KUNDAN GREEN VALLEY

SCHOOL
HOLIDAY HOMEWORK
CLASS- XII (SCIENCE)
SESSION - 2024-25

★ SUBJECT: ENGLISH

Do as directed.
1. Read an English Newspaper daily and note down atleast 5 new words and write them in
Holiday Homework Notebook with their meanings.
2. Write the summary of the poem ‘keeping Quiet’ in your own words along with the literary
devices and their examples used in it.
3. Describe in your own words how William Douglas struggled to overcome his fear of water.
(150-200 words)
4. “The Tiger King spent his life to alter his fate by killing hundred innocent tigers but failed to
avoid the inevitable”. Elaborate the statement in your own words. (150-200 words)
5. Write an invitation or its reply weekly in your Holiday H.W. Notebook.
6. Write a job application weekly in your Holiday H.W. Notebook.
7. Do Practice of one Unseen Passage Weekly.
8. Learn and revise full syllabus of PA-2.
CHEMISTRY

• . Complete your investigatory project which you have been already alloted
.PROJECT FILE SHOULD CONTAIN PAGES IN FOLLOWING ORDER:
• a. CERTIFICATE
• b. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• c. AIM OF PROJECT
• d. INTRODUCTION
• e. THEORY
• f. APPARATUS REQUIRED
• g. PROCEDURE
• h. OBSERVATION
• i. CONCLUSION
• j. PRECAUTION
• k. BIBLIOGRAPHY **
• STRICTLY ADHERE TO ABOVE MENTIONED ORDER 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Make a list of
all the named reactions in chapter 10 and 11 and write them in your assignment
register.
• Write all the reaction mechanism in chapter 10 in your assignment register.
• List five distinguish test with example studied till yet.
• Numerical Questions of CHAPTER 2 is hereby attached.
• All assignments should be done in separate register and copy of assignment sheet
should be pasted.
• Timely submission of assignment register is must.
• SOLUTIONS
• 1 State Henry’s law correlating the pressure of a gas and its solubility in a solvent
and mention two applications of the law.
• 2 Calculate the temperature at which a solution containing 54 g of glucose, (C6 H12
O6 ) in 250 g of water will freeze. (Kf for water =1.86 K mol kg -1 )
• 3 State Raoult’s law for solutions of volatile liquids. Taking suitable examples
explain the meaning of positive and negative deviations from Raoult’s law.
OR Define the term
osmotic pressure. Describe how the molecular mass of a substance can be
determined by a method based on measurement of osmotic pressure?
• 4 Define osmotic pressure. How is it that measurement of osmotic pressures is
more widely used for determining molar masses of macromolecules than the rise in
boiling point or fall in freezing point of their solutions? OR
Derive an equation to express that relative lowering of vapour pressure for a solution
is equal to the mole fraction of the solute in it when the solvent alone is volatile.
• 5 Differentiate between molality and molarity of a solution. What is the effect of
change in temperature of a solution on its molality and molarity?
• 6 (a) Define the following terms: (i) Mole fraction(ii) Van’t Hoff factor (b) 100 mg of a
protein is dissolved in enough water to make 100 mL of a solution. If this solution
has an osmotic pressure 13.3 mm Hg at 25° C, what is the molar mass of protein? (R
= 0.0821 L atm mol–1 K–1 and 760 mm Hg = 1 atm.) OR
What is meant by: (i) Colligative properties (ii) Molality of a solution. (b) What
concentration of nitrogen should be present in a glass of water at room
temperature? Assume a temperature of 25° C, total pressure of 1 atmosphere and
mole fraction of nitrogen in air of 0.78. [KH for nitrogen = 8.42 × 10–7 M/mm Hg]
• 7 Calculate the freezing point depression for 0.0711 m aqueous solution of sodium
sulphate(Na2 SO4), if it is completely ionised in solution. If this solution actually
freezes at – 0.320 °C, what is the value of Van’t Hoff factor for it at the freezing point?
(Kf for water is 1.86°C mol–1)
• 8 What is ‘reverse osmosis’?
• 9 Non-ideal solutions exhibit either positive or negative deviations from Raoult’s
law. What are these deviations and why are they caused? Explain with one example
for each type.
