Introductory concepts of ICT, Computer System, Windows,

ICT201 Ms-Word and Internet HCTE

Part One: Theoretical Concept What is information?
 Information is a processed form of data.
UNIT ONE: INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS OF ICT
 It is related to other facts, and is therefore meaningful.
WHAT IS ICT?  Information is data that relates who, what, where and when
 ICT (information and communications technology - or to each other, providing a baseline for a process or a
technologies) is an umbrella term that includes any procedure.
communication device or application Characteristics of valuable information:
 Communication devices/product:  Accurate - conveys the true situation
-Radio -Television - Cellular phones  Timely - is available in time to make decisions
-Computer -Network, hardware & software  Useable- is portrayed in common, easily understood formats
-Satellite systems etc.… and displays
 Services and applications associated with ICT, such as  Complete - provides all necessary data
-video conferencing  Precise - has the required level of detail
-distance learning What is knowledge?
WHAT IS IT?  Knowledge is the application of information
 Information technology (IT) refers to the use of computers  Knowledge addresses how and why, in addition to whom,
and networks to: what, where and when.
-Store -Process -Receive data  The knowledge links all the information together to produce
It includes: a comprehensive policy, process or procedures
 Processes, computer software & hardware, information d Application areas of ICT
programming languages.  ICT can be used in all sectors. The following are common
 Set of tools, processes, and methodologies and associated application areas of ICT.
equipment used to collect, process, and present information. I. In higher education
 In broad terms, it also includes office automation, , and II. Communication
telecommunications. III. Telecommunications and airline industries
Data, information and knowledge IV. Research and experiments
What is data? V. Data exploration and management
 Data commonly defined as raw facts and figures, observation Uses of ICT in education:
 Can be represented by numerals, text, video, or images I. Learning and computer assisted instruction programs used
 Data alone tells no history. to improve the teaching- learning process.
 Data represents facts or figures obtained from experiments II. The use of internet facilitates communication among
or surveys, used as basis for making calculations or drawing students and teachers.
conclusions III. ICT can enhance the quality of education in several ways
IV. Motivating to learn

1
 ICT201 HCTE
V. Enhancing teacher training I. Based on storage capacity and performance efficiency
VI. Helps for e-learning and distance learning By their capacity of storage and performance efficiency a computer
What is Computer? system can be classified as
 Computer is a word derived from the Greek term compute 1. Super computers: this type of computers is multi-user,
which means to calculate. multiprocessor large computer of very high efficiency and storing
 Computer is defined as an electronic computing device, capacity. They are the largest of all computers in terms of their
characterized by high speed and accuracy. physical size, storage capacity, processing speed and their cost.
 It can handle data processing, storing, and retrieval 2. Mainframe computer: it is the second powerful multi-user
following a set of instructions and orders to get the required computer and is used in large business organizations, industries
results. and in defense to process data of complex nature. It responds for
 Computer is an electronic device that accepts and processes several hundred requests very quickly. It uses several CPU for data
data, converting it into information that is very useful to processing. More than 100 users can use mainframe computer at a
people. time because it works on time sharing mode.
Characteristics of Computers 3. Minicomputers: are larger and more powerful than most
Following are some of the characteristics of computers, which have microcomputers but are smaller and less powerful than mainframe
made them an essential part of every emerging technology and computers. Minicomputers can do all the tasks of mainframe
such a desirable tool in human development: computers but in a reduced scale. So minicomputers are multi-user
-Automatic - Speed -Accuracy - High storage capacity computer and support more than dozens of people at a time. It is
-Diligence - Versatility -Power of remembrance costlier than microcomputer. They are used small to medium sized
Limitations of computers organizations such as universities.
Even though computers do have their own positively listed 4. Microcomputers: are the most popular and widely used type’s
characteristics, they do have their own characteristics. Some of the computers. They are also known as personal computer (pc) because
limitations are: they are single user computers. Students, professionals other
I. No intelligence: a computer is not magical device. It can individual use them due to their small size, low price, and low
only perform tasks that a human being can, but with maintenance cost and easy in operation. There are many different
unthinkable speed and accuracy. types of microcomputers, such as desktop, laptops, tablet
II. No feelings: computers are devoid of emotion. They have no computers and smart phones.
feelings and no instincts because they are machines. II. Based on type of data they handle:
Classification of computers By the type of data computers handle, computers are classified as:
We can classify computers based on different criteria. Some bases 1. Digital computers: are electronic devices that process discrete
of classifications of computers are as follows:- data and calculations using digits represented by number forms in
I. Storage capacity and performance efficiency high speed. In this sense, binary system is used to represent the
II. The type of data they handle values of variables and quantities.
III. The purpose they are designed

