2023-24 278

| |
1. k 1 5
If ∆k = k2 2n+1 2n+1 nk=1 ∆k is equal to
, then ∑
k3 3n2 3n+1
n n 1 n d) 0
a) 2
∑k b) 2
∑k 2 c) 2 ∑k 2

| |
k=1 k=1 k=1
2. x 2 -1
The solutions of the equation 2 5 x = 0, are
-1 2 x
a) b) c) 3, 1 d)
3, -1 -3, 1 -3, - 1
3.
|
441 442 443
The value of 445 446 447 is
449 450 451
b) 0
| c) d) 1
a) 441×446×4510 -1
4.

a) 1
|
1

α2 1
α α2
If f(α) = α α2 1 , then f(3 3)is equal to
a
b) -4 c) 4 d) 2

| |
5. a p 1
If a, b, c are respectively the pth, qth, rth terms of an AP, then b q 1 is equal to
c r 1
a) 1 b) -1 c) 0 d) pqr

[ ]
6. -1 -2 3
The minors of-4 and 9 and the cofactors of-4 and 9 in matrix -4 -5 -6 are respectively
-7 8 9
a) b) c) d)
42, 3, - 42,3 -42, - 3, 42, - 3 42, 3, - 42, - 3 42, 3, 42, 3

| |
7. If α,β,γ are the cube roots of unity, then the value of
the
2α 3α
determinant ee ee (e (e -1)
α
β 2β 3β
-1) is equal to
γ
e e2γ (e3γ-1)
a) -2 b) -1 c) 0 d) 1

8.
A root of the equation 3-x
-6 3-x 3
3
-6

3
| 3

-6-x
| = 0, is

a) 6 b) 3 c) 0 d) None of these

Page 1
9.
The value of

a) 7
|log3 512 log4 3
log
3
8 log4
9 ×

b) 10
log
3||
log2 3 log8 3
4 log3 4 is
| c) 13 d) 17

10.
a2
| a
The value of the determinant cos (nx) cos (n+1)x
sin (nx) sin (n+1)x
1
|
cos (n+2)x is independent of
sin (n+2)x

11. a) b) a c) x d) None of these

n

| |
x+1 2x+1 3x+1
If x ≠ 0, 2x 4x+3 6x+3 =0, then x + 1 is equal to
4x+4 6x+4 8x+4

12. a) b) 0 c) 2x d) 3x
x

| |
-1 1 1
The value of the determinant 1 -1 1 is equal to
1 1 -1
a) -4 b) 0 c) 1 d) 4
13. If x, y, z are different from zero and

a b c

|
∆ a-x b c-z
a b-y c- + is
a-x b-y c 0, then the value of the expression + y z
x
=

|
z

a) 0 b) -1 c) 1 d) 2

| |
14. p b c
a q c p q r
If a ≠ p,b ≠ q,c ≠ r and = 0, then the value of + +
a b r
p-a q- r-c
b
is
15. a) 0 b) 1 c) -1 d) 2

| |
a a+b a+2b
The value of ∆ = a+2b a a+b is equal to
a+b a+2b a
a) 2 b) 2 c) 2 d)
9a (a + b) 9b (a + b) a (a + b) b2(a + b)
16. π
The value of θ lying between θ = 0 and and satisfying
24

|
2

|
17. 1+sin 2
1+cos2 θ
θ 4sin
the equation 4sin
4θ 4θ is
a) 7π sin2 θ sin θ2
 1+4sin 4θ

| |
co b) 5 a 1 a2 a3
π
2
s 24
θ
11πc) d) π
2 24
If a2 + b2 + c2 = 1(i=1, 2, 3) and a +b + c = 0(i≠j and i, j=1, 2, 3), then the value of b b b
a b c
i i i i j i j i j 1 2 3

c1 c2 c3
is
a) 0 b) 1 c) 1 d) 2
2
18.
If α,β,γ are the cube roots of 8,
then
a) 0 b) 1
| α β γ
β γ α =
γ α β
c) 8 d) 2

| Page 2
 19.
|
1+a
If 1+b
1
1+2b
1
1 | = 0, where a ≠ 0, b ≠ 0, c ≠ 0, then a-1 + b-1 + c-1 is

20. 1+c 1+c 1+3c

a) 4 b) -3 c) -2 d) -1

| |
0 x-a x-b
A root of the equation x+a 0 x-c = 0, is
x+b x+c 0
a) a b) b c) 0 d) 1

21.
|
x 2 3

3 x 2
1 x 4

4 1 x
0 5 x
If 2 3 x = x 4 1 = 5 x
0
| |
= 0, then the value of x values (x∈R):

a) 0 | x 0
5
b) 5 | c)
-5
| d) None of these

| |
ca ca''+c''a c'a' ' ' is equal to
22. bc bc +b c b c
ab ab'+a'b a'b'
(ab
a) - a'b')(bc - b'c')(ca - c'a')
(ab
b) + a'b')(bc + b'c')(ca + c'a')
(ab'
c) - a'b)(bc' - b'c)(ca' - c'a)
(ab'
d) + a'b)(bc' + b'c)(ca' + c'a)
23. If a square matrix A is such that AAT = I = AT A then|A|is equal to

a) 0 b) ±1 c) ±2 d) None of these

24.
1 1
If ∆1 =a b |a
2
1
c
2
b c
2
|
1 bc a
,∆2 = 1 ca b , then
1 ab c
a)
∆
1
+ = 0
∆ | | b) 1 + = 0
2∆2 ∆
c) 1 =
∆2
d) ∆ = 2∆
1 2

|
∆2
25. x y+z
y If = k(x+y+z)(x-z)2, then k is equal to
z+x
|
a) 2xyz
z
x x+y y z
b) 1 c) xyz d) x2y2z2

26. A is a square matrix of order 4 and I is a unit matrix, then it is true that

det b)
a) (2A) = 2det(A) det(2A) = 16det(A)
c) d)
det(-A) = -det(A) det(A+I) = det(A) + I
27. If the matrix Mr is given by
Mr =
r r-1
r-1 r
[ ]
, = 1,2,3,.…,then the value of det (M ) + det (M )+.…+det(M )is
1 2 2008

a) 2007 b) 2008 c) ( d) (
2008) 2007)
2 2
 | |
28. l,m,n are the pth, qth and rth terms of an GP and all
log l p 1
Positive, then log m q 1 equals
log n r 1
a) 3 b) 2 c) 1 d) zero

Page 3
29. 5 10

[
The matrix 3 is a singular matrix, if b is equal to
-2 -4
6

]
-1 -2
b
a) b) 3 c) 0 d)
-3 For any value of b
30. Consider the system of equations
a1 x + b1 y + c1 z = 0
a1 x + b2 y + c2 z = 0

| |
a3 x + b3 y + c3 z = 0
a1 b1 c1
If = 0, then the system
a2 b2 c2
has
a3 b3 c3
a) More than two solutions

b) One trivial and one non-trivial solutions

c) No solution

d) Only trivial solution

|
31. (0,0,0) n n+2 n+3
x x x
If =
n n+2 n+3
(y-z)(z-x)(x-y)
y y y
n n+2 n+3
z z z
( 1 1 1
)
+x +y z, then n is equal to

a) 2 b) -2 c) -1 d) 1

| |
32. a b aα+b
The determinant b c bα+c is equal to zero for all values of α,
if aα+b bα+c 0
a) a,b,c b) c) d) None of these
are in AP a,b,c are in GP a,b,c are in HP
33. The system of
equations kx + y + z
= 1
x + ky + z = k
x + y + kz = k2
have no solution, if k equals
a) 0 b) 1 c) -1 d) -2

| |
34.
a a+b a+b+c
∆ = 3a 4a+3b 5a+4b+3c , where a = i, b = ω, c = ω2, then ∆ is equal to
6a 9a+6b 11a+9b+6c
a) i b) 2 c) ω d) -i
-ω

| |
35. a+b b+c a b c
c+a If b+c c+a = k b c a , then k is equal
a+b c+a a+b to c a b

a) 4
b+c
b) 3 | c) 2 d) 1
 | |
α then
36. α -ββ 0
β α 0is one =0,
0
a) of the cube roots of unity b)
α is one of the cube roots of
unity β

Page 4
 d)
c) β is one of the cube roots of unity αβ is one of the cube roots of unity

| |
37. 1/a bc1
∆ = 1/b 1 ca =
1/c 1 ab
b) c) 1 d) None of these
a) 0 abc
abc
38. Using the factor theorem it is found that a + b, b + c and c + a are three factors of the determinant

|
-2a a+b a+c
b+a -2b b+c
c+a c+b -2c
The other factor in the value of the determinant is

|
a) 4 b) 2 c) a + b + c d) None of these

39.

The arbitrary constant on which the value of the | 1

cos (p-d)a
sin (p-d)a
α α2
cos pa cos (p-d)a does not
sin pa sin (p-d)a
|
determinant depend, is
a) α b) p c) d d) a

| |
40. If ωis imaginary root of unity, then the value of
a bω2 aω
bω c bω2 is
cω2 aω c
a) b) c) 0 d)
a3 + b3 + c3 a2b - b2c a3 + b3 + c3 - 3abc
41. 7 x

4 x
2
|
If ∆1 =-5 x+1 3
7
|
x 2 7
and ∆2 = x+1 3 -5 , then the value of x for which ∆1 + ∆2 = 0,
is x 7 4

| | ||
a) 2 b) 0 c) Any real number d) None of these

|
42. If
∆ x b
= x b b and
∆ = are the given determinants, then
1 a x
baa
2 a x
x

| b) d (∆ d
a) = 3( ∆ )
2
) = 3∆ c) (∆ ) = 2∆ d) ∆ 3/2
∆ = 3∆
1
dx 1 dx 1 2 1 2

| |
2 2

43. cos θ 2
cos θsin θ -sinθ
If f(θ) = cos θsin θ sin2 θ cosθ . Then, for all
θ sin θ -cos θ 0

a) f(θ) = 0 b) f(θ) = 1
c) f(θ) = -1 d) None of these
44.

| |
C1 0
If C = 2cos θ, then the value of the determinant ∆ = 1 C 1 is
6 1 C
2
a) sin 4θ 2sin 2θ c) 2 d) None of these
4cos θ(2cos θ-
sinθ1)
b)
sin θ
45.
If f(x) = |
sin x cos x tan x
x3
2x
x2
1
x
1
, then lim (
x 2
n→0 f ) , is x
a) 3 b) -1 c) 0 d) 1

46. Let [x] represent the greatest integer less than or equal to x, then the value of the determinant

Page 5
 | [e]
[π]
[π2-6]
a) -8
[π]
[π2-6]
[e]
b) 8
[π2-6]
[e]
[π]
c) 10
is

d) None of these

[ ]
47. If A = 3 5 and B = 1 17 ,then |AB| is equal to
[ ]
2 0 0 -10
a) 80 b) 100 c) -110 d) 92

48.
If ∆ = |
1 2
2 5 7
3
and
3 9 13
∆'
=
7 20 29
2 5 7, then
3 9
|
a) '
∆ = 3∆
3
| | 13
b) ∆' =
c)
∆' = ∆
d)
∆' = 2∆

49.
|y2
2xy
x2
x
y
2xy
2

2
y 2

|
2xy is equal to
x2
∆

a) ( b) ( c) d)
x3+y3) x2+y2) -(x2+y2) -(x3+y3)
2 3 3 2

| |
50. In a ∆ ABC, a,b,c are sides and A,B,C are angles opposite to them, then the value of the determinant
a2 bsin A csin A
bsin A 1 cos A , is
csin A cos A 1
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3

| |
2 2
a ca c+a equal to
51. 2 2
b c bc b+c

c 1 (ab + bc +is ca)

a) b)
ab + bc + ca
c) 0 d)
a+b+c
abc

52.
If a-1 + b-1 + c-1 = 0 such that |1+a
1
1
1
1+b
1
1
1
1+c
| = λ then value of λ is

a) 0 b) abc c) -abc d) None of these

53. If a,b,c, are in A.P., then the value

|
of x+1 x+2 x+a
x+2 x+3 x+b , is
x+3 x+4 x+c

|
a) 3 b) -3 c) 0 d) None of these

x-y y-z z-x is equal to

| |
54. a-b b-c
p-q c-a
p-r r-p
a(x+y+z) b) 0
a) + b(p+q+r) + c
c) abc + xyz + ppr d) None of the above
55.
| a-b+c –a-b+c
a+b+2c –a+b+2c
3c 3c
1
2
3
| is

6ab b) c) d)
a) ab 12ab 2ab
Page 6
56.
0 1 -
In the determinant 2
|
, the value of cofactor to its minor of the element -3 is

| ||
-1 0 3
2 -3 0
a) -1 b) 0 c) 1 d) 2

57. If ω is a cube root of unity, then for polynomial

is x+1 ω ω2
ω x+ω2 1
2
ω 1 x+ω
a) 1 b) ω c) ω2 d) 0

58.

If |
x+a
a
a
c b
|
c = 0, then x equals
x+c
x+b
b
a) b) c) d)
a+b+c -(a + b + c) 0, a + b + c 0, - (a + b + c)

| |
59. If a,b,c are the sides of a ∆ABC and A,B,C are respectively the angles opposite to them, then
a2 bsin A csin A
bsin A 1 cos (B-C) equals
csin A cos (B-C) 1
a) b) c) 1 d) 0
sin A-sin Bsin C abc

60.

If D =
r
| 2x
r-1
3y
r-1

2n-1 (3n-1)/2 (4n-1)/3

4z
r-1

| , then the value of ∑n D is equal to

r=1 r

a) 1 b) -1 c) 0 d) None of these

61. If A,B and C are the angles of a triangle and

| 1
1+sin A
2
1
1+sin B
2
1
sin C
0 sin A+sin A sin B+sin B sin C+sin C
then the triangle must be
2
=
|
a) Equilateral b) Isosceles c) Any triangle d) Right angled

A = -sin θ 1 sin θ , where 0 ≤ θ < 2 π. Then, which of the following is not correct?

[ ]
62. 1 sin θ 1
-1 -sin θ 1
Let

b) c) d)
a) Det (A) = 0 Det (A) ∈ ( - ∞,0) Det (A) ∈ [2,4] Det (A) ∈ [ - 2,∞)

| |
loge e 5
64. If a21+ b2 +
5 c2π= -2 and
5
log10 10 5 x
1+a2
(1+b2)x (1+c2)x
63. f(x) = (1+a2)x (1+b2x) (1+c2)x , then f(x) is a polynomial of degree
π
e a) (1+a2)x (1+b2)x (1+c2x)

|
 |
is equal to

b) e
d) 0
a) 2 b) 3 c) 0 d) 1

65. If c < 1 and the system of equations x + y - 1 = 0, 2x - y - c = 0 and - bx + 3by - c =0 is consistent,

then the possible real values of b are
Page 7
 a) b ∈
( )- 3,
3 b) b ∈
( ) 3
- ,4 c) b ∈
( )
3
- ,3
d) None of these

| |
4 4 4
66. 1 1 1
The value (2x+2-x)2 (3x+3-x)2 (5x+5-x)2 is
of
(2x-2-x)2 (3x-3-x)2 (5x-5-x)2
a) 0 b) 30x c) 30-x d) 1

67. If A is an invertible matrix, then det (A-1) is equal to

a) b) 1 c) 1 d) None of these
det b(A)
(A)

|
68. 1+a 1 1
det

If a ≠ 0,b ≠ 0,c ≠ 0, then

| 1
1
1+b
1
1 is equal to
1+c
a)
abc
b) abc
( 1 1 1
1+ + +
a b c
)
c) 0 d) 1 + 1 + 1 + 1

a b c
69.
If f(x) =

|
a -1 0

70.
a) ax
|ax a -1 , then f(2x) - f(x) is equal
to ax2 ax a
b) ax(2a + 3x) c) ax(2 + 3x) d) None of these

| |
-12 0 λ
If 0 2 -1 = -360, then the value of λ is
2 1 15
a) -1 b) -2 c) -3 d) 4

| |
71. If ω is a complex cube root of unity, then
1 ω ω2
ω ω2 1 is equal to
ω2 1
a) -1 ω b) 1 c) 0 d) ω

|
The =
72. C4
10 10 C5 11 Cm
value of 11C6 11C7 12Cm+2 0, when m is equal
12C 12C 13C
to
8 9 m+4

a) 6 b) 5 c) 4 d) 1
73.

| |
1 1 0
If 2 0 3 = 29, then x is
5 -6 x
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

|
cos2 sin22 xx 1 =
74. sin2 xx cos
-10 12 2
a) 0

12cos2
b) x-10sin2 x
 12sin2
c) x-10cos2 x-2
10sin
d) 2x
75. If A and B are square matrices of order 3 such that |A| = -1, |B| = 3 then |3AB| is equal to

Page 8
 a) -9 b) -81 c) -27 d) 81

76. If a,b,c are non-zero real numbers, then the system of equations
(α+a)x + α y + α z = 0
α x + (α+b)y + α z = 0
α x + α y + (α+c)z =
0
has a non-trivial solution, if
α
a) -1 = -(a-1 + b-1 + c-1)
α-1
b) =a+b+c
α
c) +a+b+c=1
d) None of these

77.
a b aα-
The determinant
| b
b c bα-
c
vanishes, if

|
2 1 0
b) α = 1 c) d) Both (b) or ( c)
a) a,b,c are in AP a,b,c are in GP

| |
78. x3 7
If -9 is a root of the equation 2 x 2 2 = 0, then the other two roots are
7 6 x
2, 7 b) c) d)
a) -2, 7 2, - 7 -2, - 7
79.

| |
a-x c b
If ab + bc + ca = 0 and c b-x a = 0, then one of the value of x is
b a c-x
a) (a +b +c a +b +c 1/2 ]
) 2 2 1/2
[
b) 23 ( 2 2 2)

[
2

]
1 1/2
c) (2 2 2
)
d) None of these

2 a +b +c
80.

| |
x-1 1 1
The roots of the 1 x-1 1 = 0, are
equation 1 1 x-
1
1, b) c) d)
a) 2 -1, 2 1, - 2 -1, - 2

1 2 3 is equal to

| [|
3 3 3
81. 1 2 3
5 5 5
1 2 3 b) c) d)
a) 1!213 1!3!5! 6! 9!
82. If A = α 2 and |A3| = 125, then the value of αis
2 α
a) ±1 b) ±2 c) ±3 d) ±5

83.

The value of |x 4 y+z

y 4 z+x , is
z 4 x+y
a) 4 b) x + y + z c) xyz d) 0
 |
84. -1 cos C cos B

If A, B,C be the angles of a triangle, then cos C -1 cos A is equal to

cos B cos A -1
a) 1 b) 0 c) cos Acos Bcos C d) cos A + cos Bcos C

Page 9
 | |
85.
a2+x ab ac
One factor ab b2+x cb
of is ca cb
c2+x
a) x2

b) (a2 + x)(b2 + x)(c2 + x)

c) 1

x
d) None of these

| |
86.
x+1 x+2 x+3
If x+2 x+3 x+4 = 0 then a, b,c are in
x+a x+b x+c
a) AP b) HP c) GP d) None of these

| |
87. 1 0 0 1 0 0
IfA = x 1 0 and I = 0 1 0 , then
x x 1 0 0 1

| |
3 2
A - 4A + 3A + I is equal to
a) 3I b) I c) -I d) -2I

| |
88.
1 x y
Determinant 2 sin x+2x sin y+3y is equal to
3 cos x+3x cos y+3y
a) b) c) d)
sin (x-y) cos (x-y) cos (x+y) xy(sin (x-y)

| |
89.
a2+x ab ac
If a,b,c are the positive integers, then the determinant ∆ = abb2+x bc is divisible by
ac bc c2+x
a) x3 b) x2 c) 2 2 2 d) None of these
(a + b + c )

| |
90. bc ca ab
If a,b,c are non-zero real numbers, then ca ab bc vanishes, when
1 1 1 1 1 1 ab bc ca
a) + + =0 b) - - = 0 c) 1 + 1 - 1 = 0 d) 1 - 1 - 1 = 0
a b c a b c b c a b c a

91.

| |
If f(x) = x-1 (x-1)(x-2) (x-1)(x-2)(x-3)
1 2(x-1) 3(x-1)(x-2)
x x(x-1) x(x-1)(x-2)
Then, the value of f(49) is
a) 49x b) -49x c) 0 d) 1

92.
if 1+a1x 1+b1x 1+c1x A x + A x2 + A x3, then A equal to

| |
1+ax 1+bx 1+cx A
2
x 1+b2x 1+c2x
a) abc =
b) 00 + 1 2 3 c) 1 0
is d) None of these
1+a
 | |
93. If A,B,C are the angles of a triangle, then the value of
-1 cos C cos B
Δ cos C -1 cos A is
= cos B cos A -1
a) cos Acos Bcos C b) sin Asin Bsin C c) 0 d) None of these
P a g e 10
94. The value of the determinant

|
1 cos (β-α) cos (γ-α)
cos (α-β) 1 cos (γ-β) is

|
cos (α-γ) cos (β-γ) 1

95. a) b) c) d) None of these

4cos αcos βcos γ 2cos αcos βcos γ 4sin αsin βsin γ
x37
| |
If one root of determinant 2 x 2 = 0, is-9, then the other two roots are
7 6 x
a) 2,7 b) c) d)
2,-7 -2,7 -2, - 7
96. If 0 ≤ [x] < 2, - 1 ≤ [y] < 1 and 1 ≤ [z] < 3, [ ∙ ] denotes the greatest integer function, then the
maximum value of the determinant

a) 2
[x]+1
∆ = [x] [y]+1
[x]
| [y]

[y]
[z]
[z] , is
[z]+1
b) 6
| c) 4 d) None of these

97. 1
If D = 1 1+x
1 1
|
1 1
|
1 for x ≠ 0, y ≠ 0, then Dis
1+y
a) b)
Divisible by neither x nor y Divisible by both x and y
c) d)
Divisible by x but not y Divisible by y but not x