• 10 A solution prepared by dissolving 1.25 g of oil of winter green (methyl salicylate)
in 99.0 g of benzene has a boiling point of 80.31°C. Determine the molar mass of
this compound. (B.P. of pure Benzene = 80.10°C and Kb for benzene = 2.53°C kg
mol–1)
• 11 A solution of glycerol (C3H8O3; molar mass = 92 g mol-1) in water was prepared
by dissolving some glycerol in 500 g of water. This solution has a boiling point of
100.42°C. What mass of glycerol was dissolved to make this solution? Kb for water =
0.512 K kg mol-1.
• 12 Define the terms, ‘osmosis’ and ‘osmotic pressure’. What is the advantage of
using osmotic pressure as compared to other colligative properties for the
determination of molar masses of solutes in solutions.
• 13 What mass of NaCl (molar mass = 58.5 g mol–1) must be dissolved in 65 g of
water to lower the freezing point by 7.5°C? The freezing point depression constant,
Kf , for water is 1.86 K kg mol–1. Assume van’t Hoff factor for NaCl is 1.87.
• 14 What mass of ethylene glycol (molar mass = 62.0 g mol–1) must be added to 5.50
kg of water to lower the freezing point of water from 0°C to – 10.0°C? (Kf for water =
1.86 K kg mol–1)
• 15. 15 g of an unknown molecular substance was dissolved in 450 g of water. The
resulting solution freezes at – 0.34°C. What is the molar mass of the substance? (Kf
for water = 1.86 K kg mol–1).
• 16 (a) Differentiate between molarity and molality for a solution. How does a
change in temperature influence their values?
(b) Calculate the freezing point of an aqueous solution containing 10.50 g of MgBr2
in 200 g of water. (Molar mass of MgBr2= 184 g) (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol–1)
OR (a) Define
the terms osmosis and osmotic pressure. Is the osmotic pressure of a solution a
colligative property? Explain.
(b) Calculate the boiling point of a solution prepared by adding 15.00 g of NaCl to
250.00 g of water. (Kb for water = 0.512 kg mol–1), (Molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g)
• 17 (a) State the following: (i) Henry’s law about partial pressure of a gas in a mixture.
(ii) Raoult’s law in its general form in reference to solutions.
(b) A solution prepared by dissolving 8.95 mg of a gene fragment in 35.0 mL of water
has an osmotic pressure of 0.335 torr at 25°C. Assuming the gene fragment is a non-
electrolyte, determine its molar mass. OR
• (a) Differentiate between molarity and molality in a solution. What is the effect of
temperature change on molarity and molality in a solution?
(b) What would be the molar mass of a compound if 6.21g of it dissolved in 24.0 g
ofchloroform form a solution that has a boiling point of 68.04°C. The boiling point of
pure chloroform is 61.7°C and the boiling point elevation constant, Kb for
chloroform is 3.63°C/m.
• 18 A 0.561 m solution of an unknown electrolyte depresses the freezing point of
water by 2.93°C. What is Van’t Hoff factor for this electrolyte? The freezing point
depression constant (Kf) for water is 1.86°C kg mol–1.
• 19 A 1.00 molal aqueous solution of trichloroacetic acid (CCl3COOH) is heated to
its boiling point. The solution has the boiling point of 100.18°C. Determine the van’t
Hoff factor for trichloroacetic acid. (Kb for water = 0.512 K kg mol–1)
OR Define the following
terms: (i) Mole fraction (ii) Isotonic solutions (iii) Van’t Hoff factor (iv) Ideal
solution
• 20 Calculate the amount of KCl which must be added to 1 kg of water so that the
freezing point is depressed by 2 K. (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol–1)
• 21 At 25°C the saturated vapour pressure of water is 3.165 kPa (23.75 mm Hg). Find
the saturated vapour pressure of a 5% aqueous solution of urea (carbamide) at the
same temperature. (Molar mass of urea = 60.05 g mol–1)
• 22 (a) Define any two of the following terms: (i) van’t Hoff factor (ii) Mole fraction (iii)
Ebullioscopic constant (b) State Raoult’s law.
OR The density of water
of a lake is 1.25 g (mL)–1 and one kg of this water contains 92 g of Na+ ions. what is
the molarity of Na+ ions in the water of the lake? (Atomic mass of Na = 23.00 u)
• 23. 18 g of glucose, C6H12O6 (Molar Mass = 180 g mol–1) is dissolved in 1 kg of
water in a sauce pan. At what temperature will this solution boil? (Kb for water =
0.52 K kg mol–1, boiling point of pure water = 373.15 K)
• 24 Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 2.5 × 10–2 g
of K2SO4 in 2 L of water at 25oC, assuming that it is completely dissociated. (R =
0.082 L atm K–1 mol–1, Molar mass of K2SO4 = 174 g mol–1).
• 25 (a) State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile components. How does
Raoult’s law become a special case of Henry’s law?