2
 ICT201 HCTE
2. Analogue computers: are electronic devices that work on wave’s
principle. They are used in specific to measure continuous flow of
data which can expressed in tangible quantities such as
atmospheric pressure, temperature, and voltage.
3. Hybrid computers: are devices that incorporate the qualities of
the previous two types (digital and analogue). They are used in
scientific fields processing necessary data from both kinds.
III. Based on their purpose
Computers can also be classified as general purpose and specific
purpose.
1. General purpose computers: designed for multipurpose
functions such as salaries and wages, and processing the storage
operation in factories and establishments, analyze sales for they are
flexible to assure efficiency, commercial, scientific, medical, and
engineering fields.
2. Special purpose computers: designed for specific functions The major components of Computer Hardware are:
such as early alarm devise and computers used in industrial 1. Input devices
operations, which may be microcomputers or minicomputer 2. Output devices
3. Processor (The Central Processing Unit)
UNIT TWO: COMPUTER SYSTEMS
Computer is an electronic device that accepts data, 4. Storage devices
process data, store information and communicates I. Input Devices
information. An input device is defined as an electronic device that
 A Computer system is a group of hardware allows the user to feed information (data) into the
components and associated software, designed and computer for the purpose of analysis, storage, and to give
assembled to perform a specific function or group of commands to the computer.
functions.
Keyboard: Keyboard is the standard input device. Using a
 A computer system has two main parts namely:
hardware and software. keyboard, the user can type text and execute commands.
WHAT IS COMPUTER HARDWARE? Pointing Devices: It is used to point to the location of
Computer hardware is visible and tangible part of the objects on the monitor screen. Some of the commonly used
computer. For example: Monitor, keyboard, mouse, pointing devices are mouse, trackball, joystick, light pen
printer, modem, scanner and other peripheral devices. and touch screen.

3
 ICT201 HCTE
Scanning devices: Scanning devices or scanners are used in this unit that the actual processing of data takes place.
to convert images such as pictures and text into digital It controls and manipulates the data to produce
images that can be directly manipulated by the computer. information. The CPU has two major functions:
Digital Camera: Used for image and video input data.  Co-ordinates and controls the computer’s activities,
Microphone: A microphone is used to accept and convert retrieving files, interpreting data etc
audio input into digital data.  Performs arithmetic and Logic operations using bits.
Parts of CPU: CPU has three major parts.
II. Output Devices
Output devices are peripheral devices through which 1. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) : this is the part
of the CPU that executes the computer's commands
processed data is made available for humans. In other
by doing arithmetic or the logical comparisons.
words output devices convert machine readable data or 2. Control Unit (CU) : The control Unit controls the
information into human readable form. The computer whole computer system.
output generated by output devices is of two forms: Hard 3. Registers: these are the memory areas in the CPU
copy and soft copy. The printed form of output is referred that store data and instructions while the CPU
as hard copy while the form of output which is shown on a processes.
display screen or is in audio or voice form is referred as IV. Storage Device or Computer Memory
soft copy. The storage unit comprises of two types of storage:
Monitors: - Monitors display processed data in the form of 1. Primary Storage or Main Memory
image. Generally, we can classify Monitors into different Primary storages are also called internal storages or
groups based on: memory. They are called main storages because they are
Printer-is a computer peripheral device that produces a located in the motherboard of the computer. There are two
hard copy (permanent human-readable text and/or kinds of main storages or primary memories.
graphics, usually on paper) from data stored in a 1. RAM (Random Access Memory): It is type of main
computer connected to it. memory used to store programs and data currently being
Other output Devices are: PC Projector, Speaker. processed by CPU. It is volatile and temporary storage.
2. ROM (Read Only Memory): ROM is non-volatile storage.
III. Processor (The Central Processing Unit) This means that when the power to the computer is turned
The central processing unit (CPU) is the portion of a off, the content of the ROM is not lost.
computer system that carries out the instructions of 2. Secondary or Auxiliary Storage Devices
computer program, to perform the basic arithmetical, It is used to supplement the limited storage capacity and
logical, and input operations of the system. It is the volatile characteristic of primary storage. It is much
considered to be the brain of the computer because it is cheaper than primary storage and permanent storage.
4
 ICT201 HCTE
Hard disk, flash disk, memory card, CD, DVD are some tasks rather than just managing a computer system.
examples. Commonly used categories of application software are:
What is Computer Software? Word Processor: word processor is a computerized
Software comprises the programs that tell the hardware typewriter, which permits the electronic creation, editing
what to do. A program is a sequence of instructions stored formatting, filing and printing of text. Example: MS word,
in the memory of the computer system. A Software is a set Word pad, Note pad etc.
of instructions that tell the computer hardware how, what Spreadsheets: are electronic worksheets used for storing
and when to do a given task or operation.
and analyzing both statistical and mathematical data. A
spreadsheet contains variety of mathematical and
statistical functions and formulas. Example: Excel
Database Management Systems (DBMS): is a set of one
or more programs that enable users to design, create, and
maintain database (i.e. add, delete and update its records).
Examples Access, Oracle, SQL
Presentation Software: is software that used for
designing graphical based effective presentation materials
such as lectures, outlines, demonstrations etc. Example:
PowerPoint.
Data Measurement in Computer
Data in the computer is represented by only two
characters 0 & 1. This representation system is known as
binary representation. To measure the data stored in
the computer we use the units bit, byte and word and etc.
Operating System: Operating system software manages These units are used to measure data in the computer
most of computer’s activities including the allocation of based on the binary number system that uses 0s and 1s.
computer resources, maintenances and running of Bit: It is the smallest unit of data measurement in the
application software. computer. One bit means one 0 or a single character 1.
Application Software Byte: The basic unit. One byte means a group of eight
The most often used software by a general user is the bits. 1KB=210 B, 1MB=2 20 B, 1GB= 2 30 B and 1TB= 2 40 B
application software. It is used to accomplish specific Word: Word refers to the number of bits or bytes that a
computer process at a time or a transmission media
transmits at a time.
5
 ICT201 HCTE
Part Two: Practical Work Windows desktop elements
Unit One: Introduction to Windows
Contents Background
1. Basic on Ms-Windows. Icon

