Column Design Calculation

ACI 318-14

250 mm

350 mm

Dimension Reinforcements
Column Type = Rectangular Concrete cover, CC = 40 mm
Depth, H = 350 mm No. Rebars in X-Dir = 3 lines
Width, B = 250 mm No. Rebars in Y-Dir = 3 lines
Length, Ln = 2850 mm Main Bar Diam. = 16 mm
Corner Bar Diam. = 16 mm
Material properties Shear Bar Diam. = 10 mm
Concrete, F'c = 21 MPa No. Tie Leg in X-Dir = 2 pcs
Main Reinf., Fy = 275 MPa No. Tie Leg in Y-Dir = 2 pcs
Shear Reinf., Fys = 275 MPa Tie Spacing = 150 mm

I. Column Loads
Forces at Bottom End
Pu = 161.79 kN Pz = -
Vux = 2.94 kN 153.56
Vuy = 7.37 kN kN

Mux = 6.75 kNm

Muy = 3.17 kNm
Mx =
My = 5.2 14.25
Forces at Bottom End kNm
Z kNm
Pu = -153.56 kN
Vux = -2.94 kN Y
Vuy = -7.37 kN 2.85m X
Mux = 14.25 kNm
Muy = 5.2 kNm

Sign Convention:
The program uses the Right-
Hand Rule sign convention.

My = Pz = Mx =
3.17 161.79 6.75
kNm kN kNm
II. Interaction Surface
Interaction surfaces are created using the following boundary conditions
1) Strain in concrete and reinforcement is assumed proportional to the distance from neutral axis.
ACI 318-14/ 22.2.1.2.
2) Maximum strain at the extreme concrete compression fiber is assumed equal to 0.003.
ACI 318-14/ 22.2.2.1.
3) Tensile strength of concrete is neglected in flexural and axial strength calculations.
ACI 318-14/ 22.2.2.2.
4) Concrete stress of 0.85fc′ is assumed uniformly distributed over an equivalent compression
zone bounded by edges of the cross section and a line parallel to the neutral axis located a
distance "a" from the fiber of maximum compressive strain, as calculated by: a = βc
β = 0.85 – 0.05 * (f’c - 4) and 0.65 <= β <= 0.85, f’c in ksi
ACI 318-14/ 22.2.2.4.1.
5) Distance from the fiber of maximum compressive strain to the neutral axis, c, is measured
perpendicular to the neutral axis.
ACI 318-14/ 22.2.2.4.2.
6) Modulus of elasticity, Es, is taken as 29,000 ksi (200 GPa).
ACI 318-14/ 20.2.2.2.

Design strength calculation

Design strength according to ACI 318-14 is obtained by multiplying P n, Mnx and Mny of each
biaxial angle by applying strength reduction factor Φ determined as follows:
Φc = 0.65, α = 0.80 for tied confinement
Φc = 0.75, α = 0.85 for spiral confinement
Ultimate Strength of the column
ΦPn = Φc * α * [ 0.85 * fc’ * (Ag – As) + fy * As]

Generated Interaction Diagram considering the conditions above

My

Mx

Program generated Column Interaction Surface

III. Slenderness Effect

 Slenderness effects is permitted to be neglected if (a) or (b) is satisfied:
a) For columns not braced against sidesway (Sway Frames)
k lu
≤22
r
b) For columns braced against sidesway (Nonsway Frames)

k lu
≤34 +12
( )M1
M2
∧k l u
≤ 40
r r
Where:
k = effective length factor
Lu = unbraced length
r = radius of gyration taken as (Ig/Ag)^0.5

