Quantum Computing
Short Notes on Important Topics
1. Basics of Quantum Computing
Qubit: Unlike classical bits (0 or 1), qubits exist in superposition (both 0 & 1).
Superposition: A qubit can be in multiple states simultaneously.
Entanglement: Qubits become interdependent, improving computing power.
Quantum Gates: Operations on qubits (e.g., Hadamard, CNOT).
2. Advancements in Quantum Computing
Google's Quantum Supremacy (2019): Sycamore chip solved a problem in 200 sec vs.
10,000 years for a classical supercomputer.
IBM’s Quantum Roadmap: Plans for 1000+ qubit systems.
Quantum Error Correction: Methods like surface codes to reduce noise.
Development of Quantum Processors: IBM, Google, Rigetti, and IonQ leading the
industry.
3. Challenges in Quantum Computing
Decoherence: Qubits lose their quantum state due to environment interference.
Error Correction: Quantum states are fragile, requiring advanced correction techniques.
Hardware Scalability: Building stable quantum computers with more qubits.
Algorithm Development: Lack of universal quantum algorithms for practical use.
4. Real-World Applications
Cryptography: Shor’s algorithm can break RSA encryption.
Optimization Problems: Solving logistics and finance problems efficiently.
Drug Discovery: Simulating molecular structures for faster drug development.
AI & Machine Learning: Quantum-enhanced learning models.
Material Science: Discovering new materials using quantum simulations.
90-Day Learning Path for Quantum Computing
📅 Phase 1: Fundamentals (Day 1-30)
🟢 Goal: Build a strong foundation in quantum mechanics and computing concepts.
1. Basics of Quantum Mechanics
Learn about wave-particle duality, superposition, entanglement.
📖 Quantum Computing for the Very Curious (Michael Nielsen)
🎥 Quantum Mechanics Playlist - MIT
2. Introduction to Qubits and Quantum Gates
Understand quantum circuits and gate operations.
🛠️ IBM Quantum Experience (Hands-on practice)
📖 Qiskit Textbook
3. Quantum Algorithms Basics
Learn about quantum parallelism and algorithms like Grover’s search.
🎥Quantum Algorithms Explained - Quantum AI
📅 Phase 2: Intermediate Level (Day 31-60)
🟡 Goal: Start implementing quantum algorithms and understand hardware constraints.
1. Quantum Algorithm Implementation
Shor’s Algorithm, Grover’s Algorithm, Quantum Fourier Transform.
📖Quantum Computation and Quantum Information (Nielsen & Chuang)
2. Hands-on Practice with Qiskit
Start coding basic quantum circuits.
🛠️
Qiskit Tutorials
3. Quantum Hardware and Noise Reduction
Study decoherence, quantum noise, and error correction.
📖IBM’s Paper on Quantum Error Correction
📅 Phase 3: Advanced Topics & Real-World Applications (Day 61-90)
🔴 Goal: Work on quantum computing projects and research trends.
1. Advanced Quantum Algorithms
Quantum Annealing, Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE).
🎥 Quantum AI Research - Google
2. Quantum Cryptography & Security
Study Quantum Key Distribution (QKD).
📖 Quantum Cryptography Overview
3. Final Project & Future Trends
Project Ideas:
✅ Build a quantum random number generator.
✅ Implement Grover’s search in Qiskit.
✅ Simulate molecule energy levels using quantum computing.
🛠️ IBM Quantum Challenge – Compete in challenges.
🎥 Quantum Computing Conferences (MIT, IBM)
90-Day Quantum Computing Learning Path – Detailed Breakdown
📅 Phase 1: Fundamentals (Day 1-30)
🎯 Goal: Build a strong foundation in quantum mechanics and quantum computing concepts.
🟢 Week 1: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics & Qubits (Day 1-7)
🔹 Topics to Cover:
✅ Wave-particle duality, superposition, entanglement.
✅ Basic linear algebra (vectors, matrices, complex numbers).
✅ Introduction to qubits and Bloch Sphere representation.
📚 Resources:
Quantum Mechanics - MIT OCW (Lectures + Notes)
Quantum Country: The Basics (Interactive Notes)
Quantum Computing for Beginners – Qiskit
🛠️ Hands-on Practice:
Visualizing qubits using Quirk Quantum Simulator.
🟢 Week 2: Quantum Gates & Circuits (Day 8-14)
🔹 Topics to Cover:
✅ Quantum gates: Hadamard (H), Pauli (X, Y, Z), CNOT, Toffoli, SWAP.