98.
If f(x) =
1
2x
| x
x(x-1)
(x+1)
x(x+1)
3x(x-1) x(x-1)(x-2) x(x-1)(x+1)
then f (11)equals
|
a) 0 b) 11 c) -11 d) 1

99.
roots of the equation -2 5

| |
1 4 202
1 2x 5x
The-1, 1b) =0 c) d) 1, 2
a)
-2 -1, 2 1, - 2
100. One root of the equation

|
3x-8
3
3
3
3x-8
3
3
3 =
3x-8
|
| |
αxxx
101. a) 8/3 b) 2/3 c) 1/3 d) 16/3

xβxx
If x x γ x = f(x) - xf'(x) then f(x) is equal to
x x x
δ
a) (x-α)(x - β)(x - γ)(x - δ)
(x
b) + α)(x + β)(x + γ)(x + δ)
2(x
c) - α)(x - β)(x - γ)(x - δ)
d) None of these

| |
1a b
102.
In ∆ABC if 1 c a = 0,then
 1 b c
sin2 A+sin2 B+sin2 C is equal to

P a g e 11
 a) 4 b) 9 c) 3 3 d) 1
9 4
103. b+c a+b a
|
The value of determinant c+a b+c b is equal
a+b c+a c to

|
a) 3 3 3 b) 2abc(a + b + c) c) 0 d) None of these

|
a + b + c - 3 abc
104. 1 ωn ω2n
If n = 3k and 1 ω, ω2 are the cube roots of unity, then ∆ = ω2n 1 has the value
a) 0 b) ω c) ω2 ωn
d) 1 ωn ω2n 1
105.
If x 3
6

|
3 6 x
6 x
2 x 7

7 2 x
4 5 x
= x 7 2 = 5 x

4
= 0,then x is equal to

| [
|
x 4

| | ]
3 5
a) 9 b) -9 c) 0 d) -1
106. the system of simultaneous equations
kx + 2y - z = 1
(k-1)y - 2z = 2
(k+2)z = 3
Have a unique solution if k equals
a) -2 b) -1 c) 0 d) 1

107.

of
3
If α,β are non-real numbers satisfying x - 1 = 0, then the value
|
λ+1 α
α λ+β

β 1
β
1

λ+α
| is equal to

a) b) λ3 c) 3 d) 3
0 λ +1 λ -1
108.
x,y,z are different from zero and Δ =

| |
x b c-z 0, then the value of expression + + is
If a- a b-y c-z
a-x b-y c = ax b
y zc
a) 0 b) -1 c) 1 d) 2

109. The value of the determinant

|
is
1
cos (α-β)

cos α
cos (α-β) cosα
1

cosβ
cosβ

1
|
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 2 d) 2 2
α -β α +β

| |
110. If A,b,C are the angles of a triangle, then the determinant
sin 2 A sin C sin B
∆ = sin C sin 2 B sin A is equal to
sin B sin A sin 2 C
a) 1 b) -1 c) sin A + sin B+sin C d) None of these

|
111. a-b-c

2c
2a
2a 2b b-c-a
2b
2c c-a-b
is equal to
|
0 b) c) (a+b+c)2 d) (a+b+c)3
a) a+b+c
112. A and B are two non-zero square matrices such that AB = O. Then,

Both
a) A and B are singular
P a g e 12
 b) Either of them is singular

c) Neither matrix is singular

d) None of these

113. The system of linear

equations x + y + z = 2
2x + y-z = 3
3 x + 2 y + kz = 4
Has a unique solution,
is
k b) c) d)
a) ≠ 0 -1 < k < 1 -2 < k < 2 k=0

| |
a1,a2.……..,an.,…….are in GP and ai > 0 for each i, then the
114. If
determinant log an log an+2 log an+4
∆= is equal to
log an+6 log an+8 log an+10
log an+12 log an+14 log an+16

a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) n
115.

| |
11 12 13
The value of 12 13 14 , is
13 14 15
a) 1 b) 0 c) -1 d) 67

| |
The determinant sin B 0 -tan A has the value, where A,B,C are angles of a triangle
116. cos C tan A 0
0 sin B cos C
0 b) 1 c) d)
a) sin Asin B cos Acos Bcos C
117. If 0 < θ < π and the system of equations
(sin θ)x + y + z = 0
x + (cos θ)y + z =
0
(sin θ)x + (cos θ)y + z = 0
Has a non-trivial solution, then θ =
a) π b) π c) π d) π
6 4 2
3
3 1
118. Let ω = - + i , then the value of the determinant

| |
2 2
1 1 1
1 -1-ω2 ω2 , is
1 ω2 ω4
a) b) c) d)
3ω 3ω(ω - 1) 3ω2 3ω(1 - ω)
119.
Let

a)
ax6 + bx5 + cx4 + dx3 + ex2 + fx + g =
f = 3, g = -5
b)
f = -3, g = -5
|(x+1)
(x2+x)

c)
(x2+2) (x2+x)
(x2+1) (x2+2) . Then,
(x2+2) (x2+x) (x+1)
f = -3, g = -9
d) None of these

| |
120. 1a b
In a ΔABC ,if 1 c a = 0, thensin2 A+sin2 B+sin2 C is equal to
1 b c
3
a) 9 b) 4 c) 1 d)
3
4 9
P a g e 13
 | |
121.
11 1 1
The value of the determinant 1 2 3 4
1 3 6 10 is equal to
1 4 10 20
a) 0 b) -1 c) 1 d) 10

| |
122. f(x)+f(-x) 0 x4
If ∆(x) = 3 f(x)-f(-x) cos (where f(x) is a real valued function of x), then the value of
x
x4 2x f(x)f(-x)
2 4
∫-2x ∆(x)
a) b) is 4
Depends upon the function f(x)
c) is -4 d) is zero

123.

The value of sin (x+a) | cos (x-a)

sin (x-a)
cos a tan x cos acot x
cos (x+a) cos x
sin x
cosec
| is equal

2x
a) 1 b) c) 0 d)
sin acos a sin xcos x

|
124. The roots of the equation

|
3x2 x2+xcos θ+cos2 θ x2+xsin θ+sin2 θ
sin 2θ
x2+xcos θ+cos2 θ 3cos2 θ 1+
2 = 0
sin 2θ
x2+xsin θ+sin2 θ 1+
2 3sin2 θ
sin θ,cos b) c) d)
a) θ sin2 θ,cos2 θ sin θ,cos2 θ sin2 θ,cos θ
125. If A is a square matrix of order n such that its elements are polynomial in x and its r-rows become
identical for x = k, then
r
a) (x-k) is a factor of |A|
b) (x-k)r-1 is a factor of |A|
c) (x-k)r+1 is a factor |A|
r
d) (x-k) is a factor of A

|
126. x2+x 3x-1 -
x+3 If 2x+1 2+x2
x3-3
x-3 x2+4 3x
= a 0 + a 1x + a 2x2+…. + a7 x7,
The value of a0is

| |
a) 25 b) 24 c) 23 d) 21

127. A
a cot
2 λ
B
If b cot 2 μ = 0 where, a,b,c A,B and C are elements of a ∆ABC with usual meaning. Then, the value of
C
c cot
2
a(μ-γ) + b(γ-λ) + c(λ - μ) is
γ
 0 b) c) d)
a) abc ab + bc + ca 2 abc

P a g e 14
 |
128. bc ca ab
The value of the determinant p q r , where a,b,c are the pth,qth and rth terms of a H.P., is
1 1 1

129.
a) p + q + r b) (a + b + c)
| c) 1 d) None of these

| |
x+2 x+3 x+a
If a, b.c are in AP, then the value x+4 x+5 x+b is
of x+6 x+7 x+c
a) b) 2 c) d) 0
x - (a + b + c) 9x + a + b + c a+b+c

| |
130. For the values of A,B,C and P,Q,R the value of
cos (A-P) cos (A-Q) cos (A-R)
cos (B-P) cos (B-Q) cos (B-R) is
cos
a) 0 (C-P) cos (C-Q) cosb)(C-R) c) d)
cos Acos Bcos C sin Asin Bsin C cos Pcos Qcos R

| |
131. xn sin x cos x
dn
If ∆(x) = n! sinnπ cos
[
then the value of n ∆(x) at x = 0 is
nπ dx
2 2
a a2 a3
b) 0 c) 1 d)
a) -1 Dependent of a

|
For is
132. 1 logx y logx z
positive numbers x, y and z, the numerical value of the determinant logy x 1 logy z
logz x logz y 1

a) 0 b) 1 c) log xyz d) None of these

e
133.
15! 16! 17!
|
The value of the determinant 16! 17! 18! is equal to
17! 18! 19!

|
b) ( ) c) d)
a)
15! + 16! 2 15! (16!)(17!) 15! + 16! + 17! 16! + 17!

| |
134.
345x
4 5 6 y , then Δ
If Δ z
= equals
567
(
a) y-2z+3x)2

b) (x-2y+z)2

c) (x+y+z)2
x2
d) + y2 + z2 - xy - yz - zx
135. If the system of equations 2x + 3y + 5 = 0, x + ky + 5 = 0, kx - 12y - 14 = 0 be consistent, then
value of k is
a) 12 b) 1 c) 17 d) 12
-2, -1, -6, 6, -

| |
5 5 5 5
136. 2
b +c 2
ab ac
If ab 2
c +a 2
bc = k a2 b2 c2, then k is equal to
ca cb a2+b2
a) 3 b) 2 c) 4 d) None of these
137. The repeated factor of the determinant

P a g e 15
 |y+z x y
z+x z x ,
is x+y y z
a) z - x b) x - y c) y - z d) None of these

|
| |
138.
4+x2 -6 -
The determinant 2 is not divisible by
2
-6 9+x 3
-2 3 1+x2
a) b) 3 c) 2 d) 5

|
x x 14 + x x
139. 0 x2-a x3-b
If a,b,c are different, then the value of x satisfying x2+a 0 x2+c = 0
is
x4+a x-c 0
a) a b) b c) c d) 0

| |
140.
b2+c2 a2 a2
Determinant b2 c2+a2 b2 is equal to
c2 c2 a2+b2
a) b) c) 2 2 2 d) 2 2 2
abc 4 abc 4a b c abc

| |
141. p b c
If a ≠ p,b ≠ q, c ≠ r and p+a q+b 2c = 0,then
a b r
p q r
+ + is equal to
p-a q-b r-c
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3

|
142. a+b+2c a

| c
b c 2a+b+c
b
a a+2b+c
is equal to

b)
a) (a+b+c)2 2(a+b+c)2
c) (a+b+c)3 d)
2(a+b+c)3

| |
143. If [ ] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to the real number under consideration and
[x]+1 [y] [z]
-1 ≤ x < 0;0 ≤ y < 1;1 ≤ z < 2, then the value of the determinant [x] [y]+1 [z] is
[x] [y] [z]+1
a) [x] b) [y] c) [z] d) None of these

144. The values of x for which the given matrix

[ -x
2
x 2
x - will be non-singular, are
x

]
x -2 -
x
-2 b)
a) ≤ x ≤ 2 For all x other then 2 and -2
c) d)
x≥2 x ≤ -2
145. If all the elements in a square matrix A of order 3 are equal to 1 or -1, then |A|, is

a) An odd number b) An even number c) An imaginary number d) A real number

146. Let a,b,c be such that (b + c) ≠ 0 and

P a g e 16
 |a a+1 a-1
-b b+1 b-
1 c c-1

|| |
c+1
+ a+1 b+1 c-1 1 =
a-1 b-1 c+1
(-1)n+2a (-1)n+1b (-1)nc 0
Then the value of n is
a) Zero b) Any even integer c) Any odd integer d) Any integer

147.

| |
b2 ca equal to
1/a a2 bc
Determinant 1/b is d) 0
a) abc b) 1 c) ab + bc + ca

|
148. x -6 -1
abc

One root of the equation 2

| -3x x- =0 is
3
d) 3
-3 2x x+2
a) 0 b) 1
149.
c) -1

|
(a+1)2 (b+1)2 2
2
is
c

|
The value of (c 2 +1)2

|
2 c-
a )2 (b-1
(a-1 b )2 ( 1) d) None of these

|
| |
a) b) 3 a

|
a 2 b2 c2 2 2 2 2 2

| |
2 b c c) 2 a b c
4

|
a b c a b c a b c
1 1of the
150. The value 1 determinant 1 1 1 1 1 1
1-a3 b3 1-a31 b32 1-a31 b33
1 1

1-a1 b1 1-a1 b2 1-a1 b3

1-a32 b31 1-a32 b32 1-a32 b33
, is
∆ = 1-a2 b1 1-a2 b2 1-a2 b3
1-a33b31 1-a33 b32 1-a33 b33
1-a3 b1 1-a3 b2 1-a3 b3
a) 0

b) Dependent only on a ,a ,a
c) Dependent only on b1 ,b2 ,b3
1
d) Dependent on a ,a ,a b ,b ,b
2 3

1 2 3 1 2 3

[ ]
151. If A = 1 2 , then the value of the determinant|A2009-5A2008|is
3 5
a) -6 b) -5 c) -4 d) 4

152.

1 2
|
x-3 2x2-18

3
3x3-81
If f(x) = x-5 2x2-50 4x3-500 ,then

|
f(1).f(3) + f(3).f(5) + f(5).f(1) is equal to
a) b) c) d)
f(1) f(3) f(1) + f(3) f(1) + f(5)

| |
153. x a b+c
The value of the determinant x b c+a = 0, if
x c a+b
P a g e 17
 a) b) c) d)
x = a x = b x = c x has any value
154. If the system of equations x + ky - z = 0, 3x - ky - z = 0 and x - 3y + z = 0 has non-zero solution then k
is equal to
a) -1 b) 0 c) 1 d) 2

155.
If
|
x x2 1+x3
y y2 1+y3 = 0 and x,y,z are all distinct, then xyz is equal to
z z2 1+z3

|
a) -1 b) 1 c) 0 d) 3

| |
156. Let [x] represent the greatest integer less than or equal to x, then the value of the determinant
[e] [π] [π2-6]
[π] [π2-6] [e] is
[π2-6] [e]
[π]
a) -8 b) 8 c) 10 d) None of these
157.

| |
a b ax+b
The determinant ∆ = b c bx+c is equal to zero, if
ax+b bx+c 0
a,b,c,
a) are in A.P.
a,b,c,
b) are in G.P.
a,b,c,
c) are in H.P.
α
d) is a root of ax2 + bx + c = 0
158. Consider the following statements :
1 a bc

1 c ab | |
1 a a2

|
1. The determinants 1 b ca and 1 b b2 are not identically equal.
1 c c2

| |
|
ab c
a > 0, b > 0, c > 0 the value of the determinant c a always positive.

| ||
c a b
2. For x y1 1 a1 b1 b is
1

|
1
3.If x2 y2 1 = a2 b2 1 , then the two triangles with vertices (x1,y1), (x2,y2),(x3,y3) and (a1,b1)
x3 y3 1 a3 b3 1
(a2,b2),(b3,b3) must be congruent. Which of the statement given above is/are correct?
a) Only (1) b) Only (2) c) Only (3) d) None of these

| |
159. The arbitrary constant on which the value of the
1 a a2
Determinant cos (p-d)a cos pa cos (p-d)a
sin (p-d)a sin pa sin (p-d)a
Does not depend, is
a) α b) p c) d d) a

|
160. a+x a-x a-x
a-x a+x a-x
a-x a-x a+x
a) 0,2a b) a,2a c) 0,3a d) None of these

P a g e 18
 161. If the equations 2x + 3y + 1 = 0, 3x + y - 2 = 0 and ax + 2y - b = 0 are consistent, then
a b) c) d)
a) - b = 2 a+b+1=0 a+b=3 a-b-8= 0

| |
162. If ∆(x) = 1+sin
1 x cos
cos xx 1+sin
1-cos x x , then ∫π/2∆(x)dx is equal to
x-cos 0

sin x sin x 1
a) 1 b) 1 c) 0 d) - 1
4 2 2
163. If the system of
equations x + a y + a z
= 0
bx + y + bz = 0
cx + cy + z = 0
a b c
Where a,b and c are non-zero non-unity, has a non-trivial solution, then the value of + + is
1-a 1- 1-c
a) 0 b)
d) 1 c) abc b
-1 2
2
a +b2+c
164. The system of equations 3x - 2y + z = 0, λx - 14y + 15z = 0, x + 2y - 3z = 0 has a solution other
than x = y = z = 0 then λ is equal to
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 5

165.

Let D =
r
| 2
1
r-1

α
2.3
β
r-1
4.5
γ
r-
. Then, the value of ∑n D is
r=1 r

|
2n-1 3n-1 5n-1
a) α β γ b) 2n α + 2n β + 4n γ c) 2 α + 3 β + 4 γ d) None of these
ππ
166. In the interval - , [ ]
, the number of real solutions of

| |
44
sin x cos x cos x
the equations cos x sin x cos x= 0 is
cos x cos x sin x
a) 0 b) 2 c) 1 d) 3

167. If A,B and C are the angles of a triangle and

| 1 1
1+sin A

a) Isosceles
1
1+sin B
2
1+sin C = 0 then the triangle ABC is
sin A+sin A sin B+sin B sin C+sin2 C
2

b) Equilateral
|
c) Right angled isosceles d) None of these

|
168. a b q -b y
If A = and B = -p a -x ,

| c
x y
then r -c

|
z
z
p q r
a) A = 2B
| b) A = B c) A = -B d) None of these
169. If a = 1 + 2 + 4 + …to n terms, b = 1 + 3 + 9 + …to n terms and c = 1 + 5 + 25 + … to n

|
then terms, a 2b equals
4c
2 2 2
n n n
2 3 5
n b) (10)n c) 0 d)
a) (30) 2n + 3n + 5n
170. If c = 2cos θ, then the value of the determinant

P a g e 19
 |
c 1 0
∆ = 1 c 1 is
6 1 c

|
a) sin4θ 2sin2 2θ c) 2 d) None of these
4cos θ(2cos θ-

|
sin
1) θ
b)
sin θ
171. 2 2 2
1 2 3
The value of ∆ = 2 2 2
2 3 4 , is
2 2 2
3 4 5
a) 8 b) -8 c) 400 d) 1

| |
172. xa b
The factors of a x b are
a b x
a)
x - a, x - b, and x + a + b
b)
x + a,x + b and x + a + b
c)
x + a,x + b and x - a - b
d)
x - a, x - b and x - a - b

| |
173. Coefficient of x in
x (1+sin x) cos x
2

f(x) = 1 log (1+x) , is

2
a) 0 x2 (1+x)2
0
b) 1

c) -2

d) Cannot be determined

| |
174. a 2b 2c
If a ≠ b,b,c satisfy 3 b c = 0, then abc =
4 a b
a) b) 0 c) d)
a+b+c b3 ab + bc
175. Which one of the following is
correct? If A non-singular matrix,
then
b) det (A-1)= 1
a) det (A-1) =det (A) c) d) None of these
det (A )=1
-1
det (A)
176.
If
|
a b

0
= 0, then

0 a
b
b 0 a
a) b)
a is one of the cube roots of unity b is one of the cube roots of unity

b
()
c) a is one of the cube roots of unity
()
d) a is one of the cube roots of -1
b
177.
|
b+c c+a a+b a b c
|
If a+b b+c c+a = k c a b , then the value of k,
c+a a+b b+c is d c a
 a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
178.

| |
a11
If the value of the determinant 1 b 1 is positive, then
1 1 c
P a g e 20
 |
a)
abc > 1
179. The value of the
determinant cos α -
|
b)
abc > -8
c)
abc < -8
d)
abc > -2

sin α 1
sin α cos α 1
is cos (α+β)-sin (α+β) 1
Independent b)
a) of α Independent of β
c) d) None of these
Independent of α and β
180. If B is a non-singular matrix and A is a square matrix such that B-1AB exists, then det (B-1AB) is equal to
det b) c) d)
a) (A-1) det (B-1) det (B) det (A)
181.

[ ]
0 1 -2
If matrix -1 0 is singular, then λ is equal to
3
λ -3
0
a) -2 b) -1 c) 1 d) 2

182. If x,y,z are in AP, then the value of the det A is,

A= 67 z

a) 0
xyz0
|
where
5 6 7 y4 5 6 x
8

b) 1 c) 2 d) None of these

183.
If ∆ =
r
|| 1
2r
2r-1
n
n2+n+1
n2
n
n2+n
n2+n+1
| and ∑n
∆ =56, then n equals
r=1 r

a) 4 b) 6 c) 7 d) 8

| |
1 b b22-ac is equal to
184. 1 a a -bc
1 c c2-ab
0 b)
a) a3 + b3 + c3 - 3abc
c) d)
3abc (a+b+c)3
185. If the matrix Mr is given by Mr = [r-1r r-1
r
r = 1, 2, 3..., then the value of det

(M1) + det (M2)+...+det ]

(M2008) is
a) 2007 b) 2008 c) ( d) (
2008) 2007)
2 2

186.

