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CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

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Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

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MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2014 series

0610 BIOLOGY
0610/22 Paper 2 (Core Theory), maximum raw mark 80

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of
the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not
indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began,
which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner
Report for Teachers.

Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.

Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2014 series for
most Cambridge IGCSE®, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some
Cambridge O Level components.

® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations.

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2014 0610 22

Abbreviations used in the Mark Scheme

• ; separates marking points

• / separates alternatives within a marking point
• R reject
• I ignore (mark as if this material was not present)
• A accept (a less than ideal answer which should be marked correct)
• AW alternative wording
• underline words underlined must be present
• max indicates the maximum number of marks that can be awarded
• mark independently the second mark may be given even if the first mark is wrong
• A, S, P, L Axes, Size, Plots and Line for graphs
• O, S, D, L Outline, Size, Detail and Label for drawings
• (n)ecf (no) error carried forward
• () the word / phrase in brackets is not required, but sets the context
• ora or reverse argument.
• AVP any valid point

© Cambridge International Examinations 2014

 Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2014 0610 22

Question Answer Mark Additional Guidance

1 A; 5 correct = 4 marks
E; 3 or 4 correct = 3 marks
B; 2 correct = 2 marks
D; 1 correct = 1 mark
C; max 4

[Total: 4]

2 (a) (i) G obese; 4 correct = 2 marks

H correct weight; 2 or 3 correct = 1 mark
J underweight; 1 correct = 0
K overweight