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Operating System A1

The document outlines an assignment on optimizing operating system services, understanding interrupts, and researching device controllers. It details steps for managing system performance through Task Manager, explains the handling of keypress interrupts via Interrupt Service Routine (ISR), and provides insights into the functions of a storage controller. The author reflects on their learning experiences and challenges faced during the assignment.

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farwinoor9
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7 views

Operating System A1

The document outlines an assignment on optimizing operating system services, understanding interrupts, and researching device controllers. It details steps for managing system performance through Task Manager, explains the handling of keypress interrupts via Interrupt Service Routine (ISR), and provides insights into the functions of a storage controller. The author reflects on their learning experiences and challenges faced during the assignment.

Uploaded by

farwinoor9
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Name: Noor Ul Wara

Registration number: B23F0305SE041


Subject: Operating System
Section: SE (GREEN)
Assignment 1
Submitted to: Mam Umme Habiba
QUESTION 1
Objective
Objective of 1st task is to optimize the services that are running by disabling the unnecessary or
rarely used services without compromising critical system functionality.

Steps
1. Open Task Manager by pressing Ctrl + Shift + Esc or by right-clicking the taskbar and selecting
Task Manager.

2. Once in Task Manager, click the Performance tab to view the system’s overall performance
metrics.

3.Review the data for CPU, memory, disk, and network usage to identify any resource-heavy
processes.

4.Click on the Startup tab in Task Manager to see a list of applications that launch when your
computer starts.

5.Review the list of applications set to start automatically and determine if they are necessary.

6.Operating systems typically run many background services that may not be needed. Disabling
or changing the startup type of unnecessary services can improve performance.

7.Identify applications in the Startup tab that you don’t need running immediately when the
system starts.

8.Right-click on the unnecessary applications and choose Disable to prevent them from starting
automatically in the future.
BEFORE
AFTER

Lesson Learned

I am now able to optimize and manage service configuration to enhance system


performance.

QUESTION 2
Objective
Objective of task two is to be familiar with interrupt and how interrupt is handled with the help
of Interrupt Service Routine(ISR).

1. Keypress Event (Interrupt Triggered)


An interrupt signal is generated by the hardware due to the key being pressed by the user for
notification of the processor. This is generally an external interrupt and usually needs to be
handled by an interrupt controller at the hardware level.

2. Interrupt Handling by the Processor


Once the processor receives the interrupt signal, it stops executing the current task and begins
executing the ISR that corresponds to the interrupt (in this case, the keypress event).
Here are the detailed steps that occur:

Steps of Handling the Keypress Event:

Step 1: Interrupt Signal Received


The keyboard hardware sends an interrupt request (IRQ) to the processor.
The interrupt controller (e.g., PIC or APIC in modern systems) prioritizes this interrupt and
sends the signal to the CPU.

Step 2: CPU Interrupt Acknowledgement


The CPU stops executing the current instruction and acknowledges the interrupt.
The processor saves the context of the current process (using a context save operation). This
includes the program counter, register values, and flags, so that it can resume executing from
where it left off once the ISR is complete.

Step 3: ISR Execution


The processor moves to the ISR location for keyboard interruption. Normally, this will be a
function defined in the operating system or HAL responsible for processing keyboard input.

Step 4: Handling Keypress Events


Inside the ISR, OS interacts with keyboard controller to read the key press data, which is usually
represented as a scancode.
The OS may then store the key's information in a buffer or directly update the terminal input.

Step 5: Returning from the ISR


Once the ISR finishes processing the keypress, it signals that the interrupt has been serviced.
The processor then restores the saved context (from Step 2) to resume the previously
interrupted task.

Step 6: Resume Normal Execution


The processor will simply continue with what it was doing when it interrupted the execution;
meanwhile, the system will already be in preparation for the next interrupt that should occur.
Flow Chart

Lesson Learned

I am now familiar with what is interrupt. And how interrupt handling is done. I also learned
about interrupt service routine(ISR).

QUESTION 3
Objective
For task 2 I have to open the device manager of my system and list the controllers. Then select
any one controller and research its operations.
Controllers in my Device
Selected Controller: Storage Controller (Under Storage Controllers)
The Storage Controller controls the interface between the system and storage devices such as
SSDs, HDDs, and RAID arrays. It ensures safe data transfer as well as high performance of the
storage devices. Key functions are:

1. Data Management: Controls read and write operations on storage devices.

2. RAID Support: Permits the merging of multiple drives for redundancy or performance.

3. Error Handling: Detects and corrects data errors for data integrity.
4. Performance Optimization: Improves storage speed by managing I/O requests efficiently.

Observing Activity

1. Tool Used: Task Manager → Performance Tab → Disk Activity.

2. Steps:

Open Task Manager and click on the Performance tab.

Select the Disk section to observe real-time storage usage, read/write speeds, and active time.

3. Observation Findings

Idle State: Low or zero read/write speeds when no file transfer is occurring.

Active State: Increased activity during file transfers, application installations, or system
updates. In the below pictures it is during application installation.
Lesson Learned

In this task I was able to know about my device controllers. And learned in detail about storage
controller.

Difficulties In Assignment
I faced some difficulties while completing the assignment. I'm not too familiar with computers
which caused many confusions.

It was my first time operating task manager & i got confused in making decision that which
program i should disable and which program i must not disable for laptop's safety.

I selected storage controller for my research/observations and it was difficult and time
consuming for me to monitor and observe it.

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