The earth

Sun rise at 50° N 072° E is at 0254 on 25th January. What time will the sun rise at 50° N 007° E on that day?
A) 2154 UTC
B) 0514 UTC
C) 0714 UTC
D) 0254 UTC
The compression factor of the earth:
A) is so small that it may be ignored when making ordinary maps and charts.
B) makes the difference between the polar diameter and the equatorial
diameter about 22 NM.
C) is about 1:300.
D) all 3 answers are correct.
The angle between the true great-circle track and the true rhumb-line track joining the following points: A (60° S 165° W)
B (60° S 177° E), at the place of departure A, is:
A) 5.2°
B) 9°
C) 15.6°
D) 7.8°
An aircraft departing A(N40º 00´ E080º 00´ ) flies a constant true track of 270º at a ground speed of 120 kt. What are the
coordinates of the position reached in 6 HR?
A) N40º 00´ E068º 10´ .
B) N40º 00´ E064º 20´ .
C) N40º 00´ E060º 00´ .
D) N40º 00´ E070º 30´ .
The total length of the 30° Latitude is:
A) 18.706 km
B) 18.706 nm
C) 10.800 km
D) 10.800 nm
Latitude may be defined as:
A) The angular distance measured along a meridian from the equator to a
parallel of the latitude, measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds and
named North or South.
B) The displacement of a place from equator.
C) The angle between the plane of the equator and the plane of the parallel
of latitude.
D) The distance from equator to a place on the surface of the earth.
You are flying from A (50N 10W) to B (58N 02E). What is the Convergency between A and B?
A) 9,7°
B) 10,2°
C) 6,8°
D) 6,5°
The convergency of meridians:
A) Is the distance between the meridians in degrees, minutes, and seconds.
B) Is greater using rhumb line track than using great circle.
C) Is the angular difference between the meridians.
D) Is independent of latitude and longitude.
The maximum difference between geocentric and geodetic latitude occurs at about:
A) 90° North and South.
B) 60° North and South.
C) 45° North and South.
D) 0° North and South (equator).
The poles on the surface of the earth may be defined as:
A) The points at which the vertical lines runs through the centre of the earth.
B) The points where the earths axis of rotation cuts the surface of the earth.
C) The points from where the distance to the equator is equal.
D) The points on the surface of the earth where all meridians intersect at
right angles.
What is the UTC time of sunrise in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (49N 123 30 W) on the 6th December?
A) 1552 UTC
B) 0724 UTC
C) 0738 UTC
D) 2324 UTC
What is the convergency at 5000N between the meridians 10500W and 14500W on the earth?
A) 40,0°
B) 50,0°
C) 30,6°
D) 32,1°
Parallels of latitude, except the equator are:
A) Rhumb lines.
B) Great circles.
C) are neither Rhumb lines nor Great circles.
D) both Rhumb lines and Great circles.
What is the highest latitude on the Earth at which the Sun can be vertically overhead?
A) 90 deg.
B) 66 deg.
C) 45 deg.
D) 23 deg.
What is the approximate latitude of the Antarctic Circle?
A) 23° S.
B) 66° S.
C) 66° N.
D) 23° N.
A great circle track joins position A (59° S 141° W) and B (61° S 148° W). What is the difference between the great circle
track at A and B?
A) It increases by 3° .
B) It decreases by 3° .
C) It increases by 6° .
D) It decreases by 6° .
If an aeroplane was to circle around the Earth following parallel 60° N at a ground speed of 480 kt. In order to circle
around the Earth along the equator in the same amount of time, it should fly at a ground speed of:
A) 240 kt.
B) 480 kt.
C) 550 kt.
D) 960 kt.
In which two months of the year is the difference between the transit of the Apparent Sun and Mean Sun across the
Greenwich Meridian the greatest?
A) April and August.
B) March and September.
C) June and December.
D) February and November.
A correct definition of longitude is:
A) The arc at equator between the Greenwich meridian and the meridian of
the place, measured in degrees, minutes and seconds, named East or
West.
B) The East-West distance between Greenwich and the place.
C) The angle between the Greenwich meridian and the meridian of the place.
D) The difference between the Greenwich meridian and the meridian of the
place, measured at the centre of the earth.
The diameter of the Earth is approximately:
A) 40 000 km.
B) 18 500 km.
C) 12 700 km.
D) 6 350 km.