(b) 1.00 g of a non-electrolyte solute dissolved in 50 g of benzene lowered the
freezing point of benzene by 0.40 K. Find the molar mass of the solute. (Kf for
benzene = 5.12 kg mol–1) OR
• (a) Define the following terms: (i) Ideal solution (ii) Azeotrope (iii) Osmotic pressure
(b) A solution of glucose (C6H12O6) in water is labelled as 10% by weight. What
would be the molality of the solution? (Molar mass of glucose = 180 g mol–1)
Physics
Chapter 1 - electrostatics and electric field
Chapters 2- electric potential and capacitance
Solved all numericals based on above chapters and NCERT.
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
1. Perform two asans each from every disease given in chapter -3 and click picture of yourself
and do paste it in your project file.
Make sure any asan should not be repeated.
BIOLOGY
ASSIGNMENT-1
CHAPTER:3- REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. The method of directly injecting a sperm into the ovum in Assisted
Reproductive Technology is called:
a. GIFT b. ZIFT
c. ICSI d. ET
2. Increased IMR and decreased MMR in a population will:
a. Cause a rapid increase in growth rate
b. Result in a decline in growth rate
c. Not cause a significant change in growth rate
d. Result in an explosive population
3. Intensely lactating mothers do not generally conceive due to the:
a. Suppression of gonadotropins
b. Hypersecretion of gonadotropins
c. Suppression of gametic transport
d. Suppression of fertilization
4. Sterilisation techniques are generally foolproof methods of contraception with least
side effects. Yet, this is the last option for couples because:
i. It is almost irreversible
ii. Of the misconception that it will reduce sexual urge
iii. It is a surgical procedure
iv. Of lack of sufficient facilities in many parts of the country
Choose the correct option:
a. i and iii
b. ii and iii
c. ii and iv
d. I, ii, iii and iv
5. A national-level approach to building up a reproductively healthy society
was taken up in our country in:
a. the 1950s b. The 1960s
c. The 1980s d. The 1990s
6. Emergency contraceptives are effective if used within:
a. 72 hrs of coitus
b. 72 hrs of ovulation
c. 72 hrs of menstruation
d. 72 hrs of implantation
7. Choose the right one among the statements given below:
a. IUDs are generally inserted by the user herself
b. IUDs increase phagocytosis reaction in the uterus
c. IUDs suppress gametogenesis
d. IUDs once inserted, need not be replaced
8. Following statements are given regarding MTP. Choose the correct options given
below:
i. MTPs are generally advised during first trimester
ii. MTPs are used as a contraceptive method
iii. MTPs are always surgical
iv. MTPs require the assistance of qualified medical personnel
(a) ii and iii (b) ii and iii (c) i and iv (d) i and ii
9. From the sexually transmitted diseases mentioned below, identify the
one which does not specifically affect the sex organs:
a. Syphilis b. AIDS
c. Gonorrhoea d. Genital warts
10. Condoms are one of the most popular contraceptives because of the
following reasons:
a. These are effective barriers for insemination
b. They do not interfere with coital act
c. These help in reducing the risk of STDs
d. All of the above
11. Choose the correct statement regarding the ZIFT procedure:
a. Ova collected from a female donor are transferred to the fallopian
tube to facilitate zygote formation.
b. A zygote is collected from a female donor and transferred to the
fallopian tube
c. A zygote is collected from a female donor and transferred to the uterus
d. Ova collected from a female donor and transferred to the uterusSolution:
12. The correct surgical procedure as a contraceptive method is:
a. Ovariectomy b. Hysterectomy
c. Vasectomy d. Castration
13. Diaphragms are contraceptive devices used by females. Choose the
correct option from the statements given below:
i. They are introduced into the uterus
ii. They are placed to cover the cervical region
iii. They act as physical barriers for sperm entry
iv. They act as spermicidal agents
(a) I and ii, (b) I and iii, (c) ii and iii, (d) iii & iv
II. SHORT AND LONG QUESTION ANSWERS
NCERT QUESTIONS
1. What are the suggested reasons for population explosion?
2. Is the use of contraceptives justified? Give reasons.
3. Removal of gonads cannot be considered as a contraceptive option. Why?
4.Amniocentesis for sex determination is banned in our country. Is this ban
necessary? Comment.
5. Suggest some methods to assist infertile couples to have children.
6. What are the measures one has to take to prevent from contracting STDs?
7. State True/False with explanation
(a) Abortions could happen spontaneously too. (True/False)
(b) Infertility is defined as the inability to produce a viable offspring and is always
due to abnormalities/defects in the female partner. (True/False)
(c) Complete lactation could help as a natural method of contraception.
