service
PRESENTATION
TOPIC:-environmental
consideration like energy
efficiency ,solar energy
SUBMITTED BY
DIVYA – 3404
DATE:-04-02-25
introduction
study pertaining to energy efficiency & solar energy
Sustainable energy
Energy is sustainable if it "meets the needs of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. efinitions of sustainable
energy usually look at its effects on the environment, the economy, and society.
These impacts range from greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution to energy
poverty and toxic waste. Renewable energy sources such as wind, hydro, solar, and
geothermal energy can cause environmental damage but are generally far more
sustainable than fossil fuel sources.
The role of non-renewable energy sources in sustainable energy is controversial.
Nuclear power does not produce carbon pollution or air pollution, but has
drawbacks that include radioactive waste, the risk of nuclear proliferation, and the
risk of accidents. Switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits,
including a lower climate impact, but may lead to a delay in switching to more
sustainable options. Carbon capture and storage can be built into power plants to
remove their carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, but this technology is expensive and
has rarely been implemented.
Efficient energy use
Efficient energy use, or energy efficiency, is the process of reducing the amount of
energy required to provide products and services. There are many technologies and
methods available that are more energy efficient than conventional systems. For
example, insulating a building allows it to use less heating and cooling energy while
still maintaining a comfortable temperature. Another method is to remove energy
subsidies that promote high energy consumption and inefficient energy use.[1]
Improved energy efficiency in buildings, industrial processes and transportation
could reduce the world's energy needs in 2050 by one third.
There are two main motivations to improve energy efficiency. Firstly, one
motivation is to achieve cost savings during the operation of the appliance or
process. However, installing an energy-efficient technology comes with an upfront
cost, the capital cost. The different types of costs can be analyzed and compared
with a life-cycle assessment. Another motivation for energy efficiency is to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions and hence work towards climate action. A focus on energy
efficiency can also have a national security benefit because it can reduce the amount
of energy that has to be imported from other countries.
Energy efficiency and renewable energy go hand in hand for sustainable energy
policies.They are high priority actions in the energy hierarchy.
energy conservation
Energy efficiency and energy conservation are related and often complimentary or
overlapping ways to avoid or reduce energy consumption. Energy efficiency
generally pertains to the technical performance of energy conversion and
energy-consuming devices and to building materials. Energy conservation generally
includes actions to reduce the amount of end-use energy consumption. For example,
installing energy-efficient lights is an efficiency measure. Turning lights off when
not needed, either manually or with timers or motion sensor switches, is a
conservation measure.
Efficiency and conservation measures can help to directly lower consumers' energy
bills and potentially reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with energy use.
Consumers also benefit indirectly when reducing their electricity consumption helps
to reduce demand on the electric system. High electricity demand often results in
higher costs for generating and transmitting electricity that may be passed on to
utility customers.
Examples of energy efficiency and conservation measures for consumers include:
• Buying energy-efficient products and vehicles with high fuel economy
• Using programmable thermostats to control heating and cooling systems
• Installing energy management and control systems in commercial and
industrial facilities
• Turning off lights and electric appliances when not in use
• Participating in energy efficiency and conservation programs that utilities
offer their customers
Solar energy
Solar energy is the radiant energy from the Sun's light and heat, which can be
harnessed using a range of technologies such as solar electricity, solar thermal
energy (including solar water heating) and solar architecture.[1][2][3] It is an
essential source of renewable energy, and its technologies are broadly characterized
as either passive solar or active solar depending on how they capture and distribute
solar energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar techniques include the use of
photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power, and solar water heating to harness
the energy. Passive solar techniques include designing a building for better
daylighting, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light-dispersing
properties, and organizing spaces that naturally circulate air.
In 2011, the International Energy Agency said that "the development of affordable,
inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer-term
benefits. It will increase countries' energy security through reliance on an
indigenous, inexhaustible, and mostly import-independent resource, enhance
sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of mitigating global warming ....
these advantages are global".
Solar power plant
A solar power plant is based on the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either
directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power
(CSP). Concentrated solar power systems use lenses, mirrors, and tracking systems
to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Photovoltaics converts light into
electric current using the photoelectric effect. The largest photovoltaic power plant
in the world was the 354 MW Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS) CSP
installation located in the Mojave Desert, California. Other large CSP plants
include the 250 MW Agua Caliente Solar Project in Arizona,the Solnova Solar
Power Station (150 MW, 250 MW when finished), and the Andasol solar power
station (150 MW), both in Spain.
Concentrated solar power plants first appeared in the 1980s. Solar power is
increasingly used.
The solar power plant is based on the conversion of sunlight into electricity. As the
use of solar energy has been increased nowadays. Not only we save the electricity
with the help of a solar power plant but it also contributes towards the
environment. It converts solar energy into electricity either directly using
photovoltaics.
It is in great use as it is least expensive and provides electricity with sunlight. The
utilization of these products is increasing day by day after knowing the importance
of solar energy use. the government is also taking initiatives to aware the people
about solar products by introducing incentive schemes.