21. The circumference of the parallel of latitude at 60° N is approximately:

A) 10 800 NM.
B) 18 706 NM.
C) 20 000 NM.
D) 34 641 NM.
A Parallel of Latitude is a:
A) Small circle.
B) Rhumb line.
C) Meridian of tangency.
D) Great circle.
An approximate equation for calculating the convergency between two meridians is:
A) Convergency=60 x dlong x cos. lat.
B) Convergency= dlong x sin mean lat.
C) Convergency= dlat x sin mean long
D) Convergency= dlong x cos. lat.
Given: value for the ellipticity of the Earth is 1/297. Earths semi-major axis, as measured at the equator, equals 6378.4
km. What is the semi-minor axis (km) of the earth at the axis of the Poles?
A) 6 367.0
B) 6 399.9
C) 6 356.9
D) 6 378.4
The suns declination is on a particular day 12.00 S. Midnight sun may this day be observed:
A) South of 7800S.
B) North of 7800S.
C) At 7800S only.
D) North of 7800N.
The angle between the plane of the Equator and the plane of the Ecliptic is:
A) 25.3 deg.
B) 65.6 deg.
C) 66.5 deg.
D) 23.5 deg.
Consider the following statements on longitude.
A) Longitude is stated in degrees up to 360º .
B) The largest value of longitude is 180º .
C) The largest value of change of longitude is 90º .
D) The value of longitude will never exceed 90º .
The term Ellipsoid may be used to describe:
A) the shape of the ecliptic.
B) a great circle on the celestial sphere.
C) the movement of the earth around the sun.
D) the shape of the earth.
A small circle:
A) has a plane parallel to the earths axis of rotation.
B) has a plane that do not pass through the centre of the earth.
C) will also be a rhumb line.
D) will always cross equator.
At what latitude does the maximum difference between geodetic and geocentric latitude occur?
A) 45 deg.
B) 0 deg.
C) 60 deg.
D) 90 deg.
A Rhumb Line is:
A) always a great circle.
B) a line that crosses meridians at a constant angle.
C) a line that crosses lines of latitude at a constant angle.
D) a line that crosses the equator at a constant angle.
When the suns declination is northerly:
A) the sunrise occurs earlier at southern latitudes than the northern
latitudes.
B) the daylight period is shorter in the southern hemisphere than the
northern.
C) midnight sun may be observed at the south pole.
D) it is winter on the northern hemisphere.
The shortest distance between 2 point of the surface of the earth is:
A) half the rhumb line distance.
B) Rhumb line.
C) a great circle
D) the arc of a great circle
Consider the following statements on the properties of a great circle:
A) The great circle running through two positions on the surface of the
earth, is the shortest distance between these two positions.
B) The great circle will maintain their initial true direction.
C) All 3 answers are correct.
D) The parallels of latitudes are all great circles.
The earth may be referred to as:
A) round.
B) an oblate spheroid.
C) elliptical
D) a globe.
How many nm are equivalent to 1° of arc of latitude:
A) 600 nm
B) 15 nm
C) 60 nm
D) 1 nm
At what approximate latitude is the length of one minute of arc along a meridian equal to one NM (1852 m) correct?
A) 0°
B) 30°
C) 90°
D) 45°
Position A is at latitude 33º 45N and position B is at latitude 14º 25N. What is the change in latitude between A and B?
A) 19º 20
B) 48º 10
C) 76º 15
D) 23º 45
If an aircraft flew around the world at latitude 60° N it would cover a distance of:
A) 21,600 nm.
B) 10,800 nm.
C) 18,700 nm.
D) 5,400 nm.
The prime meridian is:
A) the meridian 180 (E/W).
B) the mid meridian on a chart.
C) the meridian running through Greenwich, England.
D) the meridian having the highest value of longitude.

