the approximate relative error over iterations. The code also handles user input for function definitions, initial guesses, tolerance, and maximum iterations, while providing error handling for invalid inputs.

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remblueanime
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3 views

Ex-2-code

The document contains Python code implementing the Newton-Raphson and Secant methods for finding roots of a function. It includes functions for evaluating user-defined mathematical expressions, performing iterations, and plotting the approximate relative error over iterations. The code also handles user input for function definitions, initial guesses, tolerance, and maximum iterations, while providing error handling for invalid inputs.

Uploaded by

remblueanime
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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import math

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


from sympy import symbols, diff, lambdify

# Function to evaluate user input function


def evaluate_function(func_str, x):
return eval(func_str)

# Newton-Raphson Method
def newton_raphson_method(func_str, df_func_str, x0, tol=0.1, max_iter=100,
true_root=None):
iteration_data = []
ea_values = [] # To store Ea for plotting
iteration_numbers = [] # To store iteration numbers for plotting

x = x0 # Initial guess

# Table header for Newton-Raphson


print("\nNewton-Raphson Method:")
print(f"{'n':<5}{'x_n':<12}{'f(x_n)':<12}{'f\'(x_n)':<12}{'Ea (%)':<12}{'Et
(%)':<12}")
print("-" * 70)

for i in range(max_iter):
f_x = evaluate_function(func_str, x)
df_x = evaluate_function(df_func_str, x)

# Avoid division by zero


if df_x == 0:
print("Zero derivative encountered, method fails.")
break

# Update x using Newton-Raphson formula


x_new = x - (f_x / df_x)

# Calculate approximate relative error (Ea)


if i > 0:
ea = abs((x_new - x) / x_new) * 100
else:
ea = None

# Calculate true relative error (Et), if true root is provided


if true_root is not None:
et = abs((true_root - x) / true_root) * 100
else:
et = None

# Store iteration data


iteration_data.append((i, x, f_x, df_x, ea, et))

# Store data for plotting


iteration_numbers.append(i) # Iteration number
ea_values.append(ea)

# Print row
print(f"{i:<5}{x:<12.6f}{f_x:<12.6f}{df_x:<12.6f}{f'{ea:.6f}' if ea is not
None else 'N/A':<12}{f'{et:.6f}' if et is not None else 'N/A':<12}")

# Check if tolerance is met


if ea is not None and ea < tol:
break

x = x_new # Update x for next iteration

return iteration_data, ea_values, iteration_numbers

# Secant Method
def secant_method(func_str, x0, x1, tol=0.1, max_iter=100, true_root=None):
iteration_data = []
ea_values = [] # To store Ea for plotting
iteration_numbers = [] # To store iteration numbers for plotting

x_prev = x0
x_curr = x1 # Initial guesses

# Table header for Secant Method


print("\nSecant Method:")
print(f"{'n':<5}{'x_n':<12}{'f(x_n)':<12}{'Ea (%)':<12}{'Et (%)':<12}")
print("-" * 60)

for i in range(max_iter):
f_x_prev = evaluate_function(func_str, x_prev)
f_x_curr = evaluate_function(func_str, x_curr)

# Avoid division by zero


if f_x_curr - f_x_prev == 0:
print("Zero denominator encountered, method fails.")
break

# Update x using Secant formula


x_new = x_curr - f_x_curr * (x_curr - x_prev) / (f_x_curr - f_x_prev)

# Calculate approximate relative error (Ea)


if i > 0:
ea = abs((x_new - x_curr) / x_new) * 100
else:
ea = None

# Calculate true relative error (Et), if true root is provided


if true_root is not None:
et = abs((true_root - x_curr) / true_root) * 100
else:
et = None

# Store iteration data


iteration_data.append((i, x_curr, f_x_curr, ea, et))

# Store data for plotting


iteration_numbers.append(i) # Iteration number
ea_values.append(ea)

# Print row
print(f"{i:<5}{x_curr:<12.6f}{f_x_curr:<12.6f}{f'{ea:.6f}' if ea is not
None else 'N/A':<12}{f'{et:.6f}' if et is not None else 'N/A':<12}")

# Check if tolerance is met


if ea is not None and ea < tol:
break
x_prev = x_curr
x_curr = x_new

return iteration_data, ea_values, iteration_numbers

# Plotting function for both methods in separate subplots


def plot_ea_vs_iterations_subplots(iteration_numbers_newton, ea_values_newton,
iteration_numbers_secant, ea_values_secant):
fig, axs = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(12, 6)) # Create a single figure with
two subplots (1 row, 2 columns)

# Plot Newton-Raphson Method on the first subplot


axs[0].plot(iteration_numbers_newton[1:], ea_values_newton[1:], 'bo-',
label='Newton-Raphson Method Ea (%)')
axs[0].set_xlabel('Iteration Number')
axs[0].set_ylabel('Ea (%)')
axs[0].set_title('Newton-Raphson Method')
axs[0].grid(True)
axs[0].legend()

# Plot Secant Method on the second subplot


axs[1].plot(iteration_numbers_secant[1:], ea_values_secant[1:], 'ro-',
label='Secant Method Ea (%)')
axs[1].set_xlabel('Iteration Number')
axs[1].set_ylabel('Ea (%)')
axs[1].set_title('Secant Method')
axs[1].grid(True)
axs[1].legend()

# Adjust layout to prevent overlap


plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# Main Execution
try:
# Asking user for inputs
func_str = input("Enter the function in terms of x (e.g., 'x**3 - 5*x**2 + 6*x
- 2'): ")

# Generate derivative of the function for Newton-Raphson Method


x_sym = symbols('x')
func_sym = eval(func_str)
df_func_sym = diff(func_sym, x_sym)
df_func_str = str(df_func_sym)

print(f"Derived function for Newton-Raphson: f'(x) = {df_func_str}")

x0_newton = float(input("Enter the initial guess for Newton-Raphson Method: "))


x0_secant = float(input("Enter the first initial guess for Secant Method: "))
x1_secant = float(input("Enter the second initial guess for Secant Method: "))
tol = float(input("Enter the stopping criterion (tolerance, e.g. 0.1, 0.5): "))
max_iter = int(input("Enter the maximum number of iterations: "))
true_root = float(input("Enter the true root (if known, otherwise enter 0): "))
or None

# Run the Newton-Raphson Method


newton_data, ea_values_newton, iteration_numbers_newton =
newton_raphson_method(func_str, df_func_str, x0_newton, tol, max_iter, true_root)
# Run the Secant Method
secant_data, ea_values_secant, iteration_numbers_secant =
secant_method(func_str, x0_secant, x1_secant, tol, max_iter, true_root)

# Plot the Ea vs Iterations graphs for both methods in subplots


if newton_data and secant_data:
plot_ea_vs_iterations_subplots(iteration_numbers_newton, ea_values_newton,
iteration_numbers_secant, ea_values_secant)

except ValueError:
print("Invalid input. Please enter numerical values.")
except Exception as e:
print(f"An error occurred: {e}")

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