Installing solar power plant is quite beneficial in every aspect not only your pocket
but the entire globe. This solar equipment is used in an active manner and converts
the solar energy into a useable form which can be used for powering all sort of
appliances.
Concentrated solar power system use mirrors, lenses and tracking systems to focus
a large area of sunlight into a small beam. The photoelectric effect coverts the light
into electric current. All the countries all over the globe have decided to bring the
solar products into great use.
As everyone is aware nowadays to contribute towards the globe, our environment
with the help of solar energy. Apart from this, it is a one-time investment and there
will no longer need to spend on heavy electricity cost again and again.
architecture & urban planning
Urban planning, also known as town planning, city planning, regional planning, or
rural planning in specific contexts, is a technical and political process that is
focused on the development and design of land use and the built environment,
including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas,
such as transportation, communications, and distribution networks, and their
accessibility.[1] Traditionally, urban planning followed a top-down approach in
master planning the physical layout of human settlements.[2] The primary concern
was the public welfare,[1][2] which included considerations of efficiency, sanitation,
protection and use of the environment,[1] as well as effects of the master plans on
the social and economic activities.[3] Over time, urban planning has adopted a focus
on the social and environmental bottom lines that focus on planning as a tool to
improve the health and well-being of people, maintaining sustainability standards.
Similarly, in the early 21st century, Jane Jacobs's writings on legal and political
perspectives to emphasize the interests of residents, businesses and communities
effectively influenced urban planners to take into broader consideration of resident
experiences and needs while planning.
Urban planning answers questions about how people will live, work, and play in a
given area and thus, guides orderly development in urban, suburban and rural
areas.[4] Although predominantly concerned with the planning of settlements and
communities, urban planners are also responsible for planning the efficient
transportation of goods, resources, people, and waste; the distribution of basic
necessities such as water and electricity; a sense of inclusion and opportunity for
people of all kinds, culture and needs; economic growth or business development;
improving health and conserving areas of natural environmental significance that
actively contributes to reduction in CO2 emissions[5] as well as protecting heritage
structures and built environments. Since most urban planning teams consist of
highly educated individuals that work for city governments,[6] recent debates focus
on how to involve more community members in city planning processes.
Urban planning is an interdisciplinary field that includes civil engineering,
architecture, human geography, politics, social science and design sciences.
Practitioners of urban planning are concerned with research and analysis, strategic
thinking, engineering architecture, urban design, public consultation, policy
recommendations, implementation and management.[2] It is closely related to the
field of urban design and some urban planners provide designs for streets, parks,
buildings and other urban areas.[7] Urban planners work with the cognate fields of
civil engineering, landscape architecture, architecture, and public administration to
achieve strategic, policy and sustainability goals. Early urban planners were often
members of these cognate fields though today, urban planning is a separate,
independent professional discipline. The discipline of urban planning is the broader
category that includes different sub-fields such as land-use planning, zoning,
economic development, environmental planning, and transportation planning.[8]
Creating the plans requires a thorough understanding of penal codes and zonal
codes of planning.
Another important aspect of urban planning is that the range of urban planning
projects include the large-scale master planning of empty sites or Greenfield
projects as well as small-scale interventions and refurbishments of existing
structures, buildings and public spaces. Pierre Charles L'Enfant in Washington,
D.C., Daniel Burnham in Chicago, Lúcio Costa in Brasília and Georges-Eugene
Haussmann in Paris planned cities from scratch, and Robert Moses and Le
Corbusier refurbished and transformed cities and neighborhoods to meet their ideas
of urban planning.
Horticulture is the art and science of growing ornamental plants, fruits, vegetables,
flowers, trees and shrubs. Horticulture is commonly associated with the more
professional and technical aspects of plant cultivation on a smaller and more
controlled scale than agronomy. There are various divisions of horticulture because
plants are grown for a variety of purposes.[1] These divisions include, but are not
limited to: propagation, arboriculture, landscaping, floriculture and turf
maintenance. For each of these, there are various professions, aspects, tools used
and associated challenges; Each requiring highly specialized skills and knowledge of
the horticulturist.
Typically, horticulture is characterized as the ornamental, small-scale and
non-industrial cultivation of plants; horticulture is distinct from gardening by its
emphasis on scientific methods, plant breeding, and technical cultivation practices,
while gardening, even at a professional level, tends to focus more on the aesthetic
care and maintenance of plants in gardens or landscapes. However, some aspects of
horticulture are industrialized or commercial such as greenhouse production or
CEA.
cooking
A solar cooker is a device which uses the energy of direct sunlight to heat, cook or
pasteurize drink and other food materials. Many solar cookers currently in use are
relatively inexpensive, low-tech devices, although some are as powerful or as
expensive as traditional stoves, and advanced, large scale solar cookers can cook for
hundreds of people.Because these cookers use no fuel and cost nothing to operate,
many nonprofit organizations are promoting their use worldwide in order to help
reduce fuel costs and air pollution, and to help slow down deforestation and
desertification.