If ω is the cube root of unity,

then
|
1

ω
ω
ω2
ω 2
1
is equal to

|
2
ω 1 ω
a) 1 b) 0 c) d) 2
ω ω
 | |
187. If 1,ω,ω2are the cube roots of unity,
then
n 2n
∆= ω ω2n ω1 is equal to
1n ω
ω2n 1
a) 0 b) 1 c) d) 2
ω ω
188. The value of the following determinant is
P a g e 21
 1
∆= a
|
a
3
1
b
b
3
1
c
3
c

|
a) b)
(a - b)(b - c)(c - a)(a + b + c) abc(a+b)(b+c)(c + a)
c) (a-b)(b-c)(c - a) d) None of the above

189.
The value
of
| b+c
b
a
c+a
a
b | , is

c c a+b
a) b) c) d)
6 abc a+b+c 4 abc abc

190.
The value of
a) 1
| log5729

log
5
27
b) 6 log
5 || |
log3 5 log3 5 log27 5
log9 25 9 log5 9 is equal to
c) log 9
5
d) log 5.log 81
3 5

191.
If a + b + c = 0, then the solution of the
equation
|
a-x c b
c b-x a = 0 is
b a c-

|
x
a) 0 b) ±3(a2 + b2 + c2)
2
c) 0, ± d) 0, ± (a2+b2+c2)
3 2 2 2

|
(a +b +c )
2
192. If a,b and c are 1+a 1 1 1 1 1
all different from zero and ∆ = = 0, then the value of + + is

a) b) 1
abc
| 1
1
1+b
1
1
1+c
a b c

abc c) d)
-a - b - c -1

| |
193. If (ω ≠ 1) is cubic root of unity, then
a 2
2 ω
1 1+i+ω
1-i -1 ω2-1
a) zero -i -1+ω-i -1 b) 1 c) i d) ω

194.
N
U = n2 2N+1 2N+1 , is
The value of ∑n=1 Un if

| |
n
n 1 5
n3 3N2 3N
a) 0 b) 1 c) -1 d) None of these

195. The integer represented by the determinant

[
215 342 511
6 7
36 49 54
8 is exactly divisible by

]
a) 146 b) 21 c) 20 d) 335

196. If A is a 3×3non-singular matrix, then det (A-1adj A) is equal to

det b) 1 c) ( d) (
det A) det A)
2 -1
a) A

| |
197. 1 sin θ 1
 Let A = -sinθ 1 sin θ , where 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π, then the range of o|A| is
-1 -sinθ 1
a) (2, 4) b) [2, 4] c) [2, 4) d) All of these

198. In a third order determinant, each element of the first column consists of sum of two terms, each element
P a g e 22
 of the second column consists of sum of three terms and each element of the third column consists of sum
of four terms. Then, it can be decomposed into n determinant, where n has the value
a) 1 b) 9 c) 16 d) 24

| |
If a1,a2.…..,an,….., are in GP, then the
199.
determinant log an log an+1 log an+2
∆ = log a log an+4 log an+5 is equal to
n+3

log an+6 log an+7 log an+8

a) 2 b) 4 c) 0 d) 1

| |
200. ω ω2/2 is
If ω be a complex cube root of unity, 1
1 equal to
1
then 1 -
a) 0 b) 1 c) d) 2
ω

| |
e2 log e32 log e43 equal to
201. log e log e log e
a)
log0 is b) 1 c) 4log e d) 5log e

202.
The value of the determinant,

a) b)
| 13+ 3 2 5
15+ 26 5
3+ 65 15 5
5

|
10 is

c) d)
5( 6 - 5) 5 3 ( 6 - 5) 5( 6- 3) 2( 7- 5)
203. 10 4 3
|
If ∆1 = 17 7 4 ,∆2 =
4 -5 7
4 x+5
3
7 x+12
| such that ∆1 + ∆2 = 0, is

| |
4
-5 x-1
7
a) b) c) d) None of these
x = 5 x = 0 x has no real value
204.

| 1+x1y1 1+x1y2 1+x1y3

Let ∆ = 1+x2y1 1+x2y2 1+x2y3 , then value of ∆ is

1+x3y1 1+x3y2 1+x3y3
a) x x x + y y y b) xxxyyy
1
c) x x2y3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

+xyy 1 +xxyy d) 0
y2 3 2

|
1 2 1 2

|
y 3 1 3 3

205. a a+d a+2 d

If a 2
(a+d) (a+2 d)2 = 0, then
2

2a+3 d 2(a+d) 2a+d

a) d = 0 b) a + d = 0 c) d = 0 or a + d = 0 d) None of these

206.

a) abc(a + b + c)
|
b2-ab b-c bc-ac
Determinant ab-a2 a-b b2-ab is equal to
bc-ac c-a ab-a2
b) 2 2 2 c) 0 d) None of these

|
3a b c
207. If the system of equations
bx + ay = c,cx + az = b,cy + bz = a has
a unique solution, then
a) abc = 1 b) abc = -2 c) abc = 0 d) None of these

P a g e 23
 |
208.
x+1 ω ω2
If ω is a cube root of unity, ω x+ω2 1 , is equal to
then
ω2 1 x+ω
a) b) c) d) x3

|
3 3 3 2
x +1 x +ω x +ω
209. If A and B are two matrices such that A + B and AB are both defined, then

A
a) and B are two matrices not necessarily of same order
A
b) and B are square matrices of same order
Number
c) of columns of A = Number of rows of B
d) None of these

210.

The coefficient of x in f(x) = |

x
x
1
1+sin x

log (1+x)
cos

2
, -1 < x ≤ 1, is

|
x2 1+x2 0
a) 1 b) -2 c) -1 d) 0

|
211. a a2-bc 1
The value of b b2-ca 1 , is
c c2-ab 1
a) 1 b) -1 c) 0 d) -abc

212.
|
The value of the determinant ω3
is | 1 ω3 ω5
1
4
ω , where ω is an imaginary cube root of unity,

|
a) (1-ω)2 b) 3 c) -3 d) None of these

213. Let a,b,c, be positive and not all equal, the value of the

Determinant ba b c
|
c a is
c a b

214.
a) Positive
| b) Negative c) Zero d) None of these

| |
-12 0 λ
If 0 2 -1 = -360, then the value of λ, is
2 1 15
a) -1 b) -2 c) -3 d) 4

|
If
215. a a2 1+a3
1+b 0 and vectors (1,a,a2),(1,b,b2)and (1,c,c2)are non-coplanar, then the product abc equals
2 3
b b
c c2 1+c3

||
a) 2 b) -1 c) 1 d) 0

|
216. ω is an imaginary cube root of unity
and
2
x+ω
ω ω2 1+x
ω 1 = 0, then one of the value of x
is
1 x+ω ω2
a) 1 b) 0 c) -1 d) 2
217. if x,y,z are in A.P., then the value of the det (A) is, where

P a g e 24
 [
456yx
A = 567z
678
xyz0

218.
a) 0

] b) 1

α,β,γ ∈ R, then the determinant ∆

c) 2 d) None of these

(iαeiβ+e-iα-iβ)2 2 (iαeiβ-e-iα-iβ)22

| |
= 4
(e +e ) (e -e ) 4
(eiγ+e-iγ)2 (eb)-e ) 4
iγ -iγ 2

If Independent of α,β and γ

a)
is of α,β and γ
Dependent
c) d)
Independent of α,β only Independent of α,β only
219. If a > 0, b > 0, c > 0 are respectively the pth, qth, rth terms of a GP, then the value of the determinant
p

| |
log b q 1 , is
log a 1
log c r 1
a) 1 b) 0 c) -1 d) None of these

220. The sum of the products of the elements of any row of a determinant A with the cofactors of

| |
the corresponding elements is equal to
a) 1 b) 0 c) |A| d) 1|A|
2
221. If a,b,c,d,e and fare in GP, then the value
of a2 d2 x
b2 e2 y
c2 f2 z
Depends b)
a) on x and y Depends on x and z
c) d)
Depends on y and z independents on x,y and z
222.

The value
of
| 1

logy x
z
logx y logx
z
1 logy
is equal to

a) 0
|logz x logz y
b) 1
1
c) xyz d) log xyz

| |
223.
1 1 1
The value of the determinant 1 1-x is equal to

1
1 1 1+y
a) b) c) d)
3-x + y (1-x)(1 + y) xy -xy
224.
x y z kxyz, then k is equal

| |
x x -y
y zz
to
If - =
a) 1 b) 3 c) 4 d) 2
225.

| |
2x+1 4 8
If x = -5 is a root 2 2x 2 2x
of 7 6
= 0, then the other roots are
a) 3, 3, 5 b) 1, 3, 5 c) 1, 7 d) 2, 7

226. Let a,b,c be positive real numbers. The following system of equations in x,y and z

P a g e 25
 2
x 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
+ y2 - z x2 - y z x y z
2 = 2 + 2 = 1, 2 + 2 + 2 = 1 has
2
a b a
1,
c b -c a b c
a) No solution

b) Unique solution

c) Infinitely many solutions

d) Finitely many solutions

| |
227. 1+sin2 θ sin2 θ sin2 θ
cos2 θ 1+cos2 θ cos2 θ = 0, then sin 4θ equals to
4sin 4 θ 4sin 4 θ 1+4sin 4 θ
a) 1 2 b) 1 c) -1 2 d) -1
228.
If a, b, c are unequal what is the condition that the value of the determinant, Δ ≡
|a a2 a3+1
b b2 b3+1is 0?
c c2 c3+1

| |
1 b)

|
a) + abc = 0 a+b+c+1=0
c) d) None of these
(a-b)(b-c)(c-a) = 0
229. If α + β + γ = π, then the value of the
determinant 2i α -i γ -i β
e e e
-iγ 2i β -i α
e e e ,

is e-iβ e-i α e2i γ

a) 4 b) -4 c) 0 d) None of these

|m b|, ∆ = |a m| and |a b|, then the values of x and y are

If
230. xayb = em, xcyd = en, ∆
= =
∆
1
n d 2 c 3
c d
respectively n
a) ∆1 and ∆2 b) ∆2 and ∆3
∆3 ∆3 ∆1 ∆1
c) log ( ∆1 ) and log

∆3 ∆3
( )
∆2 d)
e
∆1/∆3
and e
∆2/∆3

231. If a ≠ b ≠ c, then the value of x satisfying the equation

c
|0
x+a

x+b x-c
x2-a a-b
0 x- = 0 is

232. |
a) a b) b c) c d) 0

| |
10! 11! 12!
The value of the determinant 11! 12! 13! is
12! 13! 14!
a) b) c) d)
2(10!11!) 2(10!13!) 2(10!11!12!) 2(11!12!13!)
233.

|
sin x
The number of distinct real root of cos x sin x cos x = 0 in the interval –
cos x cos x
π
4
π
≤ x ≤ is
4
 cos x cos x sin x
a) 0 b) 2 c) 1 d) 3

P a g e 26
 |
234.
(ax+a-x)2 (ax-a-x)2 1
The value of determinant (bx+b-x)2 (bx-b-x)2 1 is
(cx+c-x)2 (cx-c-x)2 1
a) 0 b) 2 abc c) a2b2c2 d) None of these

[ ]
235. λ1 0
The matrix 0 2 3 is non- singular
0 0 λ 1
a) b) c) d)
For all real values of λ Only when λ = ± Only when λ ≠ 0 Only when λ = 0
2
236.
If (
a+12 )2 (b+1 )2 (c+1 )2 = a b c ,

|
c )2 k
| |
1 a2 b12 c21
2 2
(a-1
a )2 (b-1
b )2 (c-1

Then the value of k is

a) 1 | b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

| |
237. f(x) g(x) h(x)
If f(x), g(x) and h(x) are three polynomials of degree 2 and Δ(x) = f'(x) g'(x) h'(x) , then Δ(x) is
f''(x) g''(x) h''(x)
polynomial of degree
a) 2 b) 3 c) At most 2 d) At most 3

238.
value of y z equal to

| |
x+y y+z z+x
x-y y-z z-x
The x b) is c) (x+y+z)3 d) 0
a)
2(x+y+z)2 2(x+y+z)3

|
If 1+a
239. 1+ax 1+ax2
f(x) = 1+b 2
1+bx 1+bx , where a,b,c are non-zero constants, then value of f(10)is
1+c 1+cx 1+cx2
a) b)
10 (b-a)(c - a) 100 (b-a)(c-b)(a - c)
c) d) 0
100 abc
240.
4
The value of λ, if ax + bx + cx + 50x + d
=
3 2
| x3-14x2
4x+1
-3
-x
3x
4
3x+λ

|
x-4 , is
0

a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3
241.

| |
2
+3x-1 3x 3x-3 Ax - 12, then the value of A is
x2+x x+1 x-2
If 12
a) 2x = 23
b) c) -12 d) 24

242.
The value of x obtained from the equation

a)
x+α

| γ
α
β
x+β
β
b)
γ

x+γ
|
α = 0 will be

0 and –(α + β + γ) 0 and (α + β + γ)

 d)
c)
1 and (α - β - γ) 0 and (α2 + β2 + γ2)

P a g e 27
 |
243. 1+ax 1+bx 1+cx
1+a1x 1+b1x 1+c1x
+ x2 + x3, then is equal to
1+a2x 1+b2x 1+c2x = + x
A
3
A
1
A0 A1 A2
a) abc b) 0 c) 1 d) None of these

244. From the matrix equation AB = AC we can conclude B = C provided that

A b) c) d)
a) is singular A is non-singular A is symmetric A is square
245. If a ≠ b, then the system of
equation ax + by + bz = 0
bx + ay + bz = 0
bx + by + az =
0

| |
Will have a non-trivial solution, is
a b) c) d)
a) + b = 0 a + 2b = 0 2a + b = 0 a + 4b = 0
246. If ω is an imaginary cube root of unity, then the value
of a bω2 aω
bω c bω2 ,
is cω2 aω c
b) c) 0 d)
a) a3 + b3 + c3 a2b - b2c a3 + b3 + c3 - 3abc
247.
The value of determinant | a+b a+2b a+3b
a+2b a+3b a+4b is
a+4b
b) a+5b a+6b c) d) 0
a) a2 + b2 + c2 - 3abc 3ab 3a + 5b

248.
The z+x is
value of the determinant y y equal to

| |
y+z x x
z z x+y
b) c) d)
a) 6xyz xyz 4xyz xy + yz + zx
249.
If ∆ x b∆ b
= and
1 a x |
baa
2
= |x b|, then
a x
x

| |
b) d (∆ ) = 3∆ d
a) = 3 ( )2
∆ c) (∆ ) = 3 d) ∆ = 3 (∆ )
3/2

∆ ∆2
1 2
dx dx 1 1 2 2 1 2

250. For positive numbers x,y,z (other than unity) the numerical value of the determinant
1 logx y logx z
logy x 3 logy z ,
is logz x logz y
5
b) c) 1 d) 8
a) 0 log xlog ylog z
251.
1990 1991 1992
|
The value of 1991 1992 1993 is
1992 1993 1994

a) 1992 b) 1993 c) 1994 d) 0

252.

| |
a+x a-x a-x
If a-x a+x a-x = 0, then x is equal
to a-x a-x a+x
a) 0,2a b) a, 2a c) 0, 3a d) None of these

P a g e 28
 |
253.
b c b α+c
The determinant ∆ = c d c α+d is equal to zero, if
b α+c c α+d a α3-c α
a)
b,c,d are in A.P.
b)

c)

d)
b,c,d are in G.P.
b,c,d are in H.P.
|
α is a root of ax3 + bx2 - cx - d = 0

| |
254.
a1 b1 c1 b2c3-b3c2 c2a3-c3a2 a2b3-c3b2
If
b3c1-b1c3 c3a1-c1a3 a3b1-a1b3 is
a2 b2 c=2 5, then the value of
b1c2-b2c1 c1a2-c2a1 a1b2-a2b1
a3 b3 c3
a) 5 b) 25 c) 125 d) 0

255.

a)
|
The determinant ∆ =

5
|
a2+x2
ab
ac
b) x4
b +x
bc
ab
2 2
|| ac
bc is divisible by
c2+x2
c) 4 d) 4

|
x x +1 x -1

|
256. a-1 n 6
, then ∑n
If ∆ = (a-1)2 2 n2 4 n- ∆ is equal to
2
a a=1 a
(a-1)3 3 n3 3 n2-3 n

a) 0 b) 1 c)
{ ( )}{ ( )}
n 2n+1
257. Let the determinant of a 3×3 matrix A be 6, then B is a matrix defined by B = 5A2. Then, determinant of B
2a a+1 d) None of these

is
a) 180 b) 100 c) 80 d) None of These

258.

The coefficient of x in f(x) = |

x 1+sin x
x
1 log (1+x)
cos

2
- 1 < x ≤ 1, is

||
x2 1+x2 0
a) 1 b) -2 c) -1 d) 0

259. The value of bc

1
| b+c c+a
ca
1
ab
1

a+b
is

a) 1 b) 0 c) d)
(a-b)(b-c)(c - a) (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)

260.
A factor of ∆(x) =
| x3+1 2x4+3x2 3x5+4x
2
3
5
14
7
19
| is

a) x b) (x-1)2 c) (x+1)2 d) None of these

261.
If pλ4 + qλ3 + qλ2 + sλ + t = b2+λ c2+a2

then the value of t is

c2+λ
| b2+c2 a2+λ

c2+λ
a2+λ
2
b +λ is an identity in λ, where p,q,r,s,t are constants,
a2+b2

a) 1 b) 2 c) 0 d) None of these
P a g e 29
 |
262.
10! 11! 12!
The value of the determinant 11! 12! 13! is
12! 13! 14!
a) b) c) d)
2 (10!11!) 2 (10!13!) 2 (10!11!12!) 2 (11! 12! 13!)
263.
If Ai = and if |a| < 1,
i i | | < 1,then ∑∞i=1det (Ai) is equal to

[
ba ab b
i i

]
a) 2 2 b) a2-b2
a b c) 2 2 d) 2 2
a b a b
- + -
(1-a)2 (1-b)2 (1-a)2(1-b2) (1-a)2 (1- (1+a)2 (1+b)2
264.

[ ]
1 2 x b)2
If 4 -1 7 is a singular matrix, then x is equal to
2 4 -6

a) 0 b) 1 c) -3 d) 3
265.

value of x q

The
a)
p x pq qx
p
x(x-p)(x - q)
c) (p-q)(x-q)(x
is
| | b)
d)
(x-p)(x-q)(x + p + q)
- p) pq(x-p)(x - q)
266.
roots of the equation -2 5 0 are

| |
1 4 20
1 2x 5x2
The-1, - 2
a) 1b) -1, 2 = c)
1, - 2
d) 1, 2

267.
|
If6i -3i
4 3i -1
403 i
1

| = x + iy, then

a) b) c) d)
x = 3,y = 1 x = 1, y = 3 x = 0,y = 3 x = 0,y = 0

|
268. The determinant

|
cos (α+β) -sin (α+β) cos 2
β is independent of
∆ = sin α cos α sin β
-sin α sin α cos β
b) c) d)
a) α β α and β Neither α nor β

| |
x+2 x+3 x+b
269. x+1 x+2 x+a = 0,then a, b, c are
x+3 x+4 x+c
a) In GP b) In HP c) Equal d) In AP

| |
If 1+a 1 1
1 1 1
270. 1 + + + = 0, then ∆ = is equal to
a c c 1 1+b 1
1 1 1+c
a) 0 b) abc c) -abc d) None of these
 271. If a ≠ b ≠ c, the value of x which satisfies the equation

| 0
x+a
c
x+b
x-a

a) = 0
0

x x+c
x-b
x- = 0, is

0 b)
x=a
c)
x=b
d)
x=c

|
272.
If D =
r
1
n(n+1)
2
|, then the value of ∑n
D is

|
2

r
2r-1 4 n r=0 r

2r-1 5 2n-1
P a g e 30
 a) 0 b) 1 c) n(n+1)(2n+1) d) None of these
6

|
273.
1 α
3
If f(α) = 2
then f( 3) is equal to
α
2
α α 1

|
α2 1 α
a) 1 b) c) 4 d) 2
4
274.
value of the determinant -∆ =

| |
a1b2a
2
+a2b1
b
2a2b2
a1b2+a
a b +a b
b a12b33+a33b21
a1b3+a3b1 a3b2+a2b3 2a3b3
1 1 2 1

The1
a) b) 2a a a b b b c) 0 is d) a a a b b b

275. 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3

[ ]
3
3 2 4
If A = 1 2 1 and Aijare the cofactors of aij, then
3 2 6
a11A11 + a12A + a13A13is equal to
a) 8 b) 6 c) 4 d) 0

| |
276. x-a x-b x-c
The equation x-b x-c x-a = 0, where a,b,c are different, is satisfied
by x-c x-a x-b
a) b) c) x = 1(a + b + c) d)
x=0 x=a a=a+b+c
3

|
277. x p q
p x q =
q q x

|
a)
(x + p)(x + q)(x - p - q)
b)
(x - p)(x - q)(x + p + q)
c)
(x - p)(x - q)(x - p - q)
d)
(x + p)(x + q)(x + p + q)

f(x) = (x-1) x then f(50) is equal to

| |
278.
1 1 1
3x(x-1) (x-1)(x-2) x(x-1)
If
a) 2x b) 1 , c) 100 d) -100
0

P a g e 31
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09:16:00

1112

4.DETERMINANTS

P a g e 32
P a g e 33
 24-07-2021

09:16:00

1112

4.DETERMINANTS

2 Let the first term and common difference of an AP

| |
x 2 -1 are A and D respectively.
Given 2 5 x =0 ∴ a = A + (p-1)D, b = A + (q-1)D,
-1 2 x

|
x 2 -1
⇒ 2 5 x and c = A + (r-1)D

| |
-3 -3 0 = 0 [R3→R3 - R2] a p 1 A+(p-1)D p 1

|
Now, b q 1 = A+(q-1)D q 1
⇒ - 1(-6+15) - x[-3x+6] = 0 c r 1 A+(r-1)D r 1

⇒ x2 - 2x - 3 = 0

|
Applying C1→C1 -
DC2 |
+ DC3

⇒x = 3, - 1

= A 1 q 1 = 0 ( ∵ two columns
A p 1 1 p 1

| |
3 = A q
1 1 r 1
A r 1

| |
441 442 443 are identical)

| |
445 446 447 = 441 1 1
445 1 1
449 450 451 6
449 1 1

|
C2→C2 - C1
| Minor of (-4) =
|-28 93 = -42
|-4 |-5 = -3
C3→C3 - C2 -1 -2
Minor of 9=
=0 [∵ two columns are identical]
Cofactor of(|-4) = (-1) .
4 |-28 93 = 42
2+1

and cofactor of 9 = (-1) .|| -4 -5| = -3

3+3 -1 -2

| |
f(α) = a2 1
1 α α2
7
Given, α
= 1(α3-1) - α(α2-α2) + α2(α - α4) Given, α,β and γ are the cube roots of unity, then
assume
= α3 - 1 - 0 + α3 - α6
α = 1,β = ω and γ = ω2.
3
⇒f( 3) = 3 - 1 - 0 + 3 - 32
 = 6 - 10 = -4

P a g e 34
 | | |
eα e2α (e3α-1)
∴ e
a2 a 1
2β 3β
β
e (e -1) Le t∆ = cos (nx) cos (n+1)x cos (n+2)x
γ
2γ 3γ
e e (e - sin (nx) sin (n+1)x sin (n+2)x
1)

| | |
Since,
cos (nx) + cos (n+2)x = 2cos (n+1)xcos x
eβα e2β2α -1

| |
β 2β 3β
e αe e e -1
e e
2α
e
3α
and sin (nx) + sin (n+2)x = 2sin (n+1)xcos x
γ 2γ 3γ
e e e
= + e
C1→C1 2cos x∙C2+C3
Applying -

| |
=

| | |
γ β
eαeβe 1α e β
11 eeα ee2α
2β

∴ ∆=
1 e 2β a2-2acos x+1 a 1
e γ 2γ
0 cos (n+1)x cos (n+2)x
- 1 e e
0 sin (n+1)x sin (n+2)x

| |
|
e2α

1 eαβ e2α γ
(2 )
2β
= 1 e e [eαeβe - 1] =
0
γ = a -2acos x+1 [cos (n+1)xsin (n+2)x
1 e e2γ -cos (n+2)x sin (n+1)x]
2
γ
= (a2-2acos x+1)sin x
1+ω+ω
(∵ e e e = e
α β
= e0 = 1)

8 ∴ ∆ is independent of n.

