Prepared by:

Dr. Deepak Kumar Panda

 ARDUINO FUNDAMENTALS

Getting Started
Before you can start working with Arduino, you need to make
sure you have the IDE software installed on your
computer. This program allows you to write, view and upload
the code to your Arduino Uno board. You can download the
IDE for free on Arduino’s website.
→ https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software
Once the IDE is installed, you will need to connect your Arduino
to your computer. To do this, plug one end of the USB cable to
the Arduino Uno and then the other end of the USB to your
computer’s USB port.
Select the Board
Once the board is plugged in, you will need to open the IDE
and click on Tools > Board > Arduino Uno to select the board.

Select Serial Port

Next, you have to tell the Arduino which port you are using on
your computer. To select the port, go to Tools > Port and then
select the port that says Arduino.
 Test Arduino

The first project is one of the most basic and simple circuits you
can create with Arduino. This project will test your Arduino by
blinking an LED that is connected directly to the board.

Parts Needed
• (1) Arduino Uno
• (1) USB A-to-B Cable
• (1) LED 5mm
• (1) 220 Ω Resistor

Project Steps
1. Twist a 220 Ω resistor to the long leg (+) of the LED.
2. Push the short leg of the LED into the ground (GND) pin on the
board.
3. Push the resistor leg that’s connected to the LED into the #13
pin.

Project diagram
Project Code
1. Connect the Arduino board to your computer using the USB
cable.
2. Type the below code
3. Select the board and serial port as outlined in earlier section.
4. Click upload button to send sketch to the Arduino.

CODE
 Blink an LED

This project is identical to project done before except that we

will be building it on a breadboard. Once complete, the LED
should turn on for a second and then off for a second in a loop.

Parts Needed
• (1) Arduino Uno
• (1) USB A-to-B Cable
• (1) Breadboard – Half Size
• (1) LED 5mm
• (1) 220 Ω Resistor------------
• (2) Jumper Wires ------------- 2 No’s

Project Diagram
Project Code
1. Connect the Arduino board to your computer using the USB
cable.
2. Type the below code
3. Select the board and serial port as outlined in earlier section.
4. Click upload button to send sketch to the Arduino.

CODE
 Push Button

Using a push button switch, you will be able to turn on and off
an LED.

Parts Needed
• (1) Arduino Uno
• (1) USB A-to-B Cable
• (1) Breadboard – Half Size
• (1) LED 5mm
• (1) 220 Ω Resistor
• (1) 10K Ω Resistor
• (1) Push Button Switch
• (6) Jumper Wires
•

Project Diagram
Project Code
1. Connect the Arduino board to your computer using the USB
cable.
2. Type the code below
3. Select the board and serial port as outlined in earlier section.
4. Click upload button to send sketch to the Arduino.

CODE
 Potentiometer

Using a potentiometer, you will be able to control the resistance

of an LED. Turning the knob will increase and decrease the
frequency the LED blinks.

Parts Needed
• (1) Arduino Uno
• (1) USB A-to-B Cable
• (1) Breadboard – Half Size
• (1) LED 5mm
• (1) 220 Ω Resistor
• (1) Potentiometer (10k Trim pot)
• (6) Jumper Wires

Project Diagram
 Project Code
1. Connect the Arduino board to your computer using the USB
cable.
2. Type the code given below
3. Select the board and serial port as outlined in earlier section.
4. Click upload button to send sketch to the Arduino.

CODE
 Fade an LED

By using a PWM pin on the Arduino, you will be able to

increase and decrease the intensity of brightness of an LED.

Parts Needed
• (1) Arduino Uno
• (1) USB A-to-B Cable
• (1) Breadboard – Half Size
• (1) LED 5mm
• (1) 220 Ω Resistor
• (2) Jumper Wires

Project Diagram
Project Code
1. Connect the Arduino board to your computer using the USB
cable.
2. Type the code below
3. Select the board and serial port as outlined in earlier section.
4. Click upload button to send sketch to the Arduino.

CODE
 Scrolling LED

This project will blink 6 LEDs, one at a time, in a back and forth
formation. This type of circuit was made famous by the show
Knight Rider which featured a car with looping LEDs.

Parts Needed
• (1) Arduino Uno
• (1) USB A-to-B Cable
• (1) Breadboard – Half Size
• (6) LED 5mm
• (6) 220 Ω Resistor
• (7) Jumper Wires

Project Diagram
Project Code
1. Connect the Arduino board to your computer using the USB
cable.
2. Type the code below
3. Select the board and serial port as outlined in earlier section.
4. Click upload button to send sketch to the Arduino.

CODE
 Bar Graph
Using a potentiometer, you can control a series of LEDs in a
row. Turning the potentiometer knob will turn on or off more of
the LEDs.

Parts Needed
• (1) Arduino Uno
• (1) USB A-to-B Cable
• (1) Breadboard – Half Size
• (1) Potentiometer – Rotary
• (10) LED 5mm
• (10) 220 Ω Resistor
• (11) Jumper Wires

Project Diagram
Project Code
1. Connect the Arduino board to your computer using the USB
cable.
2. Type the code below
3. Select the board and serial port as outlined in earlier section.
4. Click upload button to send sketch to the Arduino.