Calculation of Effective length factor K

The effective length factor, k, maybe calculated using alignment charts provided by ACI 318-14
Figure R6.2.5. However, this program calculates the values of k using the following alternative
equations:
a) For columns not braced against sidesway (Sway Frames)

b)
k=
√ 1.6 Ψ 1 Ψ 2 +4.0 ( Ψ 1+Ψ 2 )+ 7.5
Ψ 1 +Ψ 2 +7.5
For columns braced against sidesway (Nonsway Frames)
3 Ψ 1 Ψ 2 +1.4 ( Ψ 1+Ψ 2 )+ 0.64
k=
3 Ψ 1 Ψ 2+2.0 ( Ψ 1+Ψ 2 ) +1.28
Where:
k = effective length factor
Ψ1 = ratio of ∑(EI/Lc) of columns to ∑(EI/Lc) of beams in a plane at top end of the
column
Ψ2 = ratio of ∑(EI/Lc) of columns to ∑(EI/Lc) of beams in a plane at bottom end of
the column
Column Frame Type: Nonsway Frames

Beams
Location Plane
Beam h b L Mod Inertia, I EI/Lc ∑(EI/Lc)
B1 600 300 6000 0.35 1890000000 7834069632
X-Z 15668139264
Top B2 600 300 6000 0.35 1890000000 7834069632
End B3 600 300 6000 0.35 1890000000 7834069632
Y-Z 15668139264
B4 600 300 6000 0.35 1890000000 7834069632
B1 600 300 6000 0.35 1890000000 7834069632
X-Z 15668139264
Bottom B2 600 300 6000 0.35 1890000000 7834069632
End B3 600 300 6000 0.35 1890000000 7834069632
Y-Z 15668139264
B4 600 300 6000 0.35 1890000000 7834069632
 Columns
Location Plane
Col h b L Mod Inertia, I EI/Lc ∑(EI/Lc)
Above 500 500 3500 0.7 3645833333 2.2436E+10
X-Z 24846361961
Top Mid 250 350 2850 0.7 319010417 2410835121
End Above 500 500 3500 0.7 3645833333 2.2436E+10
Y-Z 27160763677
Mid 350 250 2850 0.7 625260417 4725236837
Mid 250 350 2850 0.7 319010417 2410835121
X-Z 54760397747
Bottom Below 500 500 1500 0.7 3645833333 5.235E+10
End Mid 350 250 2850 0.7 625260417 4725236837
Y-Z 57074799463
Below 500 500 1500 0.7 3645833333 5.235E+10

Calculated Values of Ψ1 & Ψ2

Column ∑(EI/Lc) Ratio of ∑(EI/Lc)
Plane
Ends Column Beam Ψ Ratio
Top 24846361961 15668139264 Ψ1 1.59
X-Z
Bottom 54760397747 15668139264 Ψ2 3.5
Top 27160763677 15668139264 Ψ1 1.73
Y-Z
Bottom 57074799463 15668139264 Ψ2 3.64

Effective Length Factor K

Slenderness Ratio

Consider Slenderness?

IV. Moment Magnification Factor

Magnification factor δ shall be calculated by:
Cm
δ= ≥ 1.0
Pu
1−
0.75 Pc
Where:
Cm = moment correction factor
Pu = factored axial load
Pc = critical buckling load

Moment Correction Factor, Cm

For columns without transverse loads applied between supports

C m=0.6−0.4
( )
M1
M2
Where:
M1 = lesser factored end moment on a compression member
M2 = greater factored end moment on a compression member

Calculated values of Cm
 Buckling End Moments
M1/M2 Curvature Cm
Direction M1 M2
X 3.17 5.2 0.610 Double 0.36
Y 6.75 14.25 0.474 Double 0.41

Critical Buckling Load, Pc

The critical buckling load Pc is calculated by:
2
π ( EI )eff
Pc = 2
( k lu )
Where:
EIeff = effective flexural stiffness
k = effective length factor
lu = column unbraced length

Effective flexural stiffness, EIeff

0.4 E c I g
( EI )eff =
1+ β dns
Where:
Ec = concrete elastic modulus
Ig = gross moment of inertia
βdns = ratio of maximum factored sustained axial load to maximum factored axial
load associated with the same load combination