Applying C1→C1 + C2 + C3, we obtain 11

| | | |
1 -6 3 x+1 2x+1 3x+1
-x 1 3-x 3 = 0 Given 2x 4x+3 6x+3 = 0
1 3 -6-x 4x+4 6x+4 8x+4

|| [] | |
1 -6 3 Applying R →R -R 0 x 2x
,
⇒ - x 0 9-x 0 = 0 2 2 1
⇒2 2x 4x+3 6x+3 = 0
0 9 -9-x R3→R3-R1 2x+2 3x+2 4x+2

⇒ - x(9-x)(-9-x) = 0 ⇒x = 0, 9, -
9 [Using (R1→2R1 - R3)]

9
0 x 0

| log3 512 log4 3

||
×
log2 3 log8
|
⇒2 2x 4x+3 -2x-3 = 0
2x+2 3x+2 -2x-2 |
3
| log3 8 log4 9 log3 4 log3 4 [Using (C3→C3 - 2C2)]
= (log3 512×log4 9 - log4 3 log3 8)×(log2 3×log3 -log8 3×log3 4)
4
 ⇒ - 4x[2x2+2x-(2x+3)(x+1)] = 0
=
( log 512×log 9 - log 3×log 8
log
3 4
log log
4
log
3 ) ⇒ - 4x[2x2+2x-(2x2+5x+3)] = 0
×
(
log
log
2 3×log34×log83×log 34
log log log ) ⇒ 4x(3x+3) = 0

⇒x + 1 = 0 [ ∵ x ≠ 0 given]

() ( )
13
9 2
log 2 log 3 log log 22 log 22
3
2
= × × × -

| |
log 3 log 2 log 22
2
log 2 log 23 a b-y c-z

a-x b c-z =0
=
9×2 ( -
3
2 )( )
× 2-
2
=
3 4
15
2
×
= 10 a-x b-y c
2
3

| |
-x y 0
10 a b-y c-z
⇒ =0
P a g e 35
 (Using R2→R2 - R1 and R3→R3 - R2)
⇒∆ = 3(a+b)(3b2) = 9b2(a + b)
⇒a(yz) + x(bz-yz+cy-yz) = 0 16
⇒ayz + bzx + cyx = 2xyz Applying C1→C1 + C2,we get

| |
a b c
⇒ + + =2 2 cos2 θ 4sin 4 θ
x y z ⇒ 2 1+cos2 θ 4sin 4 θ = 0

14 1 cos2 θ 1+4sin 4 θ

We have,

p b c |
2 cos2 θ 4sin 4 θ
|
||
⇒0 1 0 = 0
a q c =0 2
1 cos θ 1+4sin 4 θ
a b r
[R2→R2 - R1]

| |
bp
c
⇒ a-p q-b 0 =
Applying R →R -R
0 b-q r-c and R →R -R
0 2 2 1
3 3 2
[ ] ⇒ (2 + 4sin 4 θ)=0

1 π
⇒ sin 4θ=- =-sin
p b c 2 6
p-a q-b r-c
⇒
-1
0
1
-1
0
1
= 0
⇒ 4 θ = nπ + (-1)n - ( ) π
6

∴ The value of θ between 0 and

π 7π
p b c will be and
⇒ p-a + q-b + r-c = 0 2 24
11
⇒
p
+ ( ) ( ) q
-1 +
r
-1 =0 π
24
p-a q-
r-c
b 17
p q r
⇒ + + =2 We have, a2 + b2 + c2 = 1
p-a q-b r-c i i i

15 and aiaj + + c cj = 0 for (i = 1,2,3)

j i
bib

| | | || |
2
We have, a a a a b c a b c

| |
1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1

∴ b1 b2 b3
a a+b a+2b
= a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2
∆ = a+2b a c1 c2 a3 c3 a3 b3 c3

|
a+b a+b c3 b3
a+2b a

|
a a +b b +c 1c2 a1 a3 +b1b3 +c 1c3

|
a12+b21+c21 a2 2+b12+c 2
a1 a3 +b1b3 +c 1c3
3a+3b a+b a+2b 1 2 2 3 2

⇒∆ = 3a+3b a a+b Applying = a2 a1 +b2b1 +c 2c1 a32+b23+c23

3 2 2 3 22
3a+3b a+2b a3 a1 +b3b1 +c 3c1

|
a

| a a +b b +c c

| | |
C1→C1 + C2 + C3 1 a+b a+2b

|
1 a+b a+2b
⇒∆ = 3(a+b) 1 a a+b
1 a+2b a
 1 0 0 0 0 1
= 0 1 0 =1
18
⇒∆ = 3(a+b) 0 -b -b We have,
b -2b
0 α = 2, β = 2 ω and γ = 2 ω2⇒α + β + γ = 0
Applying R2→R2-
R1 Now,
R3→R3-R1

P a g e 36
 |
α β γ
⇒|A| = ±1
β γ α
γ α β 25

||
α+β+γ β We have,

|
γ
= α+β+γ γ
α
Applying C1→C1 + C2 + C3 |
y+z x
y =
k(x+y+z)(x-z)2

| | |
α+β+γ α z+x z
x
β
x+y y

[∵α + β + γ =
0 β γ

|
= 0 γ α =0 2 1 1
+ z x (R1→R1 + R2 + R3)
0] LHS= (x+y+z) zx+yx y z
0 α β

19 |
1 1 1
= (x+y+z) x z x
x y z

|
a,b,c common from R1,R2,R3 respectively,

1
+1 (x+y+z){1(z2-xy) - 1(xz-x2) + 1(xy-xz)}
a a a
∴

| |
1 1
∆ = abc +1
Take +2
(x+y+z)(x-z)2 = k(x+y+z)(x-z)2 (given)
1 11 11 =
+1 +1 +3 =1
c c c

R1→R1 + R2 + R3 26

| |
Applying b b b ⇒
1 1 1
⇒k (2A) = 2 det (A) = 16det (A)
4
det
1 1 1
∆ = abc 3+ + + 1 1
( )
1+ 27
a b 1 b 2+ b b
c
∵ det (Mr)=r2-(r-1)2=2r-1
1 1 1
1+ 1+ 3+
∴ det (M )+det (M )+…+det
c c c
(M2008)
applying - C and C2→C2 - C1 1 2
Now, and on
2
C3→C3
expanding, we get = 1 + 3 + 5+ ….+4015

∆ = 2abc [ 1 1 1
3+ + + ] = =
2008
[2 + (2008-1)2]
0
a b c 2

∵ a ≠ 0, b ≠ 0, c ≠ 0 23

∴ a + b + c = -3 Given, A is a square matrix and AAT = I = ATA

-1 -1 -1

20 ⇒|AAT| = |I| = |ATA|

On expanding the given determinant, we obtain ⇒|A||AT| = I = |AT||A|

2 x3 + 2 x(ac-ab-bc) = 0⇒x = 0 ⇒|A|2 =1 [∵ |AT| = |A|]

 = 2008(2008) = (2008)2 ⇒log l=log A+(p-1)log

28 R m = ARq-1

Let A and R be the first term and common ratio ⇒log m=log A+(q-1)log R
respectively.

∴ l = ARp-1
and n = ARr-1

⇒log n = log A+(r-1)log R

P a g e 37
 |
log l p 1
Now, log m q
1
=
log A+(p-1)log R p 1
log A+(q-1)log R q 1
| ⇒
a b
b c
| aα+b
bα+c

0 0 -aα2-2bα-c
| =0

log A+( r-1) log R

| |
log n r 1 r 1
⇒ - (aα2+2bα+c)(ac+b2) = 0
On multiplying R1,R2and R3by (q-r),(r-
p)and (p-q)and adding R1 + R2 + R3, we ⇒b2 = ac
get
Hence, a,b, and c are in GP.
= (q-r+r-p+p-q).log A+{(q-r)(p-1)
33
+(r-p)(q-1) + (p-q)(r - 1)} log R
The system of equations
=0
kx + y + z = 1
29
x + ky + z = k
Since, the given matrix is singular.
x + y + k z = k2

[ ]
5 10 3
∴ -2 -4 6 =0 Is inconsistent,
-1 -2 b
if
⇒5(-4b+12) - 10(-2b+6) + 3(4-4) = 0

⇒ - 20b + 60 + 20b - 60 = 0
k 1 1
|
∆ = 1 k 1 = 0 and one of the ∆1,∆2∆3 is non-
1 1 k

|
⇒ 0(b) = 0 zero, where

| | | |
1 1 k 1 k 1 1
k k 1 ,∆ = 1 k k

∴ The given matrix is singular for any value of b

| |
∆ =1 1
1 2 = 1 k 1 ,∆3
k2 1 k 1 k2 k 1 1 k2
31

| |
We have, ∆ = (k+2)(k- 1
= -(k+1)(k-1)2
n n+2 n+3
x x x
Given, n n+2 n+3 = -k(k-1)2, = (k+1)2(k-
y y y ∆2 3

n n+2 n+3
z z z
Clearly, for k = -2, we have
= (y-z)(z-x)(x - y)

( 1+1+1
) x y z
∆ = 0 and ∆ ,∆ ,∆ are non-zero. Therefore,

1 2 3
k = -2
The degree of determinant
34
= n + (n+2) + (n+3) = 3n + 5
We have,
and the degree of RHS=2

∴ 3n + 5 = 2⇒n = -1
|
a a+b a+b+c
3a 4a+3b 5a+4b+3c
=
∆ 6a 9a+6b 11a+9b+6c
32
a b aα+b Applying R2→R2 - 3R1, R3→R3 - 2R2
Since ,
0
| b c bα+c =

|
a a a+b+c
|
 aα+b bα+c 0 = 0 a 2a+b
0 a a+b
Applying R3→R3 - (αR1 +
R2) = a[a2 + ab - 2a2 - ab]

= -a3 = i ( ∵ a = i, given)

35
P a g e 38
 |
a+b b+c

| |
cos C sin A 0
c+a LHS= b+c 1
c+a a+b c+a = cos sin B 0 -sin
a+b b+c A A

|
The determinant can be written sum of
2×2×2 = 8 determinants of which 6 are
reduces to zero because of their two rows are
=
1
0 sin B
{sin Asin Bcos C-sin Asin Bcos C}
cos A
cos C

identical.

|
= 0

∴
a b c
LHS=2 b c a 39
c a b
36
C3→C3
| Applying
- C ,we get

|
1

α -β ∆ =
0 1 α α2-

|
0 α = 0⇒α3 - β3 =

|
0 1 cos (p-d)a cos pa 0
β
sin (p-d)a sin pa 0
β q
(
x3
α
) α

⇒ = 1⇒ is one of the cube roots of unity. = (α2-1){ - cos pa sin (p-d)a + sin pacos (p-d)a}
β β

37 = (α2-1)sin {-(p-d)a+pa}

Applying R3→R3 - α R1 - R2, we ⇒ ∆ = (α2-1)sin da

| |
get b c a α+b Which is independent of p.
∆= c d c α+d 40
0 0 a α3+b α2+c α+d

⇒∆ = (a α3 + b α2 + c α + d)(bd -
c2)

∴∆ = 0
Let ∆ = bω
| a

cω2
bω2
c
aω
aω
bω2
c

⇒ either b,c,d are in G.P. or α is a root of

Applying C3→C3 - ωC1

| |
3 3
ax + bx + cx + d = 0
a bω2 0

||
38 = bω c 0
cω2 aω 0
We have,
= 0

cos C tan A 0
42
sin B 0 -tan
A x b

|
0 sin B cos C We have, ∆1 = b = x3 - 3abx + ab2 + a2b
a x

|
cos Ccos A sin A 0 b
a a x

|
=
1
sin Bcos A 0
|
-sin A ⇒
d
∆ 3(x -ab) and
∆ = 2
= |x b| = x - ab
2
 cos2 A
0 sin B cos C dx 1
2 a x

∴
d

[
Applying R1→R1cos A

R
2→R 2cos A ] 43
dx
(∆ ) = 3(x2-ab) = 3∆
1 2

cos2 θ cos θsin θ -

Given f(θ) = sinθ cos θsin θ

|
θ
sin θ
sin2 θ

-cos θ
cos

|
P a g e 39
 |
= cos2 θ(0+cos2 θ)-cos θsin θ(0-sin θcos 2 3 3
θ) = 3 3 2
2 3
3 2 3
-sin θ(-cos θsin θ-sin θ)

= cos4 θ+2sin2 θcos2 θ+sin4 θ

= cos4 θ+sin2 θcos2 θ+sin2 θ

|
= 2(9-4) - 3(9-6) + 3(6-9)

= 10 - 9 - 9 = -8

47
= cos2 θ(cos2 θ+sin2 θ)+sin2 θ=1
∴ For all, θ, f(θ) = 1 AB = [32 50][10 ]
17= [3 1
]
-10 2 34

44
⇒ |AB| =
[23 341 = 100
Given that C = 2cos
θ 48 ]
| |
C1 0
and ∆ = 1 C 1 = C(C2-1) - 1(C - Given that,

| |
6) 1 2 3
6 1 C

6) ( ∵ C = 2cos θ)
∆ = 2cos θ(4cos2 θ-1)-(2cos θ- ∆= 2 5 7
3 9 13

Appl ying
R1→R1 + 2R3
3
⇒ ∆ = 8cos θ-4cos

| |
θ+6 45 29
∆ = 27 5 7

| |
We have, 3 20
9 13
sin x cos x tan x
⇒ ∆ = ∆'
f(x) =
x3 x2 x 49
2x 1 1

| | |
sin x 2 2
2xy xy2 2xy
y2
f(x) x
⇒ =
x 2
x
2
x x tan
x
2
x
cos = 2xy(x2y2-4x2y2) - x2(x4-2xy3)
2 1 1

| |
sin x +y2(2x3y - y4)

f(x) cos x tan x

x = -6x3y3 - x6 + 2x3y3 + 2x3y3 - y6

||
⇒ 2 =
x x x 1
2 x1 1 = -(x6 + y6 +
2x3y3)

⇒lim
x→0 x2
|
f(x) = 01 01 01 =-1(1-

2 1 1 50
=
-(x3+y3)
2

46

| |
We have,
[π2-
[e]
6]
[π]
(
1 1 1
∆ = abc 1+ a + b + c )
∴ ∆ = 0⇒ + +
[π] [π2-6] [e] 1 1 1
= -1
a b c
51

P a g e 40
 | |
b2c2 bc b+c x+1 x+2 x+a
2 2
ca ca c+a x+2 x+3 x+b
a2b2 ab a+b x+3 x+4 x+c

|| |
|
On multiplying R ,R ,R3 by a,b,c respectively and 1 2x+1
x+4 2x+2
x+6 2 x+2 b [Applying R 2→2 R ]2
= 2

x+a
1 2
x+2 x+4 x+c

| |
divide the whole by abc x+1 x+2 x+a
1

| |
ab2c2 abc a(b+c) = [Applying -(R + R )]
R

1 0 0 0
= abc 2 2 1 3
2 2
bc a bca b(c+a) x+2 x+4 x+c
2 2
abc abc c(a+b) = 0

On taking common abc from C1and C2, we

54
get

y y-z z-x y-z z-x

| | | | |
a-b b-c
p-r c- 0 b-c c-a 0
(abc)(abc) bc 1
1 bc+ab
ab+ac p-q r-p 0 q-r r-p
= ab 1 ca+bc
ca x- = 0 =
abc

|
a

Now, C1→C1 + C3 (C1→C1 + C2 + C3)

ab+bc+ca 1 ab+ac

|
55
= abc ca+bc+ab 1 bc+ab
ab+bc+ca 1
ca+bc | a-b+c –a-b+c
a+b+2c –a+b+2c
1
2
|
| |
11 3c 3c 3
ab+ac

| |
= (abc)(ab + bc + ca) 1 1 bc+ab 2a -2a 0
1 1 ca+bc a+b+2c –a+b+2c 2
= 0 [ ∵ two columns are 3c 3c 3
identical]
[using R1→R1 + R2 - R3]
52

|
We

|
1+a 1 1 = 2a(-3a+3b+6c-6c) + 2a(3a + 3b + 6c - 6c)
have,
1 1+b =
= 12ab
1
λ
1 1 1+c

Applying C2→C2
- C1 and C3→C3 - C1 56

1+a -a -a ⇒1 b 0 =λ
 1 0 c Ratio of cofactor to its minor of the element -3,
which is in the 3rd row and 2nd column
= (-1)3+2 = -1
On expanding w.r.t. R3, we get
57
ab + bc + ca + abc = λ ...
We have,
-1 -1 -1
(i) Given a + b + c = 0

| |
= x+ω2 1
1 + 1 + 1 = x+1 ω ω2
2
a b c0 1 x+ω
∆ ω
⇒ab + bc + ca = 0 ω
x+1+ω+ω2 x+ω+ω2+1 x+1+ω+ω2

|
From Eq. (i), λ = ⇒Δ ω x+ω2 1
=
abc ω2 1 x+ω
53
[Applying R1→R1 + R2 + R3]
We have,

P a g e 41
 | |
⇒∆ = (x+1+ω+ω2) 1

| |
x+ω2 1 A 1+sin B 1+sin C
1 1 1 1 1
sin A+sin A sin B+sin B sin C+sin2 C 0
2 2

ω 1+sin =

x+ω2-ω 1-ω A sin B sin C

| |
=x

| |
1 0 0 1 1 1
sin A+sin2 A sin B+sin2 B sin C+sin2 C 0
⇒∆ ω ⇒ sin =

⇒∆ = x[(x+ω2-ω)(x+ω-ω2) - (1 - ω)(1 - Applying R2→R2 - R1

ω2)]

∴ ∆ = 0⇒x = 0 A sin B sin C 0 Applying

| |
12 12 12
59 sin A sin B sin C
⇒ sin =
Applying C2→C2 - C1 and C3→C3 - C1 to the given R3→R3 - R2
determinant and expanding it along first now,
we get ⇒(sin A-sin B)(sin B-sin C)(sin C-sin A) = 0

⇒(sin B-sin A)(sin C-sin A) ⇒sin A=sin B or,sin B=sin C or,sin C=sin A

|
1 1 ⇒∆ABC is
× = 0
1+sin B+sin A 1+sin C+sin A
isosceles 62
⇒
|( sin B-sin A)(sin C-sin A)(sin C-sin B) = 0
We have,

|
⇒sin B=sin A orsin C=sin A orsin C=sin B
1 sin θ 1
⇒A = B or B = C or C = A det (A)= -sin θ 1 sin θ =2(1+sin2 θ)
-1 -sin θ 1
⇒∆ABC is

isosceles 60 Now,

|
|| |
2
r-1
3
r-1
4
r-1 0 ≤ sin2 θ≤1 for all θ ∈ [0,2 π)
We have, Dr = x y z ⇒2 ≤ 2 + 2sin2 θ ≤ 4 for all θ ∈ [0,2 π)
n n n
2 -1 (3 -1)/2 (4 -1)/3

|
⇒Det (A) ∈ [2,4]
n n n

∑4
n

⇒ ∑D = ∑x ∑y3
r-1 r- r-1
2 r=1 63
r
1 z 5
r=1 r=1

| |
2n-1 n
-1)/2 (4n-1)/3
(3r=1 ∆= π
5

||
n 2n-1 (3n-1)/2 (4n- log10 10 5 e
1
∑1)/3
D= r
y z
Let log e e 5
⇒ x

| | | |
r=1

( ∵ loga a=1)
1 5 1 1
2n-1 (3n-1)/2 (4n-1)/3 ⇒∆= 1 5 5 =5 1 1 5
∑n D =0 (∵ two rows are same) 1 5 1 1 e

e
= 0 ( ∵ two columns are identical)
r=1 r

61
64
We have,
Applying C1→C1 + C2 + C3, we get

P a g e 42
 |
1+a2x+x+xb2+x+c2x (1+b2)x (1+c2)x 67

| |
f(x) = x+a x+1+b x+x+c x
2 2 2
(1+b2x) (1+c2)x
We have,
x+a2x+x+b2x+1+c2x (1+b2)x (1+c2x)

|
AA-1 = I
1 (1+b 2)x (1+c 2)x
= 1 1+b2x (1+c2)x ⇒det (AA-1)=det (I)
1 (1+b2)x 1+c2x
⇒det (A)det (A-1)=1
[ ∵ a2 + b2 + c2 + 2 = 0] ∵det (A B)=det (A)det (B)

Applying R1→R1 - R3, R2→R2 - R3

[ and,det (I)=1

)]
| |
0 0 x-1 1
⇒det (A-1 =
= 0 1-x x-1 det (A)
1 (1+b )x 1+c2x = 1[0 - (x-1)(1-x)]
2

