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Exp 4

The experiment aims to investigate the conservation of energy in a simple pendulum, demonstrating that the total energy remains constant as kinetic and potential energies transform into one another. It operates under the law of conservation of energy, assuming negligible energy dissipation. The procedure includes measuring the mass, length, and velocities at different points to calculate the energies involved, confirming that total energy is conserved throughout the pendulum's motion.

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29 views2 pages

Exp 4

The experiment aims to investigate the conservation of energy in a simple pendulum, demonstrating that the total energy remains constant as kinetic and potential energies transform into one another. It operates under the law of conservation of energy, assuming negligible energy dissipation. The procedure includes measuring the mass, length, and velocities at different points to calculate the energies involved, confirming that total energy is conserved throughout the pendulum's motion.

Uploaded by

pujar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT- 4

AIM :To investigate whether the energy of a simple pendulum is


conserved.

Level of activity: 8,9,10.

Theory: Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, though it can be


transformed from one form to another, and the sum of all forms of
energies in the universe remains constant (Law of conservation of
energy). In any isolated mechanical system with practically negligible/no
dissipation of energy to overcome viscous drag/air resistance / friction,
(as in case of a pendulum), the sum of the kinetic and potential energies
remains constant. For small angular amplitude (θ ≤ 15°), the pendulum
executes simple harmonic motion (SHM) with insignificant damping, i.e.,
loss of energy. Hence, an oscillating simple pendulum provides a
convenient arrangement to investigate/ validate the law of conservation
of energy for a mechanical system.

Total energy of pendulum is given by,


2
1 x
E= m v +mg
2
2
L

REQUIREMENTS:
A tall laboratory clamp stand with clamps, a split cork, a brick (or
any heavy metallic weight) to be used as bob, strong cotton thread/
string (about 1.5 m to 2.0 m), balance, photo gate,metre scale and graph
paper.
PROCEDURE:
1. Find the mass of the pendulum bob.
2. Determine r and l by metre scale.The length of the pendulum
L = l + r.
3. Take the timer and place it at about the same level as the center of
bob.
4. To measure velocity at three different position mark two points on
both sides of bob from mean position at same distance from center.
5. Measure height of these two point with meter scale for calculating
potential energy.

Observation Table:
Finding potential, kinetic and total energy of the oscillating bob :
Effective length of pendulum L=……..

Sl.n Velocity (m/s) 2


x (m) Kinetic Potential Total
o L energy energy energy=
K.E+P.E
1.
2.
3.

Result:
The total energy, as the sum of kinetic and potential energies, of the
bob of the simple pendulum is conserved (remains the same) at all the
points along its path.

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