CODE
 Multiple LEDs
This project will use 8 pins on the Arduino board to blink 8
LEDs at the same time.

Parts Needed
• (1) Arduino Uno
• (1) USB A-to-B Cable
• (1) Breadboard – Half Size
• (8) LED 5mm
• (8) 330 Ω Resistor
• (9) Jumper Wires

Project Diagram
Project Code
1. Connect the Arduino board to your computer using the USB
cable.
2. Type the code below
3. Select the board and serial port as outlined in earlier section.
4. Click upload button to send sketch to the Arduino.

CODE
 RGB LED
This project will be using an RGB LED to scroll through a
variety of colors. RGB stands for Red, Green and Blue and this
LED has the ability to create nearly unlimited color
combinations.

Parts Needed
• (1) Arduino Uno
• (1) USB A-to-B Cable
• (1) Breadboard – Half Size
• (1) RGB LED
• (3) 330 Ω Resistor
• (5) Jumper Wires
•

Project Diagram
Project Code
1. Connect the Arduino board to your computer using the USB
cable.
2. Type the code below
3. Select the board and serial port as outlined in earlier section.
4. Click upload button to send sketch to the Arduino.

CODE
from 0 to 767
 Photoresistor
A photoresistor changes the resistance a circuit gets based on
the amount of light that hits the sensor. In this project, the
brightness of the LED will increase and decrease based on the
amount of light present.

Parts Needed
• (1) Arduino Uno
• (1) USB A-to-B Cable
• (1) Breadboard – Half Size
• (1) LED 5mm
• (1) 330 Ω Resistor
• (1) 10K Ω Resistor
• (1) Photoresistor
• (6) Jumper Wires

Project Diagram
Project Code
1. Connect the Arduino board to your computer using the USB
cable.
2. Type the code below
3. Select the board and serial port as outlined in earlier section.
4. Click upload button to send sketch to the Arduino.

CODE
 Temp. Sensor

A temperature sensor measures ambient temperatures of the

world around it. In this project, we will be displaying the
temperature in the serial monitor of the Arduino IDE.

Parts Needed
• (1) Arduino Uno
• (1) USB A-to-B Cable
• (1) Breadboard – Half Size
• (1) Temperature Sensor – TMP36
• (5) Jumper Wires

Project Diagram
Project Code
1. Connect the Arduino board to your computer using the USB
cable.
2. Type the code below
3. Select the board and serial port as outlined in earlier section.
4. Click upload button to send sketch to the Arduino.

CODE

TO BE CONTINIUED …….
 Tone Melody
The project will use a piezo buzzer/speaker to play a little
melody.

Parts Needed
• (1) Arduino Uno
• (1) USB A-to-B Cable
• (1) Breadboard – Half Size
• (1) Piezo Buzzer/Speaker
• (2) Jumper Wires
•

Project Diagram
Project Code
1. Connect the Arduino board to your computer using the USB
cable.
2. Type the code below
3. Select the board and serial port as outlined in earlier section.
4. Click upload button to send sketch to the Arduino.

Code
 Servo

In this project, you will be able to sweep a servo back and forth
through its full range of motion.

Parts Needed
• (1) Arduino Uno
• (1) USB A-to-B Cable
• (1) Breadboard – Half Size
• (1) Servo
• (6) Jumper Wires
Project Diagram
Project Code
1. Connect the Arduino board to your computer using the USB
cable.
2. Type the code below
3. Select the board and serial port as outlined in earlier section.
4. Click upload button to send sketch to the Arduino.

CODE
 Motor
Using a switching transistor, we will be able to control a DC
motor. If everything is connected correctly, you should see the
motor spinning.

Parts Needed
• (1) Arduino Uno
• (1) USB A-to-B Cable
• (1) Breadboard – Half Size
• (1) DC Motor
• (1) 330 Ω Resistor
• (1) Diode 1N4148
• (1) NPN Transistor
• (6) Jumper Wires

Project Diagram
Project Code
1. Connect the Arduino board to your computer using the USB
cable.
2. Type the code below
3. Select the board and serial port as outlined in earlier section.
4. Click upload button to send sketch to the Arduino.

CODE

To be continued ….
 LCD Screen
An LCD is a liquid crystal display that is able to display text on
its screen. In this project, you should see the words
“hello,world!” displayed on the screen. The potentiometer is
used to adjust the contrast of the display.

Parts Needed
• (1) Arduino Uno
• (1) USB A-to-B Cable
• (1) Breadboard – Half Size
• (1) LCD Screen
• (1) Potentiometer
• (16) Jumper Wires

Project Diagram
Project Code
1. Connect the Arduino board to your computer using the USB
cable.
2. Type the code below
3. Select the board and serial port as outlined in earlier section.
4. Click upload button to send sketch to the Arduino.

CODE