68
(x-1)2 We have,

⇒f(x) is a polynomial of degree 2

| |
65 1+a1x 1+b1x 1+c1x
1+ax 1+bx 1+cx
1+a2x 1+b2x 1+c2x
Since system of equations is consistent.

|
∴ 2 -1 -c =
1 1 -1 1+a x (b -a )x (c -a

| |
1+ax (b-a)x (c-a)x
0 -b 3b -c )1+a
x 2x (b2-a2)x (c2-

|
⇒c + bc - 6b + b + 2c + 3bc = 0 = a )x1
2
1 1 1 1
Applying C2→C2 - C and C3→C3 - C1

|
1

⇒3c + 4bc - 5b = 0
1+ax b-a c-a
5 = x 1+a1x b1-a1 c1-
2
⇒c =
3+4b a1 1+a x b -a

|
c -a
2 2 2 2 2
5b
But c < 1⇒ < 1 =
x2
3+4b [(1+ax){(b1-a1)(c2-a2)-(b2-a2)(c1-a1
b-3 = x2(λ x+μ), where λ and μ are constants
⇒ 3+4b < 0

= μ x2 + λ x3
⇒b ∈ ( )
- 3, 3
4 Hence, A0 = A1 = 0

66
69

| |
Applying R2→R2 - R3, we get
a -1 0
1 1 1 f(x) = ax a -1

|
4 4 4 2
ax ax a
(2 -2 )
x -x 2
(3 -3-x)2
x
(5 -5
x

-x 2
) |
Applying R3→R3 - xR2
 | |
| |
1 1 1
= 4 1 1 1 a -1 0
f(x) = ax a -1 = (a+x)(a2 + ax)
(2x-2-x)2 (3x-3-x)2 (5x-5-x)2 0 0 a+x

= 4×0 = 0 [ ∴ two rows are identical]

P a g e 43
 ⇒f(x) = a(a+x)2 ⇒1(0+18) - 1(2x-15) = 29

∴ f(2x) = a(a+2x)2 ⇒2x = 4 ⇒ x = 2

⇒f(2x) - f(x) = ax(2a + 3x) 74

70 Applying C1→C1 + C2, we get

| |
-12 0
λ sin2 x cos2 x 1 1 cos2 x 1
=-360
0 2 -1 cos x2 2
sin x = 1 sin2 x 1 = 0
2 1 15

| |
1

|
⇒ - 12(30+1) - 4λ = -360 -10 12 2 2 12 2
12 75
⇒ - 372 + 360 = 4 λ ⇒ λ = - =-
3 Since, |A| = -1, |B| = 3
4

∴ |AB| = |A||B| = -3
71

Let A =

| 1
1

ω
ω2
ω
ω
ω2
2
1 | 1+ω+ω2
= 1+ω+ω2 ω2
1+ω+ω 2
ω

1
ω2
1
ω
77
Now, |3AB| = (3)3(-3) = -81

Applying C3→C3 - αC1 + C2 to the given

|
ω

|
[C1→C1 + C2 + C3 determinant, we get

|
0 ω ω2
= 0 ω2
o 1
1 = 0
ω 0]
[ ∵ 1 + ω + ω2 =
|
a b
b c
0
0
2 1 -2α+1
|
= (1-2α)(ac - b2)

|
72 So, if the determinant is zero, we must have

|
Applying
C1→C1 (1-2α)(ac-b2) = 0
+ C2, we get ⇒ 1 - 2α = 0

C4+
10 C5
10 10 C5 11 Cm
11C6+ C7
11 12 Cm+2 = 0 or (ac-b2) = 0
11C
7
12C + 12C 12 C9 13 Cm+4
8 9 1
⇒α or ac = b2

|
= 2
11 C5 C5
10 Cm
11

⇒
| C7
12

13 C9
11

12
C7
C9

It means either two rows or two columns

12

13
Cm+2 = 0
Cm+4
78
Which means a, b, c are in GP.

are identical.
We
have,
x 3 7
2 x 2 =0
7 6 x
|
∴

|
11 C5 = 11 Cm, 12 C7 = 12 Cm+2, 13C9 = Cm+4
13 ⇒ m=5
1 1 1
⇒(x+9) 2 x 2
 7 6 x = 0 (R1→R1 + R2 + R3)

73
⇒(x+9){1(x2-12)-1(2x-14)+1(12-7x)} = 0

|
1 1 0
Given, 2 0 3 = 29 ⇒(x+9)(x2-9x+14) = 0
5 -6 x
⇒ (x+9)(x-2)(x-7) = 0

∴ The other two roots are 2 and 7.

P a g e 44
 79

|
1 2 3
Let A = 13 23 33 =

|
a-x c b

| | |
Let A ≡ c b-x a = 0 1 52 5 3
5
1 2 3
1.2.3 2 2 2
b a c-x 1 2 3

| | |
1 1 1 1 0 04 4 4
1 2 3
1 4 9 = 61 3 5

Applying C1→C1 + C2 + C3 =
6 |
|
a+b+c-x c b [C 2→C 2- C 1, C 3→C 3- C 2]
b-x a
= a+b+c-x

|
|
a+b+c-x c-x
1 0 0

||
1 c b = 6.3.5 1 1 1 = 90[1(13-5)] = 720 = 6!
a

= (a + b + c - x) 1 b-x a 1 5 13
1 a c-x

∵
⇒ 82
( ) |A | = |A|
3 3
= 125
a+b+c-x
[1{(b-x)(c-x)-a2}-c(c-x-a)+b(a-b+x
[2 α = 5
α 2
⇒
= 0

⇒
(a+b+c-x)
] - 4 = 5 ⇒ α = ±3
⇒α 2

[bc-bx-cx+x2-a2-c2+xc+ac+ab-b2+ 84
= 0 Given, angles of a triangle are A, B and C. We know
that A + B + C = π, therefore
⇒ (a+b+c-x)[x2-(a2+b2+c2)+ab+bc+ca] = 0

∵ ab + bc + ca = 0 (given)
A + B = π-C

⇒cos (A+B)=cos (π-C)=-cos C

⇒
1/2
either x = a + b + c or x = (a2+b2+c2) ⇒cos Acos B-sin Asin B=-cos C

⇒cos Acos B+cos C=sin Asin B …(i)

80

We have,

| |
∆= C -1 cos A
-1 cos C cos B
cos B cos A -1

| |
x-1 1
x-1 1 1 Let cos
1 1 x-1 0
1 =

|
x+1 1 1
⇒ x+1 x-1 1 = 0 [Applying C1→C1+C2+C3] = -(1
x+1 1 x- -

|
1 cos2 A)+cos C(cos C+cos Acos B)+
1

|
1 x-1 11
⇒(x+1) 1 1 x-1 = 0
= -sin2 A+cos C(sin Asin B)+cos B(sin Asin C)
1

|] [
1 [from Eq.(i)]

|
1 x-2 10 Applying R →R -R
0 x-2
,
 ⇒(x+1) 0 = 0 2 2 1
= -sin2 A+sin A(sin Bcos C+cos Bsin C)
0 R3→R3-R1
= -sin2 A+sin A sin (B+C)
⇒(x+1)(x-2)2 = 0
= -sin2 A+sin2 A=0
[ ∵ sin (B+C)=sin (π-A)=sin
⇒x = -1, 2

81 A] 85

We have,

P a g e 45
 | | ∴ A3 - 4A2 + 3A + I = (1)3 - 4(1)2 + 3(1) + I
a2+x ab ac
∆= ab 3
b +x bc = I
ac bc c2+x

|
88

⇒∆ =
1 a3+ax
ab ab2
c
ac2
a2b

bc
3
b +bx
2 3
c +cx
a2c
bc 2

| |
1
Let ∆ = 2 sin x+2x sin y+3y
3 cos x+3x cos y+3y
x y
|
[ ] | |(
Applying
(b)C, 1C(a), 1 x y

)
3
(c) R2→R2-2R1,
= 0 sin x sin y
C2

|
R3→R3-3R1
a2+x a 2
a2 0 cos x cos
y

⇒∆ =
| b2
c2
b2+x
c2
||
b2
c2+x
89 |
= sin x cos y - cos x sin y = sin (x-y)

|
1 1 1
⇒∆ 2 2 2
= (a2+b2+c2+x) b b +x b We 1
a3+ax a2b a2c
have, ∆ = ab2 b3+bx b2c
c2 c2 c2+x abc
c2a c2b c2+xc
[Applying R1→R1 + R2 + R3]

⇒∆ Taking a, b,c common in columns Ist, IInd and

|
= (a2+b2+c2+x){(b2 x+c2x+x2) IIIrd, we get,
-(b2x) + ( - c2

|
a2+x a2 a2
x)} ∆= b2 b2+x b2
⇒∆ = x2(a2+b2+c2+x) c2 c2 c2+x
2
⇒x is a factor ∆
Applying R1→R1 + R2 + R3

| |
86
1 1 1

| x+1 x+2 x+3 =

Given x+2 x+3 x+4 = 0 (a2 + b2 + c2 + x) b b +x
2 2
b
2

that,

| |
x+a x+b x+c c2 c2 c2+x
Applying C2→C2 - C1, C3→C3 - C1

| (
- 11 -1
-1 x+4 C →C -C
0 →C -C 1 1 0
1 1 2
⇒ - =

a-b b-c x+c

x+3
| )
C
2 2 3
= (a2 + b2 + c2 + x) b x 0
2

|
0 0 -1 c2 0 x

|
⇒ -1 -1 x+4 = 0 (R →R - R )
a-b b-c x+c
1 1 2

= x(x-b2)(a2 + b2 + c2 + x)
⇒(-1)(-b+c+a-b) = 0 ⇒ a + c = 2b

⇒2b - a - c = 0 ∴ a,b,c in AP.

 Hence, option (d) bc ca ab
is correct. ca ab bc
ab bc
90 ca
87

|
1 0 0
Given, A = x 1 0 ⇒A = 1
x x 1
Given,| |
⇒(ab)3 + (bc)3 + (ca)3 - 3a2b2c2 = 0
=0
⇒(ab+bc+ca)(a2b2 + b2c2 + c2a2 - ab2c

-bc2a - ca2b) = 0
P a g e 46
 ⇒ ab + bc + ca = 0

| |
1 cos (β-α) cos ((γ-α)
= cos (α-β) 1 cos γ-
⇒1 + 1 + =0 cos (α-γ) cos (β-γ) 1
a b c
1
cos (β-α) cos (γ-α)
∴ cos (α+β)
91 1
1 cos (γ-β) =

|
1 2(x-1) 3(x-1)(x-2) 0 cos (α-γ) cos (β-γ) 1

x |
Given, f(x) = x-1 (x-1)(x-2) (x-1)(x-2)(x-3)
x(x-1) x(x-1)(x-2) 95 |
|
= (x-1)(x-1)(x - 2) x-1 x-2 x-3
x x x
1 2 3
| ||
Given 2 x 2 =0
, 7 6 x
x37
|
Applying C →C - C , C →C - C
⇒x(x2-12) - 3(2x-14) + 7(12-7x) = 0
1 1 2 2 2 3

|
-1 -1 3
⇒x3 - 67x + 126 = 0
(x-1) (x - 2) 1 1 x-3
2
= 0 0 x
⇒(x+9)(x2-9x+14) = 0
= (x-1) (x-2)x(-1+1) =0
2

⇒(x+9)(x-2)(x-7) = 0
⇒f(x) = 0

∴ f(49) = 0
⇒x = -9, 2, 7

Hence, the other two roots are 2,

92
7 96
1+bx

|
Given that, 1+a
1+ax
x 1+b1x 1+c1x From the sine rule, we have

|
1

1+a2x 1+b2x 1+c sin A sin B sin C

1+cx2x ⇒ = = = k(say),
a b c
= A + A x + A x2 + A x3
0 1 2 3 ⇒sin A=ak,sin B=bk andsin C=ck
On putting x = 0 on both sides, we get

| |
a2 bsin A csin A
∴ bsin A
|
1 1
1
1 1
=
A0
1
csin A cos (B-C)
cos (B-C)
1

|
1
1 1

⇒A = 0

| |
a2 abk ack
0
= abk 1 cos (B-C)
94 ack cos (B-C) 1

| |
We have, 1 sin B sin C

|
cos γ
0
sin γ
|
cos α sin α 0 cos α sin α 0
cos β sin β 0 cos β sin β 0
0 cos γ sin γ
= a2 sin B
sin C cos (B-C)

1
1 cos (B-C)
1

sin (A+C) sin (A+B)

= a2 sin (A+C) 1 cos (B-C) 1

| | |
sin (A+B) cos (B-C)
sin A cos A 0 sin A cos A 0
= a2 cos C sin C cos C sin C = a2×0
0 cos B 0 cos B
sin B sin B
0 0
= 0
P a g e 47
 | |
97 3x-8 3 3
3 3x-8 3 = 0

| |
1 1 1
3 3 3x-8

| |
Given, D = 1 1+x 1
1 1 1+y 3x-2 3 3
⇒ 3x-2 3x-8 3 = 0 Applying
Applying C →C - C and C →C - C

| |
3x-2 3 3x-8
2 2 3 3 1
C1→C1 + C2 + C3

| |
100
= 1 x 0 = xy 1 3 3
1 0 y ⇒(3x-2) 1 3x-8 3 = 0
1 3 3x-8

| |
Hence, D is divisible by both x and y.
1 3 3
⇒(3x-2) 0 3x-11 0 = 0
98
0 0 3x-11
Taking x common from R and x(x- Applying R2→R2-
2
1)common from R3,we get R1, R3→R3-R1

2 |x 1
(x+1) f(x)
= x (x - 1) 2 (x-1) (x+1)
3 (x-2) (x+1)
⇒(3x-2)(3x-11)2 = 0

⇒x = 2/3, 11/3

| |
101

| |
1 x 1 α xhave,
We xx
⇒f(x) = x (x-1)(x + 1) 2 x-1 1
2

3 x-2 1
xβxx

| | [| ]
1 x 1 R →R -R
(
2 2
)
= x x -1 1 -1 0
2 -2 xxγ

| |
R32→R32-R11
0 xxx
xδ
⇒f(x) = x2(x2-1)(-2+2) = 0
x-α x-
α -(x- x-
β) α α

|
⇒ f(x) = 0for all x = x 0 0
∴
|
x 0 -(x- 0
f(11) = 0 γ) -(x-δ)
x
0 0

-(x-β) 0 0
99 = α 0 -(x-γ) 0
0 0 -(x-δ)

| |
Applying R2→R2 - R1,R3→R3 - R1,we get x-α x-α x-α

| 1 4
0 -6
15
-
20
=0
|
-x 0
0
-(x-γ)
0
0
-(x-δ)

0 2x-4 5x2-20

⇒1[-6(5x2-20)+15(2x-4)] = 0 0
|
x-α x-α x-α
+x -(x-β) 0
x-α
0 - x -(x-β)
0 -(x- 0
x-α
0
-(x-γ)
|| x-α

0
0

|
δ)
We have,
⇒x2 - x - 2 = 0

⇒(x-2)(x+1) = 0

⇒ x = -1, 2

100
=- (x-δ) - (x - α)(x - = -α(x-β)(x-γ)(x-δ) + x(x - β)(x - γ)(x - δ)
α (x γ)(x - δ)
-β) -x(x-β)(x-γ)(x-δ) - x(x - α)(x - γ)(x - δ)
(x- -x(x-α)(x-β)(x-
γ) δ) - x(x - α)(x - -x(x-α)(x-β)(x-δ) - x(x - α)(x - β)(x - γ)
β)(x - γ)

P a g e 48
 | [
= (x-β)(x-γ)(x-δ)(x-α) - x[(x-α)(x-β)(x-γ) x 3 2 x 7 4 5 x
+(x-β)(x-γ)(x-δ)
+(x-γ)(x-δ)(x-α) + (x - α)(x - β)
(x |
6
3 6
= x 7 2 = 5 x 4 =0
7 2 x x 4 5

|
x
6 x
3
=
|
= f(x) - xf'(x), where,
-δ)]
3
6
|
⇒ x+9 x+9 x+9
6
x
x
3
9+x
x
7
x+9 9+x
7
2
2
x

102
f(x) = (x - α)(x - β)(x - γ)(x -
δ) |[
=
9+x 9+x 9+x
5
x
x
4
4 = 0
5
1 a b

1 b c
|
Given 1 c a = 0 ] |1 0 0
⇒(x+9) 3 3 x-3
6 x-6 -3
= (9 + x)
1 0 0
x 7-x 2-x
7 -5 x-7
|
|
⇒c2 - ab - a(c-a) + b(b-c) = 0

⇒a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ca = 0
= (9 +
x)
||1 0 0
5 x-5 -1
x 4-x 5-x
|
|
1
⇒ [(a - b) 2 + (b-c)2 + (c-a)2] = 0
2
= 0
⇒a = b = c ⇒x + 9 = 0 ⇒x = -9

So,∆ABC is equilateral triangle. 106

∴ ∠A = 60°, ∠B = 60°, ∠C = 60° The given system of equations will have a unique
sin2 A+sin2 B+sin2 C=sin2 60°+sin2 60°+sin2 60° solution, if

( ) ( ) ( |
2 2
3 3 3 k 2 -
=2 + +

|
≠ 0⇒k(k-1)(k+2) ≠ 0⇒k ≠ 0,1,
) 1
0 k-1 -
2
2 2 2 0 0 k+2
-2
= 3 9
3× = 10
8
4 4

104
|a b-y c-z
a-x b c-z = 0

|
1 n 2n a-x b-y c
ω ω

|
Given that, ∆ = ω2n 1 ωn Applying R2→R2 - and R3→R3 - R2

|
ωn ω2n 1 R1

|
a b-y c-z
Applying C1→C1 + C2 + C3 ⇒ -x y 0 = 0

| |
1+ωn+ω2n ωn 0 -y z

|
ω2n
= 1+ωn+ω2n 1 ⇒a(yz) + x(bz-yz+cy-yz) = 0
ωn ⇒ayz + bzx + cyx = 2xyz
1+ωn+ω2n ω2n 1
 | |
n
0 ω a b c

2n
ω
= 0 1 ⇒ + + =2
ωn x y z

0 ω2n 1 10
9
( ∵ If n multiple of 3, then 1 + ωn + ω2n = 0)

| |
Given,
= 0 1 cos (α-β) cos
α cos (α-β) 1 cos is symmetric
105
β
cos α cos β 1

P a g e 49
 determinant. 111

∴ Its value is Applying R1→R1 + R2 + R3 and taking common

(a + b + c) from R1,we get
1 + 2cos (α-β)cos αcos β

-cos2 α-cos2 β-cos2 (α-β)

2
= 1 - cos α-cos β-cos (α- 2
1

2c
1
= (a + b + c) 2b b-c-a
0
| 1
0
c-a-b
|
Applying C2→C2 - C1 and C3→C3 - C1,
β) [cos (α-β) - 2cos αcos β]

= 1 - cos2 α - cos2 β-cos (α-β)

[cos (α-β)-cos (α+β)-cos (α-β)]

1

2c
0
= (a + b + c) 2b -b-c-a
0
| 0
-2b
-a-b-c
|
= (c+b+c)[(-b-c-a)(-a-b-c)]
= 1 - cos2 α-cos2 β+cos (α-β)cos (α+β)
= (a+b+c)3
2 2 2 2 2 2
= 1 - cos α-cos β+cos αcos β-sin αsin β
112
2 2 2 2 2
= 1 - cos α-cos β(1-cos α)-sin αsin β We know that

= (1 - cos2 α)(1-cos2 β)-sin2 αsin2 β |AB| = |A||B|

= sin2 αsin2 β-sin2 αsin2 β=0 ⇒AB = 0

110 ⇒|AB| = 0
We have,
⇒|A||B| = 0

⇒either |A| = 0 or, |B| = 0

|
= C 2sin Bcos B sin A
2sin Acos A sin C sin B
sin B sin A 2sin Ccos C
∆ 113
sin

⇒∆ = 2kacos A
| |
kc
| The given system of equations will have a unique
kb kc [Using: solution, if

| |
2kbcos B 1 1 1
ka
kb ka 2kccos C
Sine rule] 2 1 -1 ≠ 0⇒k ≠ 0

|
3 2 k
2acos A c b

⇒∆ = k3 c
b
|
2bcos B
a
a
2ccos C
114

∴a1,a2.,...,an.are in GP.
⇒∆ ⇒a
,a + 2,a ,… are also in GP.
= k3 n n n+4

|
acos A+acos A acos B+bcos A
acos B+bcos A bcos B+bcos B Now,
n+2
)2 = an.an+4
(a ccos A+acos C bcos C+ccos B
 ⇒2log (an+2)=log an+log an+4

|
⇒∆ = k3 cos
cosAB b

|| | |
Similarly, 2log (an+8)=log an+6+log an+10

|
a 0 a cos
cos A
B 0
0

b a log an+2 log an+4

log n
cos C c 0 c cos C 0 Now, ∆ = log an+6 log an+8 log

⇒∆ = k3×0×0 = 0 an+10 log an+12 log an+14

log an+16

P a g e 50
 C2→2C2 -
Applying
C1 - C3 ⇒1(c2-ab) - a(c-a) + b(b-c) = 0

|
log a 2log a -log a -log a log a ⇒a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ca = 0
n n+2 n n+4 n+4

log an+6 2log an+8-log an+6-log an+10 log an+10 ⇒ 2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 - 2ab - 2bc - 2ca = 0
log an+12 2log an+14-log an+12-log an+16 log an+16
⇒(a2+b2-2ab) + (b2+c2-2bc) + (c2+a2-2ca) = 0

⇒(a-b)2 + (b-c)2 + (c-a)2 = 0

|
log an 0 log an+4
Here, sum of squares of three numbers can be
= log an+6 0 log an+10 =0 zero, if and only, if a = b = c.
log an+12 0 log an+16
⇒ ∆ ABC is an equilateral triangle.