✅ Quantum circuits: Building simple quantum circuits.
✅ Understanding quantum parallelism.
📚 Resources:
Qiskit Textbook – Quantum Gates
Quantum Computing Crash Course (YouTube)
🛠️ Hands-on Practice:
Implementing simple quantum circuits on IBM Quantum Experience.
Simulating quantum gates using Qiskit in Python.
🟢 Week 3: Quantum Algorithms Basics (Day 15-21)
🔹 Topics to Cover:
✅ Introduction to quantum algorithms: Grover’s, Shor’s, Deutsch-Josza.
✅ Understanding quantum speed-up and quantum parallelism.
📚 Resources:
Introduction to Quantum Algorithms – Qiskit
Quantum Computing Explained – MIT
🛠️ Hands-on Practice:
Running basic quantum algorithms on IBM Quantum.
Writing simple Grover’s search algorithm in Qiskit.
🟢 Week 4: Quantum Hardware & Error Correction (Day 22-30)
🔹 Topics to Cover:
✅ How quantum hardware works (Superconducting qubits, Ion traps).
✅ Quantum decoherence and noise in quantum systems.
✅ Basics of quantum error correction (Shor code, surface codes).
📚 Resources:
IBM Quantum Error Correction Paper
Introduction to Quantum Hardware – YouTube
🛠️ Hands-on Practice:
Simulating error correction on IBM Quantum.
Implementing simple error correction codes using Qiskit.
📅 Phase 2: Intermediate Level (Day 31-60)
🎯 Goal: Start implementing quantum algorithms and explore real-world applications.
🟡 Week 5: Advanced Quantum Algorithms (Day 31-37)
🔹 Topics to Cover:
✅ Shor’s Algorithm (for breaking RSA encryption).
✅ Grover’s Algorithm (for searching databases).
✅ Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT).
📚 Resources:
Shor’s Algorithm Explained – Qiskit
Quantum Fourier Transform – IBM
🛠️ Hands-on Practice:
Implementing Grover’s Algorithm in Qiskit.
Running a simple version of Shor’s Algorithm.
🟡 Week 6: Quantum Cryptography & Security (Day 38-44)
🔹 Topics to Cover:
✅ Quantum Key Distribution (QKD).
✅ Post-quantum cryptography (resistant to quantum attacks).
📚 Resources:
Quantum Cryptography Explained – YouTube
Quantum Key Distribution – IBM
🛠️ Hands-on Practice:
Simulating QKD using Qiskit.
🟡 Week 7: Quantum Machine Learning (Day 45-51)
🔹 Topics to Cover:
✅ Quantum-enhanced machine learning models.
✅ Variational Quantum Classifier (VQC).
📚 Resources:
Quantum Machine Learning Overview – Qiskit
Quantum AI Research – Google
🛠️ Hands-on Practice:
Building a quantum neural network in Qiskit.
🟡 Week 8: Quantum Optimization & Real-World Applications (Day 52-60)
🔹 Topics to Cover:
✅ Quantum optimization problems (traveling salesman, logistics).
✅ Applications in finance, healthcare, and AI.
📚 Resources:
Quantum Optimization with Qiskit
🛠️ Hands-on Practice:
Running a quantum optimization problem.
📅 Phase 3: Advanced Topics & Projects (Day 61-90)
🎯 Goal: Work on a quantum computing project and explore advanced research.
🔴 Week 9: Advanced Quantum Error Correction (Day 61-67)
🔹 Topics to Cover:
✅ Surface codes, topological qubits.
📚 Resources:
Advanced Quantum Error Correction – IBM
🛠️ Hands-on Practice:
Implementing surface codes in Qiskit.
🔴 Week 10: Advanced Quantum Research (Day 68-74)
🔹 Topics to Cover:
✅ Quantum supremacy research.
✅ Latest breakthroughs in quantum computing.
📚 Resources:
Google’s Quantum Supremacy Paper
🛠️ Hands-on Practice:
Replicating quantum supremacy experiments using cloud quantum systems.
🔴 Week 11-12: Final Project & Competitions (Day 75-90)
🔹 Final Project Ideas:
✅ Build a quantum random number generator.
✅ Implement Grover’s search on real-world data.
✅ Optimize logistics problems using quantum computing.
📚 Resources:
IBM Quantum Challenge
Quantum Research Conferences – MIT, Google, IBM
🛠️ Final Assessment:
Participate in IBM or Google’s quantum computing hackathons.
Publish a blog or GitHub project on your quantum learning journey.