21. The equator is located:

A) on the surface of the earth and at right angles to the axis of rotation.
B) on the surface as a small circle, horizontal to the axis of rotation.
C) on the surface parallel to the magnetic equator.
D) on the surface of the earth, being a circle whose plane is perpendicular to
the axis of the earth and cutting through the centre of the earth.
An arc of 1 minute of a meridian equals:
A) 10 kilometres.
B) 1 kilometre.
C) 1 nautical mile.
D) 1 statute mile.
Consider the following statements on meridians:
A) The meridians are parallel only at equator.
B) Any two halves great circle will form a meridians.
C) The meridians are not of equal length.
D) Any two meridians will form a great circle.
An aircraft is flying around the Earth eastwards along the 60N parallel of latitude at a groundspeed of 240 knots.
At what groundspeed would another aircraft have to fly eastwards along the Equator to fly once round the Earth in the
same journey time?
A) 240 knots.
B) 480 knots.
C) 120 knots.
D) 600 knots.
Radio bearings:
A) are Great circles.
B) cut all meridians at the same angle.
C) are lines of fixed direction.
D) are Rhumb lines.
The inclination of the earths axis of rotation with the plane of the ecliptic:
A) is causing the seasons, summer and winter.
B) is stable throughout the year.
C) All 3 answers are correct.
D) is causing the variation of length of the daylight during a year.
Using latitude and longitude for a place:
A) The location on the earths surface of this place is defined.
B) The distance from this place to another play may be easily calculated.
C) Relative directions to another place may easily be calculated.
D) The direction from the place to any other place may be easily calculated.
The highest value of longitude is found:
A) At Greenwich anti meridian.
B) Close to the poles.
C) Close to the prime meridian.
D) Along equator.
An aircraft at latitude 02° 20N tracks 180° (T) for 685 km. On completion of the flight the latitude will be:
A) 09° 05S.
B) 04° 30S.
C) 03° 50S.
D) 04° 10S.
Consider the following statements on the shape of the earth:
A) The longest diameter is between the poles.
B) The diameter at the equator is about 60 NM longer than the diameter
between the poles.
C) It is slightly flattened at the poles.
D) The diameters of the earth is the same at all latitudes.
What is the standard formula for convergency?
A) Convergency=dlat x cos mean latitude.
B) Convergency=dlat x sin mean latitude.
C) Convergency=dlong x sin mean latitude.
D) Convergency=dlong x cos mean latitude.
Generally what line lies closer to the pole?
A) Equator.
B) Rhumb line.
C) Great line.
D) The rhumb line or great circle depending on the chart used.
The latitude where the value of convergency is half the value of convergency at 60° N is:
A) 30° 00 N
B) 25° 39 N
C) 90° 00 N
D) 27° 52 N
Given: The coordinates of the heliport at Issy les Moulineaux are: N48° 50 E002° 16.5 The coordinates of the antipodes
are:
A) S41° 10 E177° 43.5.
B) S48° 50 E177° 43.5.
C) S41° 10 W177° 43.5.
D) S48° 50 W177° 43.5.
The suns moves from East to West at a speed of 15° longitude an hour. What ground speed will give you the opportunity
to observe the sun due south at all times at 6000N?
A) 300 Kt.
B) 780 Kt.
C) 450 Kt.
D) 520 Kt.
A great circle is defined as:
A) A circle on the surface of a sphere, whose plane is cutting through the
centre of the sphere.
B) A circle running on the outside of the sphere.
C) A circle in any plane on the surface of a sphere.
D) A circle on the surface of the sphere, with its plane running perpendicular
to the axis of rotation.
If you want to follow a constant true track value:
A) You, in most cases, will also fly the shortest possible track.
B) You must fly a rhumb line.
C) You must fly a great circle.
D) You must fly east/west or North/south.
The circumference of the Earth is approximately:
A) 43200 nm.
B) 21600 nm.
C) 5400 nm.
D) 10800 nm.
Which of the following statements concerning the earths magnetic field is completely correct?
A) At the earths magnetic equator, the inclination varies depending on
whether the geographic equator is north or south of the magnetic
equator.
B) Dip is the angle between total magnetic field and vertical field
component.
C) The blue pole of the earths magnetic field is situated in North Canada.
D) The earths magnetic field can be classified as transient semi-permanent
or permanent.
An aircraft flies the following rhumb line tracks and distances from position 04° 00N 030° 00W: 600 NM South, then 600
NM East, then 600 NM North, then 600 NM West. The final position of the aircraft is:
A) 04° 00N 029° 58W
B) 03° 58N 030° 02W
C) 04° 00N 030° 02W
D) 04° 00N 030° 00W