|
116
⇒ ∠A = ∠B = ∠C = 60°

∴
We have,

sin2 A+sin2 B+sin2 C=sin2 60°+sin

|
x (log x))
3
of x in 1+sin
(1+x cos2

Coefficient 1

|
x

x2 (1+x)2 0
(
3 3 3
= 4 +4 + 4 ) =4

| |
= coefficient of x in 122

(
|
3 2
x x x

)
1+x- +… 3 1- +…

|
3! 2! ∆(-x) = 3 f(-x)-f(x) cos4 x
= 2 3 f(-x)+f(x) 0 x
1 x- x + x … 2 x4 -2x f(-x)f(x)

| |
2 3
x2 1+2x+x2 0 f(x)+f(-x) 0 x4

| |
x 1 1 3 f(x)-f(-x) cos x = -∆(x)
x4 -2x f(x)f(-x)
= Coefficient of x in 1 x 2
x2 1 0
So, ∆(x) is an odd function.
= Coefficient of x in [x(0-2)-(0-2x2)+(1-x3)] = -2
⇒ x4∆(x) is an odd function
119 2

On putting x = 0 in the given equation, we get

⇒ ∫ x ∆(x)dx=0
-2
4

| |
1 2 0 123
g= 0 1 2 =9
2 0 1 cos (x-a) cos (x+a) cos x

|
sin (x+a) sin (x-
On differentiating given equation and then put

|
cos a tan x cos sin x
x = 0, we get
acot a)
x cosec 2x
f = -5

120

| |
sin(x+a)+sin (x-a) sin (x-a) sin x
cos (x-a)+cos (x-a) cos (x+a) cos x
cos a (tan x+cot x) cos acot x cosec 2x
In ∆ABC, 1 a b
given 1 c a =0
1 b c

P a g e 51
 | ( ) |
|| ||
2cos xcos a cos (x+a) cos x
b s μ
2sin xcos a sin (x-a) sin as λ
= r
1 c s γ
x tan2 x+1 ⇒ =
cos a cos acot x cosec 2x a 1 λ
tan x ∆

| |
⇒ 2b 1 μ = 0
r
cos x cos (x+a) cos x c 1 γ
0
= 2cos sin x sin =
a (x-a) sin x 0 Applying R1→R1-R2, R2→R2 - R3

125
[∵ two columns are identical]
⇒
r
∆
2 |
a-b 0 λ-μ
b-c 0 μ-γ = 0
c 1 γ

Since (x - k) will be common from each row which ∆

⇒ 0 [(2 b-c)(λ-μ)-(μ-γ)(a-b)] =
r
vanish by putting x = k. Therefore, (x-k) will be r
a factor of |A|
⇒b(λ-μ) - c(λ-μ) - a(μ-γ) + b(μ-γ) = 0
126
Putting x = 0 in the given determinant equation ⇒ - a(μ-γ) + b(λ-μ+μ-γ) - c(λ-μ) = 0
we get
⇒ - a(μ-γ) + b(λ-γ) - c(λ-μ) = 0

| |
0 -1 3
⇒a(μ-γ) + b(γ-λ) + c(λ-μ) = 0
a0 = 1 2 -3
-3 4 0 129

= 1(0-9) + 3(4+6)

= 30 - 9 = 21
x+2 x+3 x+a
Let ∆ = x+4 x+5 x+b
x+6 x+7 x+c
|
127
|
Applying C2→C2 - C1 ,we

| | |
A get x+2 1 x+a
a cot λ ∆ = x+4 1 x+b
2 x+6 1

Given, b cot B μ =
2
0
|
x+c

Applying R2→R2 - R and R3→R3 - R1

1
C
c cot
x+2 1 x+a

| |
⇒∆= 2 0 b-a

|
γ 4 0 c-a
2
s(s-a)

|
a
∆ = -1(2c - 2a - 4b + 4a)
λ

s(s-b)
⇒ b ∆ μ =0 ⇒ ∆ = 2(2b - c - a) …(i)
c s(s-c)
∆ γ Since, a,b,c are in AP.

∵cot =
[ ∴b =
A
a+c
s(s-a)
2 (s-a)(s-b)(s-c) s(s-a)
= ∆ ] ∴ ∆ = 2(a + c - c - a)
2
 | |
a s-a λ
⇒1
= 0 where r = = 0 [from Eq. (i)]
∆
b s-b μ
r s
c s-c
γ
130
Applying C2→C2 + C1

P a g e 52
 | |
( ) ( )
|
nπ nπ
cos (A-P) cos (A-Q) cos (A- n! sin 0+ cos 0+

|
cos (B-P) cos (B-Q) cos (B-R)
cos (C-P) cos (C-Q) R)
cos (C-R)
2 2
⇒[∆n(x)] x=0 =
() ()
n! nπ cos nπ
2
2
sin

| |
=

|
cos Acos P+sin Asin P cos Acos nπ a a2 a3
nπ

( ) ( )
cos Bcos P+sin Bsin P cos
Bcos cos Ccos P+sin Csin P n! sin cos
2 2
cos Ccos =
n! sin ( ) ( )
nπ
2
cos
nπ
2

| |
The determinants can be rewritten as 8 a a2 a3

= 0 ( ∵ R and
determinants and the value of each of these 8
determinants is zero. are identical)
1
R2
cos A cos A cos A 132

|
ie,cos Pcos Qcos R cos B cos B cos B =0
cos C cos C cos C 1 logx y logx z
Let, ∆ = logy x 1 logy z
Similarly, other determinants can be shown
logz x logz y 1
zero.
131
= 1(1-logz y logy z) - logx y(logy x-logy z logz x)

| |
xn sin x cos x +log z(log x log y - log x
x y z z

We have, ∆(x) = n! sinnπ nπ

cos
2 2 = (1 - z)-logx y(log x-logy z logz x)
logz y
a a2 a3 +logx z(logy xlogz y - logz x)

| |
(Since, log y log x = 1)
x
n n d
n
n = (1-1) - (1-logxyylogy x) + (logx zlogz x-1) =
dx
d x d
n
sin x
n ncos x 0
dx dx
( ) ()
n
d n[∆(x)] = nπ nπ
dx n! sin cos = 0 - (1-1) + (1-1) =
2 2 0
133
( ∵ Differentiation of R2 and R3 are zero)
2 3
a a a
Given determinant is

| |
( ) ( )nπ nπ

|
n! sin x+ cos x+
∆ = 15! 16! 17!
2 2 16!
17! 17!
18! 18!
19!
nπ nπ

( ) (
|
n! sin cos
2 2 Applying C2→C2 - C1, C3→C3 - C2
)a a2 a3
15! 15×15! 16×16!
∆ = 16! 16×16! 17×17!

|
17! 17×17! 18×18!

| |
1 15 16×16
= (15!)(16!)(17!) 1 16 17×17
1 17 18×18

Applying R1→R1 - R2,R2→R2 - R3

| |
0 -1 -33
= (15!)(16!)(17!) 0 -1 -35
1 17 18×18

=2×(15!)(16!)(17!)
P a g e 53
 | | |
1 2
134 = abc b2+c2 c2a+a
2
2
b2
a2
have,

11 1 1 abc b
We
12 3 4 2
0 -2 c -2

| || |
1 3 6 10 Applying R →R - (R + R )

|
b2
= b2 c2+a2 b2
1 4 10 20 1 1 2 3
c2 c2 a2+b2

111 2 2 1 = 4 a2b2c2

[ ]
112 3
0 Applying R →R -R ,
= 025 9

∴ ka2b2c2 = 4a2b2c2⇒k = 4
R →R3-R1,R4→R 4-R 1
0 3 9 19

|
3

1 2 3
= 2 5 9
137 We have,

|
3 9 19

| |[ ]
1 2
1 33 Applying R →R -2R , x

| |
y
0 3 10 R3→R3-3R1 z+x z x
= 0 2 2 1 y+z y z
x+y
= (10-9) = 1

135

The homogenous linear system of equations is

=
|
2(x+y+z)
z+x
x+y
x+y+z x+y+z
z
y
x
z |
Applying
R →R +R +R
1 1 2 3

|
consistent ie, possesses trivial solution, if 2 1 1

|
2 3 5 = (x+y+z) z+x z x
Δ≡ 1 k 5 ≠ 0 x+y y z
k -12 -14

|
0 1

0
|
⇒2(-14k+60) - 3(-14-5k) + 5( - 12 - k ) ≠ 2 = (x+y+z) 0 z
x
1
|Applying C1→C1 - C2 - C3

x-z y
⇒5k2 + 13k - 102 ≠ 0 z
Hence, the repeating factor is (z - x)
⇒(5k-17)(k + 6) ≠ 0

| |
13
17 8 4+x2 -6 -2
⇒k ≠ -6, 2
5 -6 9+x 3
-2 3 1+x2
136
We have, = (4+x2)[(1+x2)(9+x2) - 9]

|
+6[-6(1+x ) +6] - 2[ - 18 + 2(9 + x
2 2
b2+c2 ab ac
c +a2
2
bc )]

|
ab

ca cb a2+b2
a(b2+c2) a2b a2c
 = (4+x2)(10x2+x4) - 36x2 - 4x2 = 40x2 + 4x4 + 10x4 + x6 - 40x2
1
= abc ab2 b(c2+a2) b2c = x4(x2+14)
2 2
ca cb
c(a2+b2) Which is not divisible by x5.
[Applying R1→R 1(a),R 2↔R 2(b),R 3↔R (c)]
3
139

Since, for x = 0, the determinant reduces to the

determinant of a skew-symmetric matrix of odd

P a g e 54
 order which is always zero. Hence, x = 0 is the
solution of the given equation.
|
2(a+b+c) a
= 2(a+b+c) 2a+b+c
2(a+b+c) a
b
b
a+2b+c
|
|
140
b2+c2 a2 a2 1 a
| b
|
|
= 2(a+b+c) 1 2a+b+c b
b2 c2+a2 b2 1 a a+2b+c
2 2 2 2
c c a +b

|
0 -(a+b+c) 0

|| |
=2(a + b + c) 0 (a+b+c) -(a+b+c)
0 c2 b2 1 a a+2b+c
[R →R - (R +R )]

(
= -2 b c +a2
2 2
b2 R1→R1-R2

c2 c2 a2+b2 1 1 2 3

| |
R2→R2-R3
0 c2 b2

| |
0 -1 0

= -2 b
2
a
2
0 R2→R2-R1 = 2(a+b+c)3 0

(
1 -1
c2 0 a2 R3→R3-R1 1 a a+2b+c
= 2(a+b+c)3
= -2[-c2(b2a2-0)+b2(0-a2c2)]
143
= -2[-2a b c 2 2 2
] = 4a b c 2 2 2

Since, -1 ≤ x < 0

∴ [x] = -1
141

|
p b c
We have, p+a q+b 2c = 0
Also, 0 ≤ y < 1 ⇒[y] = 0
a b r

| | |
and 1 ≤ z < 2 ⇒[z] = 1

∴ Given determinant becomes

p b c p b c
⇒p b c + a q c =0

| |
a b r

|| |
a b r 0 0 1

p b c -1 1 = 1 = [z]
⇒0 + a q c = 0 1
-1 0
a b r 14

|
2
4

⇒p(qr-bc) - b(ar-ac) - c(ab-aq) = 0

For singular matrix,
⇒ - pqr + pbc + bar + acq = 0

On simplifying, we get [
-x x 2
2 x -x = 0
x -2 -x

]
p q r
+ + =2 Applying C2→C2 + C1, C3→C3 + C1

|
p-a q-b r-c
142 -x 0 2-x
⇒ 2 2+x 2-x = 0

| |
a+b+2c a x x-2 0

| b Let ∆ =
2a+b+c
c
c
b
a a+2b+c | -x
⇒(2 - x) 2 2+x
0 1
|
1 = 0
x x-2 0
Applying C1→C1 + C2 + C3
Applying R2→R2 - R1
 |
-x 0 1
⇒(2-x) 2+x 2+x 0 = 0
x x-2 0

P a g e 55
 | |
-x 0 1
x -6 -1
⇒(2 - x)(2+x) 1 1 0 = 0 ⇒ 5 -5x -5 = 0 (R2→R2 - R3)
x x-2 0 -3 2x x+2

| |||
⇒(2-x)(2+x)(x-2-x) = 0 x -6 -1

⇒5 1 -x -1 = 0
⇒x = 2, - 2 -3 2x x+2

∴ Given matrix is non - singular for all x other ⇒x(-x2-2x+2x) - 1(-6x-12+2x) - 3(6-x) = 0
than 2 and - 2.
⇒ - x3 + 7x - 6 = 0
146
⇒x3 - 7x + 6 = 0

|
a a+1 a-1
|
1
a+1 b+1 c-1
-b b+1 b-1 + (- a-1 b-1 c+1 ⇒(x-1)(x-2)(x+3) = 0
c c-1 c+1 1)n a -b c
⇒x = 1, 2, - 3

|| || ∴ Option (b) is correct.

a a+1 a-1 a+1 a-1 a
b- + (-1) b+1
n
= -b b+1 b-1 -b
c-1 c+1 c

|
1 c c-1 c+1

|| ||
a a+1 a-1 149
== -b b+1 a+1 a a-1
b-1

|
(
+ -1) n+1
b+1 -b b-1 2 2 2
a b c

| |
c c-1 c+1 c-1 c c+1
(a+1)2 (b+1)2 (c+1)2
C2↔C
3
(a-1)2 (b-1)2 (c-1)2

= (1 + (-1) n+2
|
a a+1
) -b b+1
a-1
b-1 Applying R2→R2 - R3

| |
c c-1 c+1 2 2 2

|
a b c

| ||
This is equal to zero only, if n + 2 is odd ie, n is = 4a 4b 4c
an odd integer. (a-1)2 (b-1)2 (c-1)2

147
b c

| |
1 4 (a-1
2 2 2
a2 bc a )2 (b-1
b )2 (c-1
c )2
a
1 a3 abc = a
Given that,
1
b2 ca = Applying R3→R 3 - (R 1 - 2R2)
1 b3 abc

|
b abc
1 2
1 c3 abc a b c
2 2 2

|
=4 a b c
ab c
1 1 1

abc
|
1 a3 1
= abc 1 b3 1
1 c3 1
151

|
Given, A = 1 2
3 5 [

|
= 0 ⇒|A| = 5 - 6 = -1

( ∵ columns C1 and C3 are same) ∴ |A2009-5A2008| = |A2008||A - 5I|

148
152
| [ ] [ ]|
= (-1)2008 1 2 - 5 0

|
x -6 -1
Given that, 2 -3x x-3 =0
-3 2x x+2
3 5 0 5 = -4 2 3 0
= -6 |
| P a g e 56
 |
f(1) = -2

-16
-78 = 2928
| |
x x2 1 1 x x2
⇒ y y2 1 + xyz 1 y y22 = 0
z z2
1 z z

| | ||
-4 -48 -496 1

f(3) =
1

| |
0| 2
0
3
0
-2 -32 -392
= 0 1 x x2
1 2 3

|
⇒(1+xyz) 1 y y2 = 0
and f(5) = 2 32 294 1 z z2
0 0 0 = 0
1 2 3

|
⇒1 + xyz = 0
∴ f(1).f(3) + f(3).f(5) + f(5).f(1)
⇒ xyz = -1
= f(1).0 + 0 + f(1).0 = 0 = f(3) or f (5)

|
156
153 [e] [π] [π2-6]
∆ [π] [π2-6] [e]

|
1 a b+c
= (x+a+b+c) 1 b c+a
2
[π -6] [e] [π]

| | |
1 c a+b 2 3 3

|| |
[C1→C1 + C2 + C3] = 3 3 2
1 1 b+c 3 2 3
= (x+a+b+c)(a + b + c) 1 1 c+b
= 2(9-4) - 3(9-6) + 3(6 - 9)
1 1 a+b
= 10 - 9 - 9
= 0 [C2→C2 + C3]
= -8
Hence, x may have any value.
157
154

|
1 k -1 We have,
It has a non-zero solution, if 3 -k -1 = 0

|
a b a x+b
1 -3 1 b c b
=

|
⇒1(-k-3) - k(3+1) - 1(-9+k) = 0 ∆ x+c a x+b b x+c 0

| |
a b a x+b
⇒ - 6k + 6 = 0 ⇒∆ = b c b x+c ,
⇒k = 1
( 2
0 0 - a x +2 b x+c)

155 [
Applying R3→R3-x
R1-R 2

|
2 3
x x 1+x
⇒∆ = (b2 - ac)(ac2 + 2 b x + c)
Given, y y 2
1+y 3 =
2 3 0
z z 1+z

|| | ∴∆ =

| |
0
x x2 1
x x2 x3 158
⇒ y y2 1 +
y y2 y3 =0
z z2 1
z z2 z3
⇒b2 = ac or, a x2 + or, x is a equat ax2 + 2b x + c = 0
2bx + c = 0
root of the ion
⇒a,b,c are in G.P.
All statements are false.

P a g e 57
159 Applying C3→C3 + C2 - C1

| |
Applying C3→C3 - C1,we get 1 cos x 0

| 1
∆ = cos (p-d)a cos pa
α

0 sin (p-
α2-1 = 1+sin x

sin x
cos x
0 sin x
1

|
d)a sin pa
= cos x - cos x(1 + sin x)
0
= -cos x sin x
= (α2-1){sin pacos (p-d)a-cos pasin (p-d)a}
1
= - sin 2x
= (α2-1)sin { - (p-d)a + pa}
2
⇒∆ = (α2-1)sin da π/2 π/2

∴
1
Which is independent of p. ∫ 0
∆x dx=-2
∫ 0
sin 2x dx

[ ]
π/2
160 1 cos 2x 1
2
=- - =-

|
0
Given, a+x a-x a-x 2 2
a-x a+x a-x = 0
a-x a-x a+x 163

|
Applying C1→C1 + C2 + C3 and taking
common (3a - x)from C1,we get
For the non-trivial solution, we must have

| |
1a a

|
1
(3a-x) 1 a+x
a-x a-x
a-x = 0
b 1 b =0
c c 1

| |
1 a-x a+x
1-a 0
[ Applying C →C -C ;
]
||
1 a-x a-x ⇒ b-1 1-b b =
a
1 1 2

[
⇒(3a-x) 0 2x 0 R2→R2- C2→C2-C3

|
0
=0
0 c-1 1

0 0
R1
] R3→R3-R1
⇒(1-a)[(1-b)-b(c-1)] + a(b-1)(c-1) = 0
2x

⇒ (3a-x)(4x2) = 0 1 b a
⇒ c-1 + b-1 + a-1 = 0
⇒x = 3a,0
161 ⇒ ( )
c-1
1
+1 +
b-
b
+
a

a-1
=1

Since, the given equations are consistent. 1

3 1 1 1 1
2 c-c b-b a-a
3 1 -2
∴
⇒ + + =1

| | =
a 2 -b 0
⇒
a
+
b
+
c
= -1
⇒2(-b+4) - 3(-3b+2a) + 1(6-a) = 0 1-a 1-b 1-c

⇒ - 2b + 8 + 9b - 6a + 6 - a = 0 164
162 Given system equations are
⇒7b - 7a = -
14 3x - 2y + z = 0
⇒a - b = 2 λx - 14y + 15z = 0 and x + 2y - 3z = 0

|
The system of equations has infinitely many (non-
Given, ∆(x) = 1 cos x 1-cos x
trivial solutions, if ∆ = 0.
1+sin x cos x 1+sin x-cos

|
x
sin x sin x 1

P a g e 58
 ∆= -(x+z-2y)

| |
-1 7

| |
-14 15
3 -2 1 0 x-2y+z
-1 y-z
6
1 2 -3 0
⇒ λ = = 0

⇒3(42-30) - λ(6-2) + 1(-30+14) =

0
[ Applying C1→C1+C3
-2C2 and C2→C2-C3

⇒36 - 4λ - 16 = 0 = -(x+z-2y)2
|-1-1 6
7
= (x-2y+z)2

⇒λ = 5
166 169
We have, a = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + ... upto n terms
=

( )
2n-1 = n
1 2 -

| |
2-1
Since, cos
sin x cos x =
sin x cos x
cos x cos x sin x 0

⇒sin x(sin2 x-cos2 x)-cos x(cos xsin x-cos2 x)

3n-1
b = 1 + 3 + 9 + ... upto n
+cos x(cos2 x-sin xcos x)=0 terms= 2
5n-1
⇒sin x(sin2 x-cos2 x)-2cos2 x(sin x-cos x)=0 and c = 1 + 5 + 25+ … upto n terms=
4

| | | |
⇒(sin x-cos x)[sin x(sin x+cos x)-2cos2 x]=0 a 2b 4c 2n-1 3n-1 5n-1

⇒(sin x-cos x)[(sin2 ∴ 2 2 2 = 1 1 1

x-cos2 x) 2

| |
n n n
n n n
2 3 5
+(sin xcos x-cos x)]=0
2 2 3 5
n n n
2 3 5
⇒ (sin x-cos x)2[sin x+cos x+cos x]=0 =2 1 1 1 [R1→R1 + R2]
n n n
2 3 5
= 2×0 = 0 [ ∴ two rows are identical]
⇒(sin x-cos x)2(sin x+2cos x)=0

2
⇒ Either (sin x-cos x) = 0
170

| |
or sin x+2cos x)=0 c 1 0
Let ∆ = 1 c 1 = c(c2-1) - 1(c -
⇒Either tan x=1 ortan x=-2 6 1 c

π = 8cos3 θ-4cos θ+6

⇒ Either x = or tan x=-2 6)
4

[
ππ 171 We have,
As x ∈ - , , tan x∈[-1, 1]

| |
44 2 2 2
1 2 3
]
Hence, real solution is
only x =
π

4
167 ∆ = 22 32 42
2 2 2
Applying R →R + R - 2R , we get 3 4 5

| |
1 3 5
= 5 7 C2→C2 - C1and

| |
0 0 0 x+z- zy
1 1 3 2
⇒∆ 4 Applying
 9 7 9
∆ y
= 456 C3→C3 - C2
567 z

| |
xyz 0 1 3 2

7
| 4 5 6
= -(x+z-2y) 5 6

x y z
[Expanding along R1]
⇒∆ = 4 5
2
9 7
Applying C3→C3 - C2

|
2
P a g e 59
 | | | |
1 3 1 a-6 0 0
⇒∆ = 2 4 5 1 ⇒ 3 b c = 0 Applying R1→R1 - 2R2
9 7 1 4 a b
1 3 1
⇒∆ = 2 3 2 0 |
R1
R →R - R , R →R -
8 4 0 Applying 2 2 1 3 3
176
⇒(a-6)(b2-ac) = 0⇒b2 = ac⇒b3 = abc

| | |
⇒∆ = 2×-4 = -8 ab 0

172 We have, ∆ ≡ 0 a b = 0
b 0 a
We have,
⇒ ∆ ≡ a(a2-0) - b(0-b2) = a3 + b3

||
xa

()
3 3
3 a
b
a x b ⇒a + b = 0⇒ = -1
a b x b

∴
|] |[ ()
x a b Applying R →R -R a
is one of the cube roots of -1.