2. Working on desktop.
3. Working on file and folder.
4. Working on application program.
What is Ms-Windows OS?
It is:- Task
• GUI operating system Bar

• Multi-task operating system

• Single user OS Start Status
• The product of Microsoft company Button Bar
• User friendly unlike MS-DOS
How to start a computer
 Background: Place on which desktop information
To boot/start a computer follow these steps
and icons are located
Step1. Turn on the monitor
 Icon: Symbol to represent MS Windows object such
Step2. Turn on the system unit
as program file, data file, folder …
Step3. Wait for a minute or two while the computer starts
 Task Bar: Place on which minimized work programs
up and windows desktop will appear on your monitor.
and folders are located
Turning off the computer
 Status Bar: Place on which working status of a
Step 1: Close all windows.
certain background program is located
Step 2: Click on “Start” once.
 Start Button: Application starting point
Step 3: Click on Turn Off Computer/ Shut Down.
Step 4: Click once on “Turn Off” or “OK”.
Step 5: Turn off the Monitor.

6
 ICT201 HCTE
Changing desktop background
Step1. Right click on open area of desktop.
Keyboard Layout Step2. Click on properties.
Step3. Click on Desktop.
Step4. Select the background under background list.
Function Insert/Delete Print Home/
ESC Keys Scree End Step5. Click on Apply
n
Backspac Step6. Click OK
e Page
Caps
Lock
Up/Down
Basic on Window
A window is a rectangular framed region through which a
Shif
t
Num
Lock
given program can run.
1. Starting and quitting windows
Ctrl(Control) Numeric
To open a program/ window you have two options:
Key Pad  Using Icons on desktop
Alt(Alternative
Space Bar Enter
Arrow
 Using start button
) keys I. Using desktop
There are three methods:-
Right
Method I
The Mouse  Double click on its icon
left Method II
 Click once to select and press Enter key
• Left button operations Method III
– Click: press and release one time  Right click on its icon and select open
– Double Click: click two times within short time II. Using start button
– Drag: press and moving cursor position without  Click start button and select your option on start
release menu.
– Drag and Drop: drag and release in a certain Note the program you want to open run through window
point and its icon and name will appear on Left Top corner and
• Right Button operation on taskbar.
– Same operation like left button can be applied Closing a Windows
In general, mouse has three basic functions. You can use • Click once on the close [X] button in the top- right
mouse for pointing, selecting and dragging object. corner.
• Click on file then click on exit/close
• Press Alt + F4

