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5.4-Classification-of-ipv4

An IP address is a unique 32-bit identifier used to reach specific hosts, formatted in either dotted decimal or hexadecimal notation. IP addresses are categorized into five classes (A, B, C, D, E), each with designated ranges and purposes, such as Class A for large networks and Class D for multicasting. The structure of an IP address includes a network ID and a host ID, with the number of bits allocated to each varying by class.

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5 views

5.4-Classification-of-ipv4

An IP address is a unique 32-bit identifier used to reach specific hosts, formatted in either dotted decimal or hexadecimal notation. IP addresses are categorized into five classes (A, B, C, D, E), each with designated ranges and purposes, such as Class A for large networks and Class D for multicasting. The structure of an IP address includes a network ID and a host ID, with the number of bits allocated to each varying by class.

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mrnirajbro
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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An IP address is an address having information about how to reach a specific host,

especially outside the LAN. An IP address is a 32-bit unique address having an


address space of 232.
Generally, there are two notations in which the IP address is written, dotted decimal
notation and hexadecimal notation.
Dotted Decimal Notation

Dotted Decimal Notation

Hexadecimal Notation

Some points to be noted about dotted decimal notation:


1. The value of any segment (byte) is between 0 and 255 (both included).
2. No zeroes are preceding the value in any segment (054 is wrong, 54 is
correct).
Classful Addressing
The 32-bit IP address is divided into five sub-classes. These are:
 Class A
 Class B
 Class C
 Class D
 Class E
Each of these classes has a valid range of IP addresses. Classes D and E are reserved
for multicast and experimental purposes respectively. The order of bits in the first
octet determines the classes of the IP address.
The IPv4 address is divided into two parts:
 Network ID
 Host ID
The class of IP address is used to determine the bits used for network ID and host
ID and the number of total networks and hosts possible in that particular class. Each
ISP or network administrator assigns an IP address to each device that is connected
to its network.

Classful Addressing

Class A
IP addresses belonging to class A are assigned to the networks that contain a large
number of hosts.
 The network ID is 8 bits long.
 The host ID is 24 bits long.
The higher-order bit of the first octet in class A is always set to 0. The remaining 7
bits in the first octet are used to determine network ID. The 24 bits of host ID are
used to determine the host in any network. The default subnet mask for Class A is
255.x.x.x. Therefore, class A has a total of:
 2^24 – 2 = 16,777,214 host ID
IP addresses belonging to class A ranges from 1.0.0.0 – 126.255.255.255.
Class A

Class B
IP address belonging to class B is assigned to networks that range from medium-sized
to large-sized networks.
 The network ID is 16 bits long.
 The host ID is 16 bits long.
The higher-order bits of the first octet of IP addresses of class B are always set to
10. The remaining 14 bits are used to determine the network ID. The 16 bits of
host ID are used to determine the host in any network. The default subnet mask for
class B is 255.255.x.x. Class B has a total of:
 2^14 = 16384 network address
 2^16 – 2 = 65534 host address
IP addresses belonging to class B ranges from 128.0.0.0 – 191.255.255.255.

Class B

Class C
IP addresses belonging to class C are assigned to small-sized networks.
 The network ID is 24 bits long.
 The host ID is 8 bits long.
The higher-order bits of the first octet of IP addresses of class C is always set to
110. The remaining 21 bits are used to determine the network ID. The 8 bits of
host ID are used to determine the host in any network. The default subnet mask for
class C is 255.255.255.x. Class C has a total of:
 2^21 = 2097152 network address
 2^8 – 2 = 254 host address
IP addresses belonging to class C range from 192.0.0.0 – 223.255.255.255.
Class C

Class D
IP address belonging to class D is reserved for multi-casting. The higher-order bits
of the first octet of IP addresses belonging to class D is always set to 1110. The
remaining bits are for the address that interested hosts recognize.
Class D does not possess any subnet mask. IP addresses belonging to class D range
from 224.0.0.0 – 239.255.255.255.

Class D

Class E
IP addresses belonging to class E are reserved for experimental and research
purposes. IP addresses of class E range from 240.0.0.0 – 255.255.255.254. This
class doesn’t have any subnet mask. The higher-order bits of the first octet of class
E are always set to 1111.

Class E
Summary of Classification ip Addressing

* In the above table No. of networks for class A should be 127. (Network ID
with all 0 s is not considered)

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