= a-x x-a 0 2 2 1 b
a-x b-a x- R3→R3-R1
b 177

||
x a b

= (x- -1 1 0 We have,
a)

| |
a-x b-a x-b
b+c c+a a+b a b c

| |[
a+b b+c =k c a b
x+a+b a b Applying
(x- 1 0 c+a b c a
→C +C +C
)

|
α

|
= 0 c+a a+b b+c
C

0 b-a x- ] 1 1
3
2
Applying C1←C1 + (C2 + C3) on LHS, we have
b
= (x - a)(x + a + b)(x - b) [Expanding along C1]

| | |
2(a+b+c) c+a ab c

|
a+b
173 ⇒ 2(a+b+c) b+c = kc a b
c+a 2(a+b+c) a+b b c a
We have, b+c

|
[x]+1 [y] [z]

| | |
ab c

|
∆ = [x] [y]+1 [z] ⇒2 a+b+c b+c = kc a
a+b+c c+a a+b
[x] [y] [z]+1 c+a a+b+c a+c b

|
| |] [
1 0 - Applying C2→C2 - C1, C3→C3 - C1 on LHS, we have
Applying R →R -R

⇒∆ =
1

0 1 -1
R2→R2-R3
1 1 3 |
a+b+c -b -c a b c
⇒2 a+b+c -a - = k c a b
|
| |
[x] [y] [z]+1
b a+b+c -c - b c a
a
 ⇒∆ = [z] + 1 + [y] + [x]
= [x] + [y] + [z] + 1 Applying C1→C1 + C2 + C3 on LHS, we have

| || |
Since maximum values of [x],[y] and [z] are 1, 0 a -b -c ab c
c -a - = c a b
and 2 respectively k b b c a
∴ Maximum value of ∆ = 2 + 1 + 0 + 1 = 4
⇒
b -c -a
a b c

174
We have,
| |
a b c = kc a b
⇒2 c a b
b c a
b c a

∴k = 2
| | | |
a 2b 2c
178
3 b c = 0
4 a b a 1 1
|
Let ∆ = 1 b 1 = abc - (a+b+c) + 2
1 1 c

|
P a g e 60
 ∵ ∆ > 0⇒abc + 2 > a + b + c
10 12 14 2 y [Applying R2→2 R 2]

|| |
⇒abc + 2 > 3(abc)1/3 ⇒|A| = 6 75 8 xz
x4 y z6 0

∵AM>GM⇒
[ ]
a+b+c 456x
>(abc)1/3 00
0 ⇒|A| = 0
0 R2→R2 + R3)]
6 7 8 z [Applying -
⇒ x3 (R1

|
+ 2 > 3x, where x = (abc)1/3 xyz0

⇒x3 - 3x + 2 > 0⇒(x-1)2(x + 2) > 0 ⇒ |A | = 0 [∵2y=x+z]

⇒x + 2 > 0⇒x > -2⇒(abc)1/3 > -2 183

Putting r = 1, 2, 3,…,n and using the formula
⇒abc > -8
( )
179 ∑1=n and ∑r= n+12 n
Applying R →R - R (cos β) + R (sin β)
∑(2r-1)=1+3+5+...=n 2

| |
3 3 1 2

cos α -sin α 1

| |
sin α cos α 1

n n n
∴
0 0 1+sin β-cos n

β ∑ r
2
∆ = n(n+1) n +n+1 = 56

n2+n
r=1 n2 n2 n2+n+1
= (1+sin β-cos β)(cos2 α+sin2 α)
Applying C1→C1 - C3, C2→C2 - C3

| |
= 1 + sin β - cos β, which is independent of
α 0 0 n
2
180 0 1 n +n
-n-1 -n-1 n2+n+1
Given, A = B-1 AB

⇒BA = AB ⇒n(n+1) = 56

∴ det (B-1AB) = det (B-1BA) = det (A) ⇒n2 + n - 56 = 0

181 ⇒(n+8)(n-7) = 0
Given, matrix is singular.
⇒n = 7 (n ≠ -8)

|
0 1 -2

Therefore, -1 0 3 = 0
| 184

| || |
λ -3 0 1a a2-bc0 a-b (a-b)(a+b+c)

⇒ + 1(0-6) + λ(3) = 0 1 b b2-ac = 0 b-c (b-c)(a+b+c)

1 c c2- 1 c c2-
⇒ - 6 + 3λ = 0

⇒ λ=2
ab ab R →R -R
( 1
R2→R2-R3
1 2

182

We have, |
0 1 a+b+c
) |
 = (a-b)(b-c) 0 1 a+b+c = 0 ( ∵ rows

|
and
456
567y 1 c c2- R1
|A| = 6 7 z ab R2 are identical)
8
xyz0

|
185
x

P a g e 61
 ∵ det (M ) = r2 - (r-1)2 = 2r - 1 = (a-b)(a-c)(c2 + ac - ab - b2)
∴ det(M1) + det(M2) + ... + det
r

(M2008) = (a-b)(b-c)(c-a)(a + b + c)

= 1 + 3 + 5 + ... + 4015 189

2008 We have,
= [2 + (2008-1)2]

| |
2
b+c a a
= 2008(2008) = (2008)2 ∆= b c+a b
c c a+b

|
186
2 (b+c) 2 (c+a) 2 (a+b)

| |
⇒∆ = b c+a b
1 ω ω2
c c a+b
ω2 1

|
ω Applying R →R
1 1
2
1 ω
+2R2+R3
ω

| |
Applying C1→C1 + C2 + C3
b+c c+a a+b

|
1+ω+ω2
= 1+ω+ω2 ω2 1
2
ω ω2

| ( ∵ 1 + ω + ω2 = 0)
⇒∆ = 2 b
c
| b+c
c+a
c
c+a
b
a+b
Applying R →R -R ,

|
a+b
1+ω+ω 1 ⇒∆ = -c 0 -
2 2 1

ω 2 R3→R3-R1
a

| |
0 ω ω2 -b -a 0

= 0 ω2 1 ⇒∆ = 2{(b+c)(0-a2)-(c+a)(0-ab)+(a+b)(ac-0)}
0 1 ω
⇒∆ = 2{ - a2(b+c) + ab(c+a) + ac(a + b)}
= 0
⇒∆ = 2( - a2b - a2c + abc + a2b + a2c + abc)
187
⇒∆ = 4 abc

| |
n 2n
1 ω ω
190
Given, ∆ = ωn ω2n 1

=1
( 3n
) (ω
-1 - -
ω2n 1
n
ωn

( -
2n 2n
)+ 2n n 4n
)
| log5729 log3 5

log5 27 log9 25 || =
log3 36

log 5 3
3
log 5
3

log 3 5
2
|
2

= 1(1-1) - 0 + ω2n(ωn-ωn) [ ∵ ω3 -
ω ω ω ω ω ω

= 2

| |
1]
3log 5 33 log
6log
log 5
5 2 3 35
=
0

188
= 6log5 5-3log5 3log3 5
3log3

Given, ∆ =
| 1
a
3
a
1
b
3
b c
1

3
1
c = a a-b
|
0
- C ,C →C - C ]
0
a-c
| a3
= 6-3 = 3

a3-b3
a3-c3

A
nd

[C →C
 | | |
2
log3 5 log27 5 5 32 log
log3 log 3
log2 93 log 93 5 log3 3
2 1 1
= 5 5 5 5

|1
= (a-b)(a - c) a
0
1

a3 a2+ab+b2 a2+ac+c2
0
1

| =
|| log3 5
1
3
log 5
3 |
2log5 3 2log5 3

P a g e 62
 = 2log5 2 Applying R1→R1 + R3,we get
5- log 3log 5

| |
3log3 3
3

1-i ω2+ω ω2-1

5
= 2 4
2- = 1-i -1 ω2-1 =0

| |
3 3
[ ∴ ω2 + ω = -1, so R and R become identical]
-i -1+ω-i -1
Now,
1 2
4
= 3. = 4

| log 729 5 log 5 log

|
log 55 27 log 9 25 log3 9 log275 9
5
3 194

log3

Take option(d),
|
5

N ∑n 1 5

|
log3 5.log5 81=log3 81=log 3 34=4
∑U
n=1
n
= ∑n 2
2N+1 2N+1

191
∑n

||
3
3N2 3N

b
|
a-x c b
Given, c b-x a = 0
a c-x
N(N+1)
2
N(N+1)(2N+1)
1 5

| + + =
6 2N+1 2N+1
Applying R1→R 1 R 2R 3

|
1 1 1
⇒(a+b+c-x) c
b
| b-x a = 0
a c-x ( N(N2+1)
)
2
3N 2
3N

⇒
(a+b+c-x) c b-x -c
||
1

b
0

a-b
0
a-c
c-x- = 0
=
N(N+1)
12
6
4N+2
3N(N+1)
1

3N2
5
2N+1 2N+1
3N
b

⇒ (a+b+c-x)[1(b-x-c)(c-x-b)-(a-c)(a-b)] = 0 Applying C3→C3 + C2

| |
⇒ 6 1 6
(a+b+c-x) N(N+1) 2N+1 4N+2
[
2
2 2 2
( = 3N(N+1)
4N+2 3N2 3N(N+1)
bc-xb-b -xc+x +bx-c +cx+bc- a - 12
= 0 = 0 ( ∵ two columns are identical)

⇒ (a+b+c-x)[x2-a2-b2-c2+ab+bc+ca] = 0 195

⇒x = a + b + c or x2
= a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca [ 215 342 511
6 7
36 49 54
8

]
1 2
⇒x = 0 or x2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + (a + b2 + c2)
2 = 215(378-392) - 342(324-288)
+511(294-252)
3 2 2 2
⇒x = 0 or x = ± (a +b +c ) = -3010 - 12312 + 21462 = 6140
2

192 Which is exactly divisible by 20

We have,
196

)
 det (A-1adj A) = det (A-1)det
( 1
∆ = abc 1+ + 1+1 = abc×0
a b c
=(det A)-1(det A)3-1=det A
(adj A)

193
197

P a g e 63
 | | |
1 sin θ 1 2

|
A = -sinθ
1 ω - 11 ω ω
1 sin ω2/2 = - 1 1 -2
2 1 -1 0
θ 1 1 1
-1 -sinθ 1 1 -1 0

= 1(1 + sin2 θ)-sin θ(-sin θ+sin θ)+1(sin2 θ+1)

2
||
=- 0
2
1 1+ω+ω ω ω
2

1
|| - (C1→C1 + C2 + C3)
= 2(1 + sin θ) 2
2
0 -1 0

Since, the maximum and minimum value of sin2

θ is 1 and 0.

∴ |A| ∈ [2,4]
|
= - 1 0 1 -2 ( ∵ 1 + ω + ω2 = 0)
2
0 ω ω2

0 -1 0

|
= 0

198 201

|
Since, the first column consists of sum of two
terms, second column consists of sum of three log e log e2 log e3
terms and third column consists of sum four log e2 log e3 log e4
terms. log e3 log e4 log e5

199
∴ n = 2×3×4 = 24

| | log e
= 2log e
3log e
2log e
3log e
4log e
3log e
4log e
5log e

| | |
Given ,a1,a2, a3,… 1 2 3 1 1 1
∈GP = 2 3 4 = 2 1 1
3 4 5 3 1 1
⇒log a ,log a ,…∈AP

|
1 2

⇒log an,log an+1,log an+2,… (Using C2→C2 - C1, C3→C3 - C2)

= 0[ ∴ two columns are identical]

∈AP
log a +log a
⇒log a = n n+2 …(i)
n+1
2 202

Similarly, log log an+3+log an+5 …

a = (ii)

|
15+ 26 2 5
2 13+ 3
n+4
5

|
log a +log a 5
and log a = n+6 n+8 …(ii)
n+7
2

| || |
=
log an log an+1 log an+2
13 2 5 5 3 2 5 5

|
Given, ∆ = log an+3 log an+4 log an+5
16 5 10 + 15 5 10
log an+6 log an+7 log an+8 65 15 5 3 15 5

| |
1 3
Applying C2→C2 - C1+C3

|
2 5. 5 2 2
5 5

|
log an 0 log an+2 2
∆= lo an+3 log an+6
200 g
 = 13. 5
0 log 3
2
an+5 = 3

|
0 +
0 log
an+8

P a g e 64

| 1
3. 5. 5 5
3
 =0+
5
-1

|2
3 0
1
| = 5 3 ( 6 - 5)
| x+1+ω+ω2

= x+1+ω+ω2
ω
ω2
x+ω2 1
| C1→C1
+
C2
+ C3)

5 2
204 0 3 5 x+1+ω+ω2 1 x+ω

∵ 1 + ω + ω2 =

| |
+ y ∆ , where = x 1 x+ω2
We can write ∆ =
1
1 2 1 ω ω12
∆ 1 x+ω

| || |
(
1 1+x1y2 1+x1y3
∆1 = 1 1+x y 1+x y 1 (x+ω2)(x+ω) - 1} + ω{1- ( x + ω)} +
= x[1{
ω2{ 1 - (x+ω2)}]
2 2 2 3

1 1+x3y2 1+x3y3
= x[(x2 + ωx + ω2x + ω3 - 1 + ω - ωx - ω2 + ω2

x1 1+x1y2 1+x1y3 -ω2x - ω4]

and ∆2 =
=x3 ( ∵ ω3 = 1)
x2 1+x2y2 1+x2y3
x3 1+x3y2 1+x3y3

In ∆ , use C →C -
C 1 2 2 1
and C 3→C 3- 1 so that,
210
| |
| |
C x 1+sin x cos x
1 x1y2 x1y3
∆1 = 1 x y x y =0 ( ∵ C and C are
Given , f(x) = 1 log (1+x) 2
2 2
2 2 2 3 2 3 x 1+x 0
x y x
1 3 2 3 3 y
proportional) = x{-2(1+x2)} - (1
+
In ∆2, C2→C2 - y2C and C3→C3 -
1 to get sin x)(-2x2)+cos x{1+x2-x2log (1+

| |
y3C
1

x1 1 1 = -2x - 2x3 + 2x2

∆2 = x2 1 1 = 0 ( ∵ C2 and C3 are identical) +2x2
sin x+cos x{1+x2-x2log (1+x)}
x3 1 1
∴ Coefficient of x in f(x) = -2.
∴ ∆=0
211
206 Clearly, the degree of the given determinant is

|
b2-ab b-c bc-ac
3. So, there cannot be more that 3 linear factors.
Let ∆ = ab-a2 a-b b2- Thus, the other factor is a numerical constant. Let
ab it be λ. Then,

|
bc-ac c-a ab-a2

|| |
b b-c c
-2a a+b a+c
= (b-a)(b - a) a a-b b
b+a -2b b+c = λ(a + b)(b + c)(c + a)

|
c c-a a
c+a c+b -2c
= (a-b)b2 →C
a a
b c

b
| (C
2 2
+C)
3
Putting a = 0, b = 1 and c = 1 on both sides, we
get
c c
| a
 = 0 ( ∵ two columns are

208
same) |
0 1 1
1 -2 2 = λ×1×2×1⇒2λ⇒λ = 4
1 2 -

| |
2
212
x+1 ω ω2
ω x+ω2 1 We have,
2
ω 1 x+ω

| P a g e 65
 | |
1 ω2 ω5
a2 asin B asin C
3 4
ω 1 ω = asin B 1 cos
ω5 ω4 1 A asin C cos A 1

|| | ||
1 1 ω2 1 sin B sin C
= 1 1 ω = a2 sin B 1 cos
ω2 ω 1 A sin C cos A

|
1
Taking a common from

213 = 2 - (ω2-ω) = 2 - (-1) = 3 R1 and C1 both

= a2{(1-cos2 A)
Applying C1→C1 + C2 + C3 and taking
-
common (a + b + c) from C1, we get sin B(sin B-cos Asin C)+sin C(sin B

|
1b }
c (a + b + c) 1 c
a = a2{sin2 A-sin2 B+2sin Bsin Ccos A-sin2 C}
1 a b

|
Applying R2→R2 - R1and R3→R3 - R1, we get
= a2
{sin (A+B)sin (A-B)-sin2 C+2cos A
1 b
| c
(a + b + c) 0 c-b a-
c
0 a-b b-c
= a2[sin C{sin (A-B)-sin C}+2cos Asin Bsin C]

= a2

|
= (a+b+c){ - (c-b)2 - (a-b)(a-c)}

= -(a+b+c){a + b + c - ab - bc - ca}
2 2 2
[sin C{sin (A-B)-sin (A+B)}+2cos
= a2[sin C×-2cos Asin B+2cos Asin Bsin C] = 0

215
1
=- (a+b+c){2a + 2b + 2c - 2ab - 2bc - 2ac}
2 2 2

| | |
2
a a2 1+a3 a a2 1 a a2 a3
1 = b b2 1 + b b2 b3 = 0
= - (a+b+c){a-b)2 + (b-c)2 + (c-a)2} b b2 1+b3
2
c c2 1+c3 c c2 1 c c2 c3

| | ||
Which is always negative.
a a2 1 a a2 1
214 ⇒ b b2 1 + abc b b2 1 = 0
In a ∆ABC, we have c c2 c c2 1

| | |
1

a a a2 1

[ | || ]
sin A b c
= sin B = sin C ⇒(1+abc) b b2 1 = 0
c c2 1
⇒bsin A=asin B csin A=asin C

|| ∴
a2 bsin A csin a a22 1
≠0
A

∴ bsin A 1 cos
A csin A cos A 1
216 b b
1 ⇒ 1 + abc = 0
c c
2 ⇒abc = -1
1

P a g e 66
 | |
x+ω2 ω 1
a = A Rp-1⇒log a=log A+(p-1)log R
ω ω2
1+x = 0
1 x+ω ω2 b = A Rq-1⇒log b=log A+(q-1)log R
c = A Rr-1⇒log c=log A+(r-1)log R
Applying C1→C1 + C2 + C3

| |
x ω 1 Now,

|
x ω2 1+x
= 0 log a p 1
x x+ω ω2
(∴1+ω+ω2=0)
log b q
1

||
⇒ x = 0 is one of the values of x which log c r 1
satisfy the above determinant equation.

|
(p-1) log R p 1
217 = (q-1) log R q 1
(r-1) log R r 1
We have,

456x

| |
p-1 p 1

[
567y = log R= q-1 q 1 [Applying C1→C1 - (log A )C3]
|A| = 6 7 8 z r-1 r 1
xyz0

[
0 0 0 x-2y+z log

| |
Applying R1→R 1 0 q 1 =0 [Applying C1→C1 - C2 +
⇒|A| = 5 6 7 y R 0 p 1

]
678 z -2R +R C3] r 1
=
0

xyz 220
∵x,y,z are in A.P.
2 3
0

[]
000
0

⇒|A| = 5 6 7 y
678z [ ∴x-2y+z=0 We know that the sum of the products of the
elements of a row with the cofactors of the
xyz0
corresponding elements is always equal to the

]
⇒ | A| = 0 value of the determinant .ie,|A|.

∵ a,b,c,d,e and f are in GP.