7
 ICT201 HCTE
-To move window: put the cursor on title bar and drag the
Windows Components mouse.
Each time a program is launched a window is opened. -To resize window: put the cursor on any side/border of
Regardless of the application, all windows have common window and drag when its shape changes to one of these.
components: title bar, menu bar, scroll bar, minimize
button, maximize button and close button are almost Working on multiple windows
common in all windows. It is possible to open and work more one window or
application at same time.
To run more than one program at same time:
The elements of Windows  Start the first program.
 Start the second program without ending the first
Title
Bar
Minimize
Maximize
Button
one and continue running more program without
Control
Button
ending the previous one until other factor prohibit
Menu Box
you to open more.
 All opened applications are representing as icon on
Menu
Bar
Close
Button taskbar.
To switch between running application
Scroll
Butto
 Click on the desired application button on taskbar.
n
Working on Simple Application Software
It is a set of programs designed to perform a certain
Horizonta
l Scroll
Bar
Working
Area
Vertical
Scroll
Resize
Area
instruction. Based on different type of software a user can
Bar
solve various real problems. Word processing,
Spreadsheet, Database management system and other
Working on Windows (windows operations) publishing software are some of the most popular
You can Open, Minimize, Maximize, Restore, Move, application software in office or in workspace. Among
Resize and Close windows. other the following are simple application software.
How do you do these operations? WordPad- word processing (to create, edit and print text
-To open window: Use either desktop icon or start document)
button. Notepad – the same function as WordPad.
-To minimize window: click once on minimizing button. Calculator - to perform simple numerical calculation
-To display minimize window: click the name on taskbar Paint –drawing tools. Used to process simple image and
-To switch between maximize and Restore Mode: click their graphic document
button

8
 ICT201 HCTE
Note you should open before directly start to work with 4. Click OK
them. You can use Accessory or Run menu to open these
program. Working on WordPad
Open WordPad, notepad, calculator and paint. You can create, save, edit, format and print simple text
1. Using Windows Accessory document. After starting WordPad, you will see a vertical
1. Click on Start button. blinking symbol called insertion point. It indicates the
2. point on All programs from start menu position of user input like character and command.
3. point on Accessory from submenu Creating Document: Follow these steps
4. Choose the program from accessory menu. And the  Open WordPad
program will open up with window.  A new blank document will appear with insertion
point.
 Type (write) your document
Please use the following keyboard keys
Spacebar key- to create space between words
Enter key – to move insertion point on the next line
Backspace –to delete character to the left insertion point
Delete – to remove character to the right of insertion point.
Arrow keys –to move the insertion point.
To Save file
1. Click File
2. Click Save As…
3. Select the location you want to save in (My
Document).
4. Enter the file name like TestOne.
5. Click Save
To exit WordPad
 Click once on close button
To open existing file
1. Click File
2. Click Open…
2. Using Run menu
3. Select the location you want to save in (My
1. Click Start button
Document).
2. Select Run
4. Select the file name.
3. Type the program name
5. Click Open
(wordpad, notepad, calc)

9
 ICT201 HCTE
Note lets go this because you will learn more on word Step 3: Type the new name you want to use using the
processing as the lesson progress (MS-word application). keyboard
Working on Calculator Step 4: Press the “Enter” key from the Keyboard
It is very useful for numerical calculator. It has two mode:
scientific and standard type. Open and start to use by Delete Folder or File
selecting operands and operators like your real calculator.  Right click on the object you want to delete and
Working on File and Folder select Delete.
File: is a named document that is created by computer OR
application Program.  Select the object and press “Delete” from the
Folder: is a container of files, program and other folders. keyboard
Operation on file(s) or folder(s) Recycle Bin to Restore
• Creation • Deleted item(s) is(are) stored in “Recycle Bin”
• Deletion temporally, which means deleted item(s) is(are) not
• Rename from one name to the other name deleted physically, in effect.
• Copy from one place to the other place • So, you can restore the deleted item(s) into the original
-Original copy will reside in original location as it was, location, if you want or if item(s) was(were) deleted,
even after copy operation maybe, by mistake.
• Move from one place to the other place Step1.Open Recycle Bin
-Original copy will be removed from original location, Step2. Right click and select Restore.
once that is copied to the other place.
Creating a Folder on the Desktop
Step 1: Right click once on the desktop
Step 2: Select the choice “New” by left clicking once on
“New”
Step 3: Select the choice “Folder” by left clicking once on
“Folder”
Step 4: Using keyboard enter the name of the folder. For
example “Love”
Step 5. Press “Enter” on the keyboard
****No two folders can have the same name in same
location.
Rename folder and File
Step 1: Right click on the object
Step 2: Click on “Rename”