(True/False)
(d) Creating awareness about sex related aspects is an effective method to
improve reproductive health of the people. (True/False)
8. Correct the following statements :
(a) Surgical methods of contraception prevent gamete formation.
(b) All sexually transmitted diseases are completely curable.
(c) Oral pills are very popular contraceptives among the rural women.
(d) In E. T. techniques, embryos are always transferred into the uterus.
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS
1. Our government has intentionally imposed strict conditions for MTP in our country.
Justify giving a reason. (Delhi 2017)
2. Name an IUD that you would recommend to promote the cervix hostility to sperms.
(Delhi 2014C)
3. State one reason, why breastfeeding the baby acts as a natural contraceptive for the
mother. (Delhi 2014C)
4. Mention one positive and one negative application of amniocentesis. (Delhi 2010)
5. What is amniocentesis? How is it misused? (Delhi 2014C)
Or
Why there is a statutory ban on amniocentesis? Why is this technique so named?
(Delhi 2012C)
Or
What is amniocentesis? Why has the government imposed a statutory ban inspite of
its importance in medical field? (Foreign 2010)
6. Why is tubectomy considered a contraceptive method? (Foreign 2010)
7. Mention the problems that are taken care of by Reproduction and Child Healthcare
Programme. (All India 2016)
8. What do oral pills contain and how do they act as effective contraceptives? (Delhi
2014C)
9. Why is Cu-T considered a good contraceptive device to space children? (Delhi 2011)
10. Name an oral pill used as a contraceptive by human females. Explain, how does it
prevent pregnancy? (Delhi 2011)
Or
Why is Saheli a well-accepted contraceptive pill? (Foreign 2010)
11. (i) List any four characteristics of an ideal contraceptive.
(ii) Name two intrauterine contraceptive devices that affect the motility of sperms.
(All India 2016)
12. Name and explain the surgical method advised to human males and females as a
mean of birth control. Mention its one advantage and one disadvantage. (Foreign
2014)
13. How do ‘implants’ act as an effective method of contraception in human females?
Mention its one advantage over contraceptive pills. (Delhi 2012)
14. Name any two assisted reproductive technologies that help infertile couples to have
children. (Delhi 2012C)
15. After a brief medical examination a healthy couple came to know that both of them
are unable to produce functional gametes and should look for an ‘ART’ (Assisted
Reproductive Technique). Name the ‘ART’ and the procedure involved that you can
suggest to them to help them bear a child. (Delhi 2015)
16. An infertile couple is advised to adopt test tube baby programme. Describe two
principal procedures adopted for such technologies. (Delhi 2015)
Or
Explain the Zygote Intra Fallopian
Transfer Technique (ZIFT). How is Intra Uterine Transfer (IUT) Technique different
from it? (All India 2010)
17. A couple where both husband and wife are producing functional gametes, but the
wife is still unable to conceive, is seeking medical aid. Describe any one method that
you can suggest to this couple to become happy parents. (All India 2014)
18. A large number of married couples in the world are childless. It is shocking to know
that in India, the female partner is often blamed for the couple being childless.
(i) Why in your opinion the female partner is often blamed for such situations in
India? Mention any two values that you as a biology student can promote to check
this social evil.
(ii) State any two reasons responsible for the cause of infertility.
(iii) Suggest a technique that can help the couple to have a child where the problem
is with the male partner. (All India 2016).
PROJECT WORK
NOTE: Students following are the various topics for your project work from various chapters of
th ncert textbook. You have to make a project file of atleast 30 to 35 pages on any ONE TOPIC
from this list. You are free to find any other topic of your interest and make a file on that topic but
you should discuss that topic with me.
Topics:
1. Human Health and Diseases
• Study of various diseases: Tuberculosis, AIDS, Cancer, Diabetes
• Immunology: Vaccine development and how vaccines work
• Effects of lifestyle on human health: Impact of diet, exercise, and sleep
2. Reproductive Health
• Birth control methods and family planning
• Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
• Assisted reproductive technologies: IVF, Surrogacy
3. Genetics and Evolution
• Mendelian inheritance and genetic disorders
• DNA fingerprinting and its applications
• Evolutionary biology: Natural selection, speciation
4. Biotechnology
• Genetic engineering: Techniques and applications
• CRISPR and gene editing technologies
• Biotechnology in medicine: Production of insulin, growth hormones
5. Ecology and Environment
• Biodiversity and its conservation
• Impact of human activities on the environment: Pollution, deforestation
• Sustainable development and green technologies
MATHEMATICS
Solve questions of chapter 2,3,4 and 5 in your practice copy.