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Coordinate Geometry Add Math

The document contains solutions to various problems related to coordinate geometry, specifically focusing on circles. It includes determining the center, radius, and equations of tangents and normals for given circle equations. The problems span multiple years, showcasing different methods to analyze and derive properties of circles.

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Pri Ramtahal
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

Coordinate Geometry Add Math

The document contains solutions to various problems related to coordinate geometry, specifically focusing on circles. It includes determining the center, radius, and equations of tangents and normals for given circle equations. The problems span multiple years, showcasing different methods to analyze and derive properties of circles.

Uploaded by

Pri Ramtahal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Coordinate Geometry

June 2015

The equation of a circle is given by 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 12𝑥 − 22𝑦 + 152 = 0

a) Determine the coordinates of the center of the circle


b) Find the length of the radius
c) Determine the equation of the normal to the circle at the point (4,10)

Solution

a) The equation of the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 12𝑥 − 22𝑦 + 152 = 0 can be written as 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 +


2(−6)𝑥 + 2(−11)𝑦 + 152 = 0

The center of the circle is (−(−6), −(−11)) = (6,11)

b) The length of the radius = √(−6)2 + (−11)2 − (152)

= √36 + 121 − 152

= √5 units

c)

Let the center of the circle be (6,11)

Let 𝑃 be the point (4,10)

The angle made by the tangent to a circle and the radius at the point of contact is a right angle. Hence,
the normal to the circle at 𝑃 is the line (radius) 𝐶𝑃
11−10 1
The gradient of 𝐶𝑃 = 6−4
=2
The equation of the normal to the circle at 𝑃 is
𝑦 − 10 1
=
𝑥−4 2
2𝑦 − 20 = 𝑥 − 4
2𝑦 = 𝑥 + 16
1
𝑦 = 𝑥+8
2

June 2017

A circle 𝐶 has an equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 20 = 0.

a) Express the equation in the form (𝑥 + 𝑓)2 + (𝑦 + 𝑔)2 = 𝑟 2


b) State the coordinates of the center and the value of the radius of circle 𝐶
c) Determine the points of intersection of circle 𝐶 and the equation 𝑦 = 4 − 𝑥

Solution

a) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 20 = 0

𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 − 20 = 0

(𝑥 + 2)2 − 4 + (𝑦 − 1)2 − 1 − 20 = 0

(𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 20 + 1 + 4

(𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = (5)2

b) The equation of the circle is (𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = (5)2

∴ The center of the circle is (−(2), 1) = (−2,1) and the radius is √(5)2 = 5 units

c) To determine the points of intersection of 𝐶 and 𝑦 = 4 − 𝑥, we solve equations simultaneously

Substitute 𝑦 = 4 − 𝑥 into the equation of the circle

(𝑥 + 2)2 + (4 − 𝑥 − 1)2 − (5)2 = 0

(𝑥 + 2)2 + (3 − 𝑥)2 − 25 = 0
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 + 9 − 6𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 25 = 0

2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 12 = 0 ÷2

𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 6 = 0
(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 2) = 0

∴ 𝑥 = 3 or −2

When 𝑥 = 3

𝑦 =4−3=1

When 𝑥 = −2

𝑦 = 4 − (−2) = 6

∴ The points of intersection are (3,1) and (−2,6)

June 2019

A circle with center (1, −1) passes through the point (4,3)

a) Calculate the radius of the circle


b) Write the equation of the circle in the form 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑓𝑥 + 2𝑔𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0
c) Determine the equation of the tangent to the circle at the point (4,3)

Solution

a)
2
Length of the radius = √(4 − 1)2 + (3 − (−1))

= √(3)2 + (4)2

= √25 = 5 units

b) The equation is (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2


2
So the equation of the given circle is (𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 − (−1)) = (5)2

𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 + 1 = 25

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 23 = 0

c)

The angle made by a tangent to a circle and a radius at the point of contact is a right angle.