218 221

2 3 4
∆=

|
((ee +e
+e )) ((e -e ))
iβ
iα
-iβ 2
e -e
-iα 2
iβ -iβ 2
iα -iα 2 4
(eiγ+e-iγ)2 (eiγ-e-iγ)2 4
Given,

∴ a = a,b = ar,c = ar ,d = ar ,e = ar and

|
4
f = ar5

Applying C1→C1 - C2

∴ b
2
4 -
4 e2 y = a2r2 a2r8 y
( i
2 4 2 10
iα 2
) c
2
f2 z ar ar z
 | || |
a2 d2 x a2 a2r6 x
e -e
= 4 (eiβ-e-iβ)2 4

| |
4 (eiγ-e-iγ)2 4 1 1 x

= 0 ( ∵ two columns are

2 2
= a4r 6 r r y = 0
same) r4 r4 z

Hence, it is independent of α, β and γ. Thus, the given determinant is independent of x,y

and z.
219
Let A be the first term and R be the common 222
ratio of the GP. Then,

P a g e 67
 |
logy x
1

logz x logz y
logx y logx z
1 logy z
1
Let
x
a
2

2 = X,
y
b
2

2 = Y and
z
c
2

Then the given system of equations becomes

2 =Z

|
= 1(1 - logy zlogz y)-logx y(logy x-logz xlogy X + Y - Z = 1, X - Y + Z = 1, - X + Y + Z = 1
z)

+logx z (log y log x - log x)

z y z
The coefficient matrix is A =
[ 1
1
1 -1
-1 1

= (1 - logy y)-logx y -1 1 1

]
x-logy x)
(logy Clearly, |A| ≠ 0. So, the given system of equations
+logx z(logz x-logz x) has a unique solution

227
= (1-1) - 0 + 0 = 0

223

|| | |[ ]
1 1 1 1 0 0 C →C -C Applying R1→R1 + R2, we get
2 2 1
1 1-x
1
= 1 -x 0 2 2

C3→C3-C1
1

|
θ
cos2 θ 1+cos2 θ cos2
| =0

1 1 1+y 1 0

| |
y 4sin 4 θ 4sin 4 θ 1+4sin 4 θ
= -xy
Applying C1→C1 - 2C3, C2→C2 - 2C3
224

yx 0 0 1

| |
z x y z -cos2 θ 1-cos2 θ cos2 θ =0
-x y = -x y z [R3→R3 + R2]
-2-4sin 4 θ -2-4sin 4 θ 1+4sin 4 θ
z 0 0 2z

| |
x -y
z

= 2z(xy+xy) = 4xyz ⇒[cos2 θ(2+4sin 4 θ)+(1-cos2 θ)(2+4sin 4 θ)]=0

On comparing with kxyz, we get k = 4 ⇒[2cos2 θ+4cos2 θsin 4 θ+2+4sin 4θ

225 - 2cos2 θ-4cos2 θsin 4θ]=0

Applying R1→R1 + R2 + R3 and taking common
⇒2 + 4sin 4θ=0
(2x + 10) from R1,we get
⇒ 1
sin 4θ=-

| |
1 1 1
2
(2x+10) 2 2x 2 =0
7 6 2x
228

| |
|
1 0 0
⇒(2x+10) 2 2x-2 0 = 0 a a2 a3+1
7 -1 2x-7 Given determinant, ∆ ≡ b b2 b3+1 = 0

[C3→C3 - C1and C2→C2 - C1] c c2 c3+1

On splitting the determinant into two determinants,
⇒ (2x+10)(2x-2)(2x-7) = 0 we get
⇒x 7 7
= -5, 1,
2 1 a a2
∆ ≡ abc 1 b b2 +
 1 c c2

Hence , other roots are 1 and

2
or 1 and 3.5
1 a a2
| |
1 b b2 = 0
1 c c2

⇒(1+abc) [1(bc -cb2) -a( c2 -b2) +a2 (c- ] =

b) 0
2

226
⇒(1+abc)[(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)] = 0

P a g e 68
 Since a,b,c are different, the second factor cannot 231
be zero.
Clearly, x = 0 satifies the given equation
Hence, 1 + abc = 0
232

| |
10! 11! 12!
229
We have, Let ∆ = 11! 12! 13!

|
12! 13! 14!

| |
a a2-bc
1 11 11×12

|
1
b b2-ca 1 = 10!11!12! 1 12 12×13
c c -ab 12 1 13 13×14

| | ||
a a2

| |
a -bc
1 Applying R2→R2 - R1 and R3→R3 - R1
1

= b b2 1 + 1 11 11×12
b -ca 1 = 10!11!12! 0 1 24
c c2 1 c -ab 1
0 2 50

| ||
a a2 1 = (10!11!12!)(50 - 48)
= b b2 1
= 2 ∙ (10!11!12!)
c c2
1

|
a2 -abc a 233

| |
1 2
+ abc b -abc b sin x cos x cos x
c2 -abc c We have, cos x sin x cos x = 0
Applying R1→R1(a) cos x cos x sin x
R →R (b),R →R (c)
2 2 3 3

| |
in the IInd determinant Applying C1→Cx1 +cos
sin x+2cos C2x+ Ccos
3 x

| ||
a a2 1 a2 1 a

= b b2 1 - b2 1 b
⇒ sin x+2cos x sin x cos x = 0
c c2 1 c2 1 sin x+2cos x cos x sin x
c

| || |
a a2 1 a a2 1 1 cos x cos x

|
= b b2 1 - b b2 1 = 0 ( )
⇒ 2cos x+sin x 1 sin x cos x = 0
1 cos x sin

|
c c2 1 c c2 1
x Applying R2→R2 - R1, R3→R3 - R1
230

Given that, xayb = em, xcyd = en 1 cos x cos x

and ∆ =
m b
| | | |
,∆ =
a m
,
= |a
⇒ (2cos x+sin x) 0 sin x–cos x
0 0
0
sin x–cos x

| |
∆

1
n d
|
b

c n 3
c d
2 = 0
⇒alog x+blog y=m ⇒clog x+dlog y=n By Cramer’s rule
⇒ (2cos x+sin x) ∴ tan x=-2,1 Buttan x≠-2, because it does not lie
(sin x–cos x)2 = 0
∆ ∆ [
in the interval -
ππ
4, 4
.
log x= andlog y= ∴ tan x=1
1 2

∆3 ∆3 ]
⇒x = e∆ /∆ and y = e∆ /∆
1 3 2 3

P a g e 69
 π and g(x) = b x2 + b x + b
So, x = 2 1 2
4
Also, h(x) = c0 x2 + c1 x + c2

| |
234

| |
f(x) g(x) h(x)
(ax+a-x)2 (ax-a-x)2 1
Then, Δ(x) = 2a0 x+a 2b x+b
2c0x+c1
(bx+b-x)2 (bx-b-x)2 1
0 1

12a0 2b0 2c0

(cx+c-x)2 (cx-c-x)2 1

|
f(x) g(x) f(x) g(x) h(x)

|
Applying C1→C1 - h(x) + a1 b1 c1
C2

||
= x 2a0 2b0
2b0 2c0
2a0
2c0 2a0

| || |
(bxx-b-x-x)22 -b-x-x))
1 = 4 11 (baxx-a
22
1 2b0
4 (a -a ) 1 0

|
1 (cx-c-x)
2
1 2c0
= 4 =
f(x) g(x) h(x)
=0+ a1 b1 c1

( ∵two columns are identical)

2
a0 b0 c0
235
= 2[(b1c0-b0c1)f(x) - (a1c0-a0c1)g(x)
Given matrix is non-singular, then
+(a1b0-a0b1)h(x)]

| λ 1 0
0 2 3 ≠0
0 0 λ
Hence, degree of Δ(x) ≤ 2

|
238
⇒λ (2λ - 0) ≠ 0
1
Applying C →C1 + C2 + C3, we
⇒λ ≠ get
0

| |
236 x+y+z
2(x+y+z) y z+x
y+z z

| |
0 y-z z-x
a2 b2 c2

Let ∆ =
(a+1)2 (b+1)2 (c+1)2
2 y-z z+x
= (x + y + z) 1 y z
|
||
(a-1)2 (b-1)2 (c-1)2
0 y-z z-x

Applying R 2→R2 - R3 Applying R2→2R2 - R

|
|
1

|
2 2
a b 2 2 y+z z+x
c
= 4a 4b 4c = (x + y + z) 0 y-z z-x
(a-1)2 (b-1)2 (c-1)2
2 0 y-z z-x

= 0 [ ∴ two rows are identical]

c
2
b
= 4 a b c

|
(a-12 )2 (b-1)2 (c-1)2
a 239

| |
Applying R3→R3 - (R1 - 2R2)

| |
2 2 2
a b c
 1 1+ax2 Given, f(x) = 1+b 1+bx
+a 1+ax 1+bx
2

=4 a b c 1+b 1+cx 1+cx2

| |
1 1 1
1+a a(x-1) ax(x-1)

∴k = 4 ⇒f(x) = 1+b b(x-1) bx(x-1)

237 1+b c(x-1) cx(x-1)

Let f(x) = a x2 + a x + a

0 1 2
|
= (x-1)x(x - 1) 1+a a a =0
1+b b b

|
1+c c c
P a g e 70
 (∴ two columns are same) Applying C1→C1 + C2 + C3

| |
240
x+α+β+γ β γ
=0
⇒ x+α+β+γ x+β α
We have,
x+α+β+γ β x+γ
4 3

=
2
ax + bx + cx + 50x + d

|
x3-14x2 -x 3x+

4x+1 3x x-4
λ
|
1 β
⇒(x+α+β+γ) 1 x+β
|
1 β
γ
α
x+γ
| =0

-3 4 0
Applying R2→R2 - R1 and R3→R3 -
On differentiating with respect to x, we get

4ax3 + 3bx2 + 2cx + 50 R1

=
|
4x+1
2
3x -28x -1 3
3x x-4
⇒
(
x+α+β+γ |
)1 β

0 0 x
γ
0 x α-γ = 0
|
||
-3 4 0 ⇒ (x+α+β+γ)(x2-0) = 0
x3-14x2 -x 3x+λ
+ 4 3 1 ⇒x = 0 or x = -(α + β + γ)
-3 4 0
243

||
Now, put x = 0, we get We have,

|
50 = 0 -1 3 0 0 λ
1 0 - + 4 3 1
4 -3 4 0
1/a 1 bc
∆ = 1/b 1 ca
|
| |
-3 4 0

⇒50 = 25λ
| 1/c 1 ab

241
⇒λ = 2
⇒∆ =
1
abc |
1 a abc
1 b abc
Applying R1→R1(a),

1 c abc R2 →R2 (b)and R3 →R3(c)

| x2+x
We have, 2x +3x-1
2

x2+2x+3
x+1 x-2
3x-3 = Ax -
3x
2x-1 2x-1 12
⇒∆ =
C3]
abc
|
| |
11 ab 11
abc 1 c 1
[Taking
abc common from

|
On putting x = 1 on both sides, we get abc
⇒∆ = ×0 = 0

| |
2 2 -1 abc
4 3 0 = A- 24
12 4
6 1 1 We have, |A| ≠ 0. Therefore, A-1 exists
Applying C1→C1 - C2
Now, AB = AC

| |
0 2 -1
1 3 0 ⇒A-1(AB) = A-1(AC)
⇒ 5 1 1 = A-
 ⇒(A-1A)B = (A- A)C⇒B = C
1

⇒ - 2(1) + (-1)(-14) = A - 12
246
⇒A = 24
Applying C3→C3 - ω C1, we get
242

We
have, |x+α β
γ x+β

α β
γ
α

x+γ
| =0
| a bω2 aω
bω c bω2 = bω
|
a bω2 0
c 0 =0

|
cω2 aω cω2 aω 0

|
c
P a g e 71
 | | |
247 2
a1 1 b1 b1
2
1 a1

| |
2 2
a+b a+2b a+3b ⇒∆ = 1 a2 a2 1 b2 b
2
a+2b a+3b a+4b 1 a3 2
a3 1 b3
a+4b a+5b 3

a+6b ⇒∆ 2
b
= 1 2 2 - a3)(a3 - a1)(b1
(a - a )(a

| |(
a+b a+2b a+3b R →R -R
b b
2 2 1
=

)
b

2b 2b R3→R3-R2 -b2)(b2 - b3)(b3 - b1)

2b

= 0 ( ∵ R2 and R3 are proportional)

248
254

|
a1 b1 c1
- (R +R ), we get
App lying R1→R
Let A ≡ a b c = 5 ...(i)
2 2 2
1 2 3
a3 b3 c3
-2z

| | |
∴ b c -b c c a -c a
y z+x y b2c3-b3c2 c2a3-c3a2 c2b3-c3b2
0 -2y
z z x+y a b -a b
3 1 1 3 3 1 1 3 3 1 1 3

b1c2-b2c1 c1a2-c2a1 a1b2-a2b1

= 2z(xy+y2-yz) - 2y(yz - z2 - xz)
|adj A| = (5)3-1 [from Eq. (i)]
= 2xyz + 2y2z - 2yz2 - 2y2z + 2yz2 +
= 52 = 25 ( ∵ |adj A| = |A|n-1)
2xyz

= 4xyz
249 255
Let a ≠ 0. Then,
We have,

d (∆ )
= |
a x b 0 1 0
|
1 0 0 + x b b + x b b
a x b
| ∆
1 =
|
a3+a x2
ca b
c
2
b +x
ab
2 2
a
b | [Applying C →a C ]

||
dx a a a a 0 0 1 a 1 1
1 d
⇒ (∆ ) = xx b | | | | |
+ x bx + x b = 3 a2 c bc c2+x2

251
∆
dx 1 a x a x

Applying C2→C2 - C1, C3→C3 - C2, we get

a x 2

⇒∆ =
1
a | a(a2+b2+c2+x2)

c(a2+b2+c2+x2)
ab
b(a2+b2+c2+x2) b2+x2
bc
ac
bc
c +x2
2
|
[Applying C1→C1 + b C2 + c C3]

|
1990 1 1 a ab ac

1991 1 1
= 0
⇒∆ =
1 2 2 2 2
a
(
2
a +b +c +x ) b b +x
2

| bc
|
||
1992 1 1 2 2

253
|
We
1+a b +a2b2
∆ =have,
1+a b +a2b2
1+a b +a2b2
c a 1 2

0
∆= (a2+b2+c2+x2) b x 0,
b 1 2
c 0 1+a b +a2b2 c 2

⇒ 22 22
1+a 2b 2+a b 1+a 2b 3+a22b23 [Applying C →C 2 - b C , C →C0 3 - xc C

|
2 1 2 1
a 2 1 3
]
1

3 1 3 1+a 31b22+a23b2 1+a2 b3 +a23b2

1
1 1 1 1
2
1 3
3
1 3 ⇒∆ = (a2+b2+c2+x2)x4

1+a b +a2b2 Clearly, ∆ is divisible by x4

If a = 0, then also it can be easily seen that ∆ is

divisible by x4
P a g e 72
 | |
256 1 1 1

|[
∆= bc ca ab

]
We have, C →C -C
b+c c+a
a-1 2 6

|
1a+b 0 0

|
= bc c(a-b) a(b-c) 2 2 1
∆a = (a-1
a-1))32 3
2nn2 4nn-2
2
b+c (a-b) (b-c) C3→C3-C2
-3 n

| |
|
3
( 2

| n

| 10 0
∑ a=1
(a-1) n 6 = (a-b)(b -
c)
bc
c
a
b+c 1
1
n n

∴
= (a-b)(b-c)(c - a)
∑
a=1
(a-1)2 2n2 4n-2
260
∑∆ ∑(a-1)
a=1
a
n
3
3n2 3n2-3n Since, ∆(1) = 0 and ∆'(1) = 0 so, (x-1)2 is a factor
of ∆(x)
a=1

|
n(n-
n 6 261
1)
n 2n 2
4 n-2 On putting λ = 0, we get
2
1) n(n-1)(2 n-

|
⇒
∑∆ = 6

( )
|
a n(n-1)
2
3 n3 3 n2-3 n b2+c2 a2 a2
2 2 2
a=1

2 t=
| b2 c2+a2 b2 = 4a b c

||
n 6 n 6 c2 c2 a2+b2

n(n-1) 4 n-2
⇒ ∑ ∆a = 2 n2 4 n-2 = 0 Clearly, it depends on a,b,c.

257 12 2
a=1
3 n2-3 n 3 n3 3 n -3 n
262

B = 5A 2
|
10! 11! 12!
Let ∆ = 11! 12! 13!
12! 13! 14!
⇒det (B) = det (5A2) = 53[det (A)]

|
2

|
1 11 11×12
= (10!)(11!)(12!) 1 12 12×13
= 125(6)2 = 4500 [givendet A=6]
1 13 13×14

|
258 1 11 11×12

|
= (10!)(11!)(12!) 0 1 24
x 1+sin x cos 0 2 50

Given, f(x) =
x

|
1 log (1+x) 2 x2 1+x2 |
 263 = 2(10!)(11!)(12!)
= x{-2(1+x )} - (1+sin x)( - 2x )
∵ det (A 1)= a b =a2-b2
2 2

+cos x{1 + x2 - x2log (1+x)}

| |
b a

| |
2 2
a b 4 4
= -2x - 2x3 + 2x2 + 2x2sin x det (A )= =a -b
2 2
2
b a
+cos x{1+x2-x2log (1+x)}
∞

∴ Coefficient of x in f (x) = - ∴ ∑det (A ) = det (A )+det (A )+...

i 1 2
i=1
2
259 = a2 - b2 + a4 - b4 + …

P a g e 73
 2
= a 2 2 a22-b2 ⇒(1+x)(2-x) = 0
- b 2 = ) 2

(
1-a 1-b 1- (1-b )
264 a ⇒x + 1 = 0 or x - 2 = 0 ⇒x = -1, 2

267

| |
Since, A is a singular matrix
6i 1 1
∴|A|=0 x + iy = - 4 -1 -1 = 0
3i 20 i i

[
1 2 x
⇒ 4 -1 7 = 0 ⇒ x = 0, y = 0
2 4 -6
268

]
⇒1(6 - 28) - 2( - 24 - 14) + x[16 + 2] = We have,

| |
0
cos (α+β) -sin (α+β) cos 2 β
⇒ -22 + 76 + 18x = 0⇒x = -3
265 ∆ = sin α cos α sin β

| |
x p -sin α sin α cos β
x+p+q p q

| |
q = x+p+q x q
0 0 cos 2 β+1
p x x+p+q q
q x ⇒∆ = sin α cos α sin β

|p q x
| -cos α sin α cos β

]
| |
(x + p + q) 11 xp q

[
1 1 2
q Applying R →R +R
q x
= sin β+R3cos β
11 p q

|[
= (x + p + q) 0 x-p 0 ⇒∆ = (cos 2 β+1)(sin2 α+cos2 α) = cos 2 β+1,
0 q-p x-q
Which is independent of α
x-p 0
= (x + p + q)

| |
q-p x-q 269
x+1 x+2 x+a
= (x-p)(x-q)(x + p + q)
Given x+2 x+3 x+b = 0
266 x+3 x+4 x+c

We
have,
| 1 4 20
1 -2 5 = 0
1 2x 5x2
Applying R1→ + R1 + R3 - 2R2, we get

|
0
x+2 x+3
0 a+c-2b
x+b | =0
x+3 x+4 x+c

| (
0 -2-2x
6 15 2)
5(1-x R →R -R
a+c-2b )[ 2 +6x+8- x2 +6x+9
0 1R →R
1 -R
2
= 0
⇒ 0 and

|
2
⇒( x ( )] =

1 2x 5x ) 2 2 3

|
⇒(a+c-2b)(-1) = 0
0 1 1
⇒3 ∙ 2 ∙ 5 0 -(1+x) 1-x2 = 0 ⇒2b = a + c
1 x x2
⇒a,b,c are in AP
(Taking common, 3 from R1, 2 from C2 , 5 from
C3) 270

We have,

| |
⇒(1+x) 0 -1 1-x
0 1 1
1 x x2 0
=

P a g e 74
 |
|| |
| |
1+a 1 1
1 1+b 1
n
∑r 1
n(n+1)
2
1 1 1+c
1+1 1 1
∑D = 2∑r-∑1
r=0
r 4 n2

a a a
() 1 ∑2 r-1
5 2n-1

() (
| |
R2→R2 ,R3→R3
b c

= abc
1
1+
1
1 )
Applying R1→R1
a
,

b 1 1
b b
n(n+1)
1 1 1+ 1

|
c c c
n(n+1)
1+ + + 1+ + 1
1 1 1 1 1 2 2
b a b c a n2 4 n2
1 1 1 1 = 2n-1 5 2n-1 = 0
+ 1+ + +

|
c a b c
= 1+1 [∵ two columns are identical]
abc 1 1
b b b 273

| |
1 1 1
c c 1+ 1 α
c
α2
Given, f(α) = α α2 1
Applying R1→R1 + R2 + R3

| |
α2 1 α
1 1 1 = 1(α -1) - α(α -α
3 2 2
) + α2(α - α4)
1
(
= abc 1+ + 1 1
+ )
1
1+ b
1
b = α3 - 1 - 0 + α3 - α6

|
1

|
b
a b c
1 1
1 c 1+ c 3
⇒f( 3 = 3 - 1 - 0 + 3 - 32 = 6 - 10 = -4
c
274
1 0 0

| |
1
1
(
= abc 1+a + 1b 1 c
+ b1
1 0
)
We have,

2a1b1 a1 b2 +a2 a1 b3 +a3

c 1 1
0 1 b b

Applying C2→C2-

( [)
∆ = a1b2+a2b1 2a2b2
C1 C3→C3-C1
a2b3+a3b2
= abc 1+1+1+1 a1b3+a3b1 a3b2+a2b3 2a3b3

This can be written as

a b c

| || |
a1 b1 0 b1 a1 0
271 bec zero.
om
On putting x = 0,we observe that the determinant es
 275 a2 b2 a2 0 = 0
b2 a3 b3 0 b3 a3 0
0

∴∆=
|
0 –a -b
a 0 -c
b c 0
| a 11A 11 + a 12A 12 + a 13A 13

= a(bc) - b(ac) =
| | | | | |
=3 2 1 -2 1 1 +4 1 2
2 6 3 6 3 2
0

Hence, x = 0 is a root of the given =3(12-2) - 2(6-3) + 4(2 - 6)

equation
272 = 30 - 6 - 16 = 8

276
We have,

P a g e 75
 |
x-a x-b x-c
Applying C1→C1 - C3 and - C3
x-b x-c x-a =
C2→C2
0 x-c x-a x-b

||
3 x-(a+b+c) x-b x-c

| |
(x -
⇒ 3 x-(a+b+c) x-c x-a = 0 -1
0 1x
1) 2x -2 x
3 x-(a+b+c) x-a x-b 0 = x

|
= (x-1)[-2x+2x] = 0

∴ f(x) = 0
[Applying C1→C1
+ +
C2 C3

|
1 x-b x-c
⇒{3 x-(a+b+c)} 1 x-c x-a = 0
⇒f(50) = 0

||
1 x-a x-b
1 x-b x-c
⇒{3x-(a+b+c)} 0 b-c c-a = 0
0 b-a c-b

|
⇒{3 x-(a+b+c)}(a2+b2+c2-ab-bc-ca) = 0

⇒x
(a+b+c) [ ∵ a3 + b2 + c2
1
=
3
-ab - bc - ca ≠ 0]

277
Applying C1→C1 + C2 + C3, we

|
obtain x p q
p x q
q q x

||x+p+q
= x+p+q
p q
x
q |
c+p+q q
x

| |
1 p q
= (x+p+q) 1 x q
1 q x

| |[
(x+p+q) 0 x-p

]
1 p q Applying 2R →R2 -R1 ,
=
R3→R3-R1
= (x + p + q)(x - p)(x - q) [Expanding
along C1]

278

| |
1 1 1
Let f(x) = 2x (x-1) x
3x(x-1) (x-1)(x-2) x(x-1)
 1 1 1
= (x - 1) 2x x-1 x
3x x-2 x

P a g e 76