10
 ICT201 HCTE

Activity 1: Do the following tasks. Unit Two: Microsoft Word Application

1. Create a folder PALANTINO. Software
2. Open the program WORDPAD and type the following
blocks of text.
We start with brain storming mode
Learning science and technology have a great implication  What is application package?
on to do different things or to do things differently.  What is word processor?
3. Save it with file name LastPractice in PALANTINO  What is word processing?
folder  What MS- Word is?
Search For File or Folder What can you say about them? Please discuss in pair and
To search files and folders from any path or location: tell the possible answers for your instructor. The possible
Step 1: Click on “Start”
answers could be:-
Step 2: Click on “Search”
Step 3: Click on ‘All Files and folders’  Application package: is a set of program that
Step 4: From the result window type the name that you designed to perform (solve) a task in specific area.
want to search.  Word processor: is an application package designed
Step 5: Click on “Search” to perform word processing using computers.
 Word processing: is the set of operations you
Dragging File (Folder) to Folder perform in creating modifying storing and printing
Drag and Drop any type of written document by computer.
Step 1: Create two folders on the desktop and name one  MS- Word: is a word processor that designed to
“Love” and the other “Happy” process word for word processing.
Step 2: Select the “Happy” folder to be drag MS- Word is the most popular word processor. It is part of
Step3: Click and move the “Happy” folder simultaneously
a package called “Microsoft Office”. MS-Word is a full
Step 4: When you reach the “Love” folder release
Step 5: Open the folder to make sure that it was success. featured word processor that supports more tools and
facilities than text editor. With MS Word we can create
files or documents, such as letters, lesson plans,
handouts, memo and etc. In general, using MS-word you
can create a document that range from simple to complex
even internet based web pages. It contains advanced
11
 ICT201 HCTE
facilities and features like Font, Grammar and Spelling, includes inserting next text, removing unnecessary text
Auto correct, Mail merge, Auto format and Styles, Wizard or incorrect text and rearranging text position.
and Templates, more and more. 6. Formatting: It is process of changing the appearance
To prepare and print a text document you need to follow of text for better appearance and layout with no content
basic steps and guidelines as below:- change. Note that editing can modify the document
1. Turn on the computer system if not turned on. contents.
2. Start the program “Ms-word”. It provides you a blank 7. Printing: It is the last step in document preparation. It
text editor (document) with insertion point. If the is a process of having hard copy on paper but you need
system will not supply you a blank document area, you printer plugged to the computer.
should able to create it using standard tool bar by These are the basic steps on how to perform basic type
clicking new blank document button. of document preparation procedures to create a new
text document successfully.
3. Entering text using keyboard and the insertion point
How do we open MS. Word?
shows where the new typing character will appear.
Method I
4. Saving a document: It is the most basic operation
Step 1: Click on “Start”
during document preparation. The data or information Step 2: click on “All Programs”
you enter will be stored in RAM which stores data Step 3: Click on “Microsoft Office”
Step 4: Click on “MS. Word”
temporally because RAM lost its contents when the
Method II
computer is turned off. So the document should be
Click Start button ►Select Run ►type winword ► click
stored in secondary storage device if you need it for Ok
further use in future time. Note that to open MS-Word use your preferred method
because always there is no one best method to do things
5. Editing: Sometime you may get an error on what you
on computer.
have typed. With it the document need to be modified to
make what you have typed correct and readable. It

12
 ICT201 HCTE
To create a New/Blank Document When MS. Word is Activity 1: Please type the following sentences
“Pretty women wonder where my secret lies. I'm not cute
Already Opened
or built to suit a fashion model's size.”
Step1: Click on “File” How To Save a New Document
Step 2: Click on “New” Step 1: Click on “File”
Step 3: Click “Blank Document” from the menu on the Step 2: Click on “Save As…”
Step 3: Type the name of the document in the area that
right side of the screen
said “File Name”
Entering text on document area Step 4: Click on “Save”
Rules for Typing Text on MS-Word Opening an Existing Document when Ms. Word is
1. To make a capital letter hold down the “Shift key + already opened
the letter” (Ex: Shift +A) Step 1: Click on “File”
2. To enter special characters above the numbers, hold Step 2: Click on “Open”
down the “Shift key + the number/character key” Step 3: Click on “My Document” (if it not already selected)
3. To type in all capital letters press the “Caps Lock” Step 4: Locate your file and click on it
key, Step 5: Click on “Open”
4. There must be a space after each word, use the Print Preview
“Spacebar” for this Step 1: Click on “File”
5. You capitalize the first letter of a proper noun (Ex: Step 2: Click on “Print Preview” to preview a document
Ethiopia, Ahmed ) Step 3: Click on “Close” to stop preview
6. To erase text you can use the “Backspace” key or the Printing a Document
“Delete” key Step 1: Click on “File”
7. There must be two spaces after Step 2: Click on “Print”
 Full stops (.) Step 3: Select printer
 Question marks (?) Step 4: Indicate the page range (All, Current Page, Pages,
 Exclamation marks (!) and Selection)
 Colon (:) Step 5: Indicate number of pages
If there is a red line under a word it is either misspelled or Step 6: Click on “OK’
it’s not an English word Editing a Document
If you have a green line under a word it is either a
Editing a document is the most important to task during
grammatical error or there are too many spaces between
the words. document preparation to make it more readable,
meaningful and correct by means of modifying what you

13
 ICT201 HCTE
have created. Editing operation includes: remove incorrect Activity 2. Type the following
text, inserting new text and replacing text. A smart hand phone capable of reading your moods & re-
Moving a document directing incoming calls if it senses bad vibes.
1. Select the options given below.
1. Using Keyboard:
 The whole text
Arrow key(left, right, up, down), End, Home, PgUp, PgDn.
 Only the word moods
Home- Move to the beginning of the line
Note that there are so many alternative to select
End- Move to the End of the line
document.
Right arrow- Move one character to the right
Editing Commands
Left arrow- Move one character to the left
Undo: to reverse action begin from the last
Up arrow- Move one line up
Redo: to reverse the last undo.
Down arrow- Move one line down
Backspace: to delete text to the left of insertion point
PgUp- Move up one window
Delete key: to erase text to the right of insertion point.
PgDn-Move down one window
Cut: to remove text from its original position
Ctrl + Home-Move to the top of a document
Copy: to copy text from text area to clipboard
Ctrl + End -Move to the bottom of a document
Paste: to copy text from clipboard to insertion point area.
2. Using Mouse: Click that particular position.
Use Copy+Paste: to duplicate text.
Selecting Text
Shading or highlighting a block of text like Computer Undo and Redo
Science is selection. You need to select text before you
perform editing command like Cut, Copy, Move, Delete and Undo button . Redo Button
others. Activity
To select text block: Use either of them. Type: Hello, everyone, how you doing?
1. Click and drag 1. Click Undo three times.
2. Click at the beginning of text, and then hold down What did you see? ---------------
shift key and click at the end of text block. 2. Click Redo three times
3. To select the whole text: Click Select menu What did you see? --------------
►Select All To cut text:
You can use the first two methods to select either some 1. Select the text you want to cut
portion of text or the whole text.

14
 ICT201 HCTE

2. Choose Cut on standard toolbar or Edit menu. Character Formatting

To cut and move other place:
1. Select the text you want to cut It includes Font, Font size, Bold, italic, underline, font
color and others. Using format toolbars/ menu bar /it’s
2. Choose Cut on standard toolbar.
possible to change Font,
3. Leave insertion point where the cut text will
appears. Note that the first step of character formatting is text
selection.
4. Click Paste on standard toolbar
To Copy text: Using Format toolbars.
1. Select the text you want to copy Step 1: Select the text
Step 2: Select the appropriate button on standard toolbar
2. Choose Copy on standard toolbar or Edit menu.
3. Leave insertion point where the text will appear. (Font, Font style, font color, etc.)
Example: to change text size:
4. Click Paste on standard toolbar or Edit menu.
1. Select the text.
Activity
Type: You practices need to be better. 2. Select the desired number on Font size list.
1. Cut the text “need” and insertion after “you”.
Paragraph Formatting—is the placement of text
2. Using “Delete” key to erase the letter‘s’.
2. Copy and paste three times on different line. on the page.
1. Alignment (Left, Right, Center, Justify)—Position of
Formatting: Making the document more attractive text on the page
2. Line Spacing (Single, Double, 1.5 line, At least)—
without modifying the contents.
Spaces between lines
Type of documents formatting 3. Bullet and Numbering
1. Character Formatting 4. Indentation (decrease, increase)
5. Drop Cap
2. Paragraph Formatting
6. Border
3. Page Formatting.

15
 ICT201 HCTE
Alignment (Left, Right, Center, Justify)—Using Drop Cap- to format the first letter of the paragraph.
Formatting Toolbar Step 1: Leave the insertion point before the first letter of
Step 1: Select Text the paragraph.
Step 2: Click on your choice Step 2: Click on “Insert menu”
Line Spacing (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3)—Using Formatting Step 3: Click on “Drop Cap…”
Toolbar Step 4: Choose dropped position.
Step 1: Select Text Step 5: Click on OK.
Step 2: Click on your choice from toolbar Page Formatting
Bullet and Numbering—Using the Formatting Toolbar
1. Inserting Header and Footer
Step 1: Select text
Step 1: Click on “Insert Menu”
Step 2: Click on Numbering or Bullets Icon from the Step 2: Click on “Header “ or “Footer”
formatting toolbar Step 3: Insert or type the header or footer that you want
Step 4: Click “Close”
Bullet and Numbering—Using Menu
2. Inserting page number
Step 1: Select text
Step 1: Click on “Insert Menu”
Step 2: Click on “Bulleted” for bullets and “Numbered” for Step 2: “Click on Page Number…”
numbers and letters Step 3: Select Position and Alignment from the menu
Step 4: Click OK
Step 3: Select the one you want from the given list.
3. Border and Shading
Indentation(decrease, increase) Using Formatting
Step 1: Click on “Page layout”
Toolbar Step 2: Click on “Borders and Shading”
Step 1: Select Text Step 3: Click on “Page Borders” and then select page
border for page and Border for paragraph border
Step 2: Click on your choice.
Step 4: Select Line Style, Line Color,
Step 5: Click Ok.
4. Page Setup and Page Margin

16
 ICT201 HCTE
Step 1: Click on “Page Layout” 2. Type the following as is: Investigation is a great
Step2: Select “Orientation” under Page Setup opportunity for students to explore a question or a
Step3: Select Portrait or Landscape” statement. They should try to establish a rule or
Step 4: Margin at 1 inch develop a theory, using a logical approach.
Step 5: Click Ok. 1. In Header type: Investigate
Review Activity one 2. In the Footer type: ICT 201
3. Set a Border around the page of 1 ½ pts and make
1. Type: Today, I will be practicing for my computer
it Red
exam. I will be tested on about ten different topics. I
4. Set the Margin all around at 1 inch
want to get 40 out of 40 to do well on this test.
5. Apply Drop Cap on the first letter of the Unit
2. Save As: Skill One paragraph.
3. Format: a) Font—Comic Sans MS b) Font Color—
Aqua c) Font Size—16 d) Bold and underline— Unit Three: Introduction to the Internet
practicing
1. Introduction
4. Copy and Paste the 2nd sentence—5 times and change
the color to red and make the font Palatino Linotype.
A computer network is the interconnection of many
5. Underline the third sentence of the original paragraph
individual computers, much as a road is the link between
Activity two: Do the following bullets and numbering and the homes and the buildings of a city. Having many
then bold and underline the title. separate computers linked on a network provides many
Sports advantages to organizations such as businesses and
 Basketball universities. People may quickly and easily share files;
 Volleyball modify databases; send messages; run programs on
 Football remote mainframes; and get access to information in
 Tennis databases that are too massive to fit on a small computer's
Cities
hard drive. Networks provide an essential tool for the
1. Addis Ababa
2. New York City routing, managing, and storing of huge amounts of rapidly
3. Paris changing data. The Internet is a network of networks: the
4. London international linking of tens of thousands of businesses,
Activity three: Complete the following activity universities, and research organizations with millions of
1. Open a Blank MS. Word

17
 ICT201 HCTE
individual users. It is sometimes also referred to as the engines. Users "surf the Web" when they jump from one
information superhighway. page to another in search of information.
2.4 Web Site:
2. Terminology Many commercial companies maintain Web sites, or sets
Learning about the Internet can be a bit confusing at of Web pages, that their customers can view. The
first, but it becomes a lot simpler if you can become companies can engage in e-commerce, or electronic
familiar with some of the terminology used when commerce, by describing their products on their Web sites.
talking about the Internet. Here is a list of common Customers who view the Web pages can read the
words and phrases that you might hear. descriptions and then purchase products directly from the
2.1 WWW companies by sending orders back over the Internet.
This stands for the World-Wide-Web. The WWW was 2.5 URL
invented in 1992 and it caused the popularity of the This stands for a Uniform Resource Locator. To visit a Web
Internet to explode nearly overnight. Instead of only site, users type the URL, which is the site's address, into
being able to download simple linear text, with the the Web browser. An example of a URL is www.yahoo.com.
introduction of the World Wide Web users could 2.6 E-mail
download Web pages that contain text, graphics, and One of the most popular uses of the Internet is email, or
even animations, video, and sound. electronic mail. Using email, people can send messages and
2.2 Web browser even sounds and pictures to each other in a matter of
A Web browser is a program that runs on users' seconds. There are a number of Web Sites that offer a free
computers and allows them to view and interact with email service, so anybody with access to the World Wide
the Web pages on the World Wide Web. The most Web can send and receive email. Two of the most common
common Web Browsers are called Internet Explorer, Email Web Sites are Yahoo (www.yahoo.com) and Hotmail
firefox ,chrome and Netscape. (www.hotmail.com).
2.3 Hypertext: 2.7 Search Engine
Hypertext allows a user to move from one Web page to The Internet contains a massive amount of information
another by using a mouse to click on special hypertext about a huge range of subjects. If you don’t know where to
links. For example, a user viewing Web pages that look for the information you want, it can be a very
describe airplanes might encounter a link to jet engines daunting and confusing place to be. Luckily, there are Web
from one of those pages. By clicking on that link, the Sites that contain special programs that help you to find
user automatically jumps to a page that describes jet information on the Web. These Web Sites are called Search

18
 ICT201 HCTE
Engines. There are a number of different search engines 3.2 Using a search engine
available on the World Wide Web. A few of the most
common are called Yahoo (www.yahoo.com), Google Type in the URL (www.alltheweb.com) at the Address Bar
(www.google.com), and All The Web (www.alltheweb.com). and press Enter. After a short wait whilst the Web page is
2.8 On-line retrieved from the Internet, you should see the All The Web
You may sometimes hear people talk about “being on-line”. site in your Web Browser. Now lets suppose you want to
This is just another way of saying that they are using the search for Web Sites which have information about
Internet. Ethiopia, and in particular Tigray. Type the expression
3. Practical Session ‘ethiopia+tigray’ at the prompt (without the quotes) and
3.1 Using the Internet click on Search. This will tell the search engine to search
You can navigate around the Internet by clicking on for any Web page which contains the word ‘ethiopia’ AND
hypertext links. A hypertext link can be a piece of text the word ‘tigray’ (the ‘+’ sign means AND). If you wanted to
(usually underlined) or even a picture. When you move the search for any Web page which contains ‘ethiopia’ OR
mouse onto a hypertext link the URL that it links to will be ‘tigray’ you would type ‘(ethiopia tigray)’. After a short wait
displayed on the status bar at the bottom of the screen. At the search engine will display a list of matching Web pages
the top of the screen there are five important buttons: – to access one of them just click on the hypertext link. At
BACK, FORWARD, STOP, REFRESH and HOME. BACK any time if you want to go back to the previous page you
and FORWARD take you back to the previous page or were looking at you can just click on the Back button in
forward to the page you have just returned from. STOP will Internet Explorer.
attempt to stop the current action - use this if you clicked 3.3 Starting an email account
on a hypertext link accidentally. REFRESH will reload the 3.3.1 Type the URL (www.freemail.et) at the Internet
current page – use this if there is an error in loading. Explorer Address Bar and press Enter. After a
HOME will take you back to the FBE Intra-net home page. short wait the Ethiopian Telecom Freemail Web
The Internet can be quite slow in Ethiopia; so don’t expect Site will appear.
an immediate response when you click on a link. The 3.3.2 Click once on Sign Up.
status bar at the bottom of the screen will show you how 3.3.3 At the next screen choose a Login Name (this will be
far it has progressed in receiving the information. your username for the email account), and type your Real
Life Name (just enter your name followed by your fathers
name). Next you must type a password two times (this is
to ensure that you didn’t accidentally make a typing

19
 ICT201 HCTE
mistake). Finally click on Signup. Your email account has button at the bottom of the page, to the right of where it
now been started – if you want to give your email address says Attachment. You will be asked to specify the location
to your friends it will be [email protected] (substitute of the file you wish to attach. Finally to send your email,
the actual username you typed for ‘username’). just click on the Send button. After a short wait you
3.4 Sending an E-mail should see a page confirming that your email has been
You can use your email account from any computer in the sent.
world, so long as it is connected to the Internet. Just 3.5 Warning Computer Viruses
access the Freemail Web site (www.freemail.et), enter your Although the Internet is an excellent source of information
username and password and click on Enter to access your and entertainment it does have associated dangers. A
account. Once you have done this the main page of your computer virus is a program that can ‘infect’ your
account will appear. You will automatically be told if you computer and cause irreparable damage to it. A common
have any unread messages. If you want to read these way of computers becoming infected with viruses is
unread messages click on the Mailboxes hyperlink, then through the Internet, particularly in attachments sent with
click on Inbox. You will see a list of the messages you have emails. Although the computers in the Staff Internet
received. Just click on the message you want to see. To Centre have good anti-virus software installed on them,
send an email click on the Compose hyperlink. At the next this does not provide 100% protection. For this reason
screen you will need to enter the email address of the always beware of receiving emails with attachments from
person you want to send the message to. Type this in the people you don’t know. It is advisable never to open
space to the right of the word ‘To:’. Email addresses attachments if you do not know who the sender is.
normally consist of a name, followed by an @ symbol, 3.6 Some Useful Web Addresses
followed by a number of Internet location identifiers
separated by full stops (‘.’). For example, if your Freemail Search Engines: www.alltheweb.com, www.google.com
username is ‘teklay’, your email address will be www.yahoo.com
[email protected] (the ‘et’ part stands for ‘Ethiopia’). Next Free Email: www.yahoo.com , www.freemail.et
you can enter a subject for your email (to the right of the www.mail.com
word ‘Subject:’). Finally in the large box you should type News: www.bbc.co.uk,www.irinnews.org,
your message. Before you send the email you might want www.guardian.co.uk
to add an attachment to it. An attachment is a file that is Internettutorial:www.bbc.co.uk/webwise
sent to the recipient along with the email message. In
Freemail, you can do this by clicking on the Browse

20