Gradient of the radius


3 − (−1) 3 + 1 4
= = =
4−1 3 3
3
∴ The gradient of the tangent = − 4 since the product of the gradients of perpendicular lines is −1

The equation of the tangent to the circle at (4,3) is


𝑦−3 3
=−
𝑥−4 4
4(𝑦 − 3) = −3(𝑥 − 4)
4𝑦 − 12 = −3𝑥 + 12
4𝑦 = −3𝑥 + 24
June 2021

The coordinates for the center of a circle is (2,1) and the coordinates for a point on its circumference is
(3,3)

a) Determine the equation of the circle in the form 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0


b) The circle intersects the 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes at three points. Determine the coordinates of the three
points of intersection
c) Determine the equation of the tangent to the circle at the point (3,3)

Solution

a)

Length of radius = √(3 − 2)2 + (3 − 1)2

= √1 + 4 = √5

2
The equation of the circle is (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = (√5)

𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 1 = 5

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0

b) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0

When 𝑥 = 0

𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 = 0
𝑦(𝑦 − 2) = 0
𝑦 = 0 or 𝑦 = 2
∴ The circle cute the 𝑦 −axis at (0,0) and (0,2)

When 𝑦 = 0

𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 = 0
𝑥(𝑥 − 4) = 0
𝑥 = 0 or 𝑥 = 4

∴ The circle cuts the 𝑥 −axis at (0,0) and (4,0)

The three points of intersection with the axes are (0,0), (4,0) and (0,2)

c)

3−1
Gradient of the radius = 3−2 = 2

The angle made by the tangent to a circle and a radius at the point of contact is a right angle. Hence the
1
gradient of the tangent= − 2 (The product of the gradients of perpendicular lines = −1)

The equation of the tangent is


𝑦 − 3 −1
=
𝑥−3 2
2(𝑦 − 3) = −(𝑥 − 3)
2𝑦 − 6 = −𝑥 + 3
2𝑦 = −𝑥 + 9
June 2022

The equation of a circle is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 − 8𝑦 + 10 = 0

a) Determine the coordinates of its center and the length of the radius of the circle
b) Determine the equation of the tangent to the circle at the point 𝑃(−5,5)

Solution

a) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 − 8𝑦 + 10 = 0

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2(2)𝑦 + 2(−4)𝑦 + 10 = 0

Center of the circle is (−(2), −(−4)) = (−2,4)

Radius = √𝑔2 + 𝑓 2 − 𝑐

= √(2)2 + (−4)2 − 10

= √4 + 16 − 10 = √10 units

A sketch of the circle is shown below

−(𝑥+𝑔)
b) Gradient of the tangent =
𝑦+𝑓

(𝑥, 𝑦) is the point where the tangent is drawn and (−𝑔, −𝑓) is the centre of the circle

−(−5 + 2)
= =3
5 + (−4)

∴ The equation of the tangent at (−5,5) is


𝑦−5
=3
𝑥 − (−5)
𝑦 − 5 = 3(𝑥 + 5)
𝑦 − 5 = 3𝑥 + 15
𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 20

June 2023

The equation of a circle is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 − 18𝑦 + 93 = 0

a) Determine the coordinates of the center of the circle


b) Find the length of the radius
c) Find the equation of the normal to the circle at the point (2,8)

Solution

a) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 − 18𝑦 + 93 = 0

x 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2(−4)𝑥 + 2(−9)𝑦 − 93 = 0

Center (−(−4), −(−9)) = (4,9)

b) Length of the radius = √𝑔2 + 𝑓 2 − 𝑐

= √(−4)2 + (−9)2 − 93

= √16 + 81 − 93

= √4 = 2 units

c)
9−8 1
Gradient of the normal = 4−2 = 2
1
Equation of the normal using the point (4,9) and gradient = 2

1
𝑦 − 9 = (𝑥 − 4)
2
2𝑦 − 18 = 𝑥 − 4
2𝑦 = 𝑥 + 14

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