61. The angle between the plane of the ecliptic and the plane of equator is approximately:
A) 25.3° .
B) 23.5° .
C) 27.5° .
D) 66.5° .
Consider the following statements on meridians:
A) All meridians run in true direction from South to North.
B) On the southern hemisphere the meridians run towards the south pole.
C) The distance, in nautical miles, between two selected meridians will be
constant.
D) The relative direction between two selected meridians will be constant.
Conversion angle is:
A) convergency.
B) 0,5 convergency
C) twice convergency.
D) 4 times convergency.
At what approximate date is the earth closest to the sun (perihelion)?
A) Beginning of January.
B) End of June.
C) Beginning of July.
D) End of March.
What is the angle between the plane of the Ecliptic and the plane of the Equator?
A) 0° .
B) 90° .
C) 23° .
D) 45° .
What is the initial great circle direction from 45° N 14° 12W to 45° N 12° 48E?
A) 270° (M)
B) 86,5° (T)
C) 80,4° (T)
D) 090° (M)
In order to fly from position A (10° 00N, 030° 00W) to position B (30° 00N, 050° 00W), maintaining a constant true
course, it is necessary to fly:
A) a rhumb line track.
B) the constant average drift route.
C) the great-circle route.
D) a straight line plotted on a Lambert chart.
What is a line of equal magnetic variation?
A) An isocline.
B) An isovar.
C) An isogriv.
D) An isogonal.
Given: Great circle from P to Q measured at P=095° Southern hemisphere Conversion angle P - Q =7° What is the rhumb
line track P - Q?
A) 081
B) 102
C) 088
D) 109
The term Aphelion is used to describe:
A) The situation when apparent sun is passing the plane of the Equator.
B) The situation when the distance between the sun and the earth is at its longest.
C) The relationship between the length of the day and the length of the night.
D) The relative position between the earth and the moon.

A line which cuts all meridians at the same angle is called a:

A) Agonic line.
B) Rhumb line.
C) Line of variation.
D) Great circle.

Consider the following statements on departure:

A) As the difference of longitude increases, the departure is constant it the latitude is constant.
B) Departure is independent of difference of longitude.
C) Departure may be calculated using the equation: departure=Sin Lat. x sin Long.
D) As the latitude increases, the departure between two meridians decreases.

A Great Circle is:

A) a straight line joining two points on all charts.
B) a line that defines the shortest distance between two points on the surface of the earth.
C) always a Great Circle on all charts.
D) a line on the surface of the earth which crosses meridians at a constant angle.

As seen from an observer on the surface of the earth:

A) the apparent sun is always in the plane of the ecliptic.
B) the suns position relative to the stars is fixed throughout the year.
C) the stars will seem to move from west to east during a year.
D) the sun is in a fixed position relative to the stars.

The main reason that day and night, throughout the year, have different durations is due to the:
A) earths rotation.
B) relative speed of the sun along the ecliptic.
C) gravitational effect of the Sun and the Moon on the speed of rotation of the Earth.
D) inclination of the ecliptic to the equator.

An RMI indicates aircraft heading. To convert the RMI bearings of NDB’ s and VOR’ s to true bearings the correct
combination for the application of magnetic variation is:
A) NDB: beacon position VOR: aircraft position
B) NDB: beacon position VOR: beacon position
C) NDB: aircraft position VOR: beacon position
D) NDB: aircraft position VOR: aircraft position

An approximate equation for calculation conversion angle is:

A) CA=dlong x sin Lat. x sin Long.
B) CA=0,5 x dlong x sin lat.
C) CA=(dlong-dlat) x 0,5.
D) CA=0,5 x dlat x sin Lat.

The great circle track X - Y measured at x is 319° , and Y 325° Consider the following statements:
A) Northern hemisphere, Rhumb line track is 322° .
B) Southern hemisphere, Rhumb line track is 322° .
C) Southern hemisphere, Rhumb line track is 331° .
D) Northern hemisphere, Rhumb line track is 313° .