Calculated values of effective flexural stiffness, EIeff

Calculated values of Critical buckling load, Pc

Magnification Factor, δ
Buckling Pu Pc
Cm δ
Direction (kN) (kN)
X 0.36 161.79 3939 1
Y 0.41 161.79 7547 1
V. Magnified Moments
General formulas for calculating magnified moments due to P-δ
M c =δM
Where:
δ = moment magnification factors
M = column end moments from analysis

Moment M shall be at least;

M min =Pu ( e min )
M min =Pu ( 0.01524+0.03 h )
Where:
Pu = column end axial forces from analysis
h = column dimension in the direction of consideration
emin = 0.01524+0.03h

Check minimum eccentricity, emin

Magnified Moments

VI. Demand Capacity ratio

Capacity Check:
Axial Force
Location Pu (kN) Mx (kNm) My (kNm) DCR Status
Nature
Top Compression -153.56 14.25 5.20 0.252 OK
Bottom Compression -161.79 -6.75 -3.17 0.176 OK

Force Plot in 3D Interaction Diagram

 P

DCR = 0.252
My

Mx

Force Plot in 2D Interaction Diagram

1,200

1,000

800

600
P (kN)

400

DCR = 0.252
200

(15 , 154)
0

-200

-400

-600
0 20 40 60 80
M (kNm)
VII. Shear Design

Concrete section shear capacity, Vc

For nonprestressed members with axial compression, Vc is calculated by:

V c =0.17 1+
( Nu
14 A g )
λ √ f ' c bw d

Where:
Nu = compressive force (positive)
Ag = gross sectional area
λ = concrete factor, 1.0 for normal weight concrete
f'c = concrete compressive strength
bw = section width in the direction of consideration
d = section effective depth in the direction of consideration

For nonprestressed members with significant axial tension, Vc is calculated by:

V c =0.17 1+
( Nu
3.5 A g )
λ √ f ' c bw d

Where:
Nu = tensile force (negative)

Calculated values:
Shear Nu Ag sqrt(f'c) bw d Vc
λ
Direction (kN) (mm )
2
(MPa) (mm) (mm) (kN)
X 161.79 87500 1 4.58 350 192 59.27
Y 161.79 87500 1 4.58 250 292 64.38

Reinforcement shear Capacity, Vs

Reinforcement shear capacity is calculated by:
A v f yt d
V s=
s
Where:
Av = effective area of all bar legs or wires within spacing s. For each circular tie or spiral,
Av shall be two times the area of the bar or wire within spacing s.
fyt = shear reinforcement yield strength
d = effective depth
s = spiral pitch or the longitudinal spacing of the shear reinforcement

Calculated values:
Shear Av Fyt d s Vs
Direction (kN) (MPa) (mm) (mm) (kN)
X 157 275 192 150 55.29
Y 157 275 292 150 84.09

Nominal one-way shear strength of the section, Vn

Vn is calculated by:
V n=V c +V s
Where:
Vc = nominal concrete shear capacity
Vs = nominal reinforcement shear capacity
 Calculated values:

Capacity Check:
Shear φVn Vu ma x
φ Remarks DCR Status
Direction (kN) (kN)
X 0.75 85.92 2.94 φVn >= Vu 0.034 OK
Y 0.75 111.35 7.37 φVn >= Vu 0.066 OK

Cross-Sectional Dimension Check

Cross-sectional dimensions shall be selected to satisfy following equation;
V u ≤ ϕ ( V c +0.67 √ f ' c bw d )
Where:
Vc = nominal concrete shear capacity
φ = strength reduction factor for shear
f'c = concrete compressive strength
bw = section width in the direction of consideration
d = section effective depth in the direction of consideration

The limit on cross-sectional dimensions is intended to minimize the likelihood of diagonal compression
failure in the concrete and limit the extent of cracking.

Calculated values:
Shear Vc sqrt(f'c) bw d Limit Vu max
Remarks
Direction (kN) (mPa) (mm) (mm) (kN) (kN)
X 59.27 4.58 350 192 199.2 2.94 OK
Y 64.38 4.58 250 292 216.39 7.37 OK