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Types of Citation Principles

The document outlines principles of citation categorized into Core Identification Principles, Other Minimum Content Principles, Compacting Principles, and Format Principles. It provides specific guidelines on how to cite court decisions, including the proper format for case titles, case reports, and multiple cases. Key rules include citing names in full for certain cases, italicizing case titles, and the order of citation for multiple cases.

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2 views

Types of Citation Principles

The document outlines principles of citation categorized into Core Identification Principles, Other Minimum Content Principles, Compacting Principles, and Format Principles. It provides specific guidelines on how to cite court decisions, including the proper format for case titles, case reports, and multiple cases. Key rules include citing names in full for certain cases, italicizing case titles, and the order of citation for multiple cases.

Uploaded by

Hannah Sarmiento
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of Citation Principles

The detailed principles of citation can be conceived of as falling into four categories:

• Core Identification Principles: Terms that define what should be included in a citation to
identify a cited document or document section in a way that enables the reader to locate it.

• Other Minimum Content Principles: These include guidelines requiring additional items to
be included in a citation besides a retrieval formula — the full name of the author of a journal
article, the year of a judicial decision and the title of a book (or book section) in a legal citation.
Some of these rules are contingent, meaning their existence requires that the specific item be
included when certain conditions are met and that the item’s absence from a citation signifies
the opposite; i.e., that the item should be included when such conditions are not present. The
later history of a case should also be noted when applicable, e.g. : if there have been numerous
editions of a book it must be cited. And most of these extra bits provide the “label” or some
information useful in assessing the importance of the cited document.

• Compacting Principles: A set of rules that compress an item of information contained in a


reference. Some examples include common abbreviations (“United States Code” is “U.S.C.”)
and rules for eliminating duplication. (It is unnecessary of the reporter named is reported, the
same must not be repeated in parentheses at the end of the citations as you may have reported
the date) if it is.

• Format Principles: —things like punctuation, font style, ordering of elements in a citation, etc.
These rules also apply to the optional components of a citation — as well as the required ones.
There’s no requirement to tell the reader that a cited Supreme Court case split 5-4; but if one
does, there’s established convention on what to state.

How to cite court decisions?

A. Case Title

1. Cite cases "by giving the surname of the opposing parties first mentioned.

Tañada v. Tuvera
Del Rosario and Ortiz v. Ferrer

Exceptions:

a. Cite Islamic and Chinese names in full.


Examples:

(correct) Lim Sian Tek v. Ladislao

(wrong) Lim v. Ladislao

(correct) Una Kibad v. COMELEC

(wrong) Kibad v. COMELEC


b. Cite compound names in full.

Examples:

(correct) People v. De Guzman

(wrong) People v. Guzman

2. Cite names of corporations, associations, business firms, and partnerships in full.


Words forming part of such names may be abbreviated, except the first word.

Examples:

Mata v. Rita Legarda, Inc.

Allied Workers Ass 'n of the Phils, v. Republic Trading Corp.

3. Cite cases involving the Government of the Philippines and criminal cases as
follows:

Examples:

U.S. v. Jaranilla

Republic v. Carpin

People v. Santos

4. Cite cases involving public officers as follows:

a. Where the person is named in an official capacity, use the name of the person only.

Examples:

(correct) City of Manila v. Subido

(wrong) City of Manila v. Subido, in his capacity as Civil Service Commissioner

(correct) Gonzales v. Hechanova

(wrong) Gonzales v. Executive Secretary


b. Where the office is named, use the complete title of the office.

Examples:

Collector of Internal Revenue v. Tan Eng Hong

Chief of the Phil. Constabulary v. Sabungan Bagong Silangan

5. Cite local government units by their level, followed by their official name.

Examples:

Province of Rizal v. RTC

City of Cebu v. Ledesma

6. Cite case names beginning with procedural terms like "In re" as they appear in the
decisions. Use "In re" instead of In the matter of.

Example:

In re Elpidio Z. Magsaysay

7. In consolidated cases, cite only the first case.

8. Italicize case titles, whether in the body or in the footnote. For case titles found in the
body, place the citation in the footnote. Abbreviate versus as v.

Example:

In Mabuhay Textile Mills Corp. v. Minister Ongpin,[1] the Court held that x x x

B. Case Reports

1. Cite cases in the footnote as follows:


a. for cases published in the Philippine Reports: the title of the case; the volume; the short title
Phil. for the Philippine Reports; the first page of the case; the page where the quoted text, if any,
is found; and the year of promulgation in parentheses; or

b. for cases not published in the Philippine Reports: the title of the case; the docket number; the
date of promulgation; the volume of the Supreme Court Reports Annotated; the short
title SCRA for the Supreme Court Reports Annotated; the first page of the case; and the page
where the quoted text, if any, is found.

Examples:

Concepcion v. Paredes, 42 Phil. 599, 607 (1921).

In re Aguas, 1 Phil. 1 (1901).

People v. Suzuki, GR. No. 120670, October 23,2003, 414SCRA43.

2. If the case is not yet published in the Philippine Reports or SCRA, cite as follows: the
title of the case, the docket number, and the date of promulgation.

Example:

Herce v. Municipality of Cabuyao, Laguna, G.R. No. 166645, November 11, 2005.

C. Multiple Cases

When citing several cases in a footnote, you should start from the latest to the earliest.
Example:
People v. Santos, G.R. No. 204589, February 18, 2014; People v. Garcia, G.R. No. 205230,
March 12, 2014.
If one of the cases is more relevant to your argument than the others, cite it first and then start a
new sentence with ‘See also…’ and then cite the less relevant cases. For example:
People v. Garcia, G.R. No. 205230, March 12, 2014. See also People v. Santos, G.R. No.
204589, February 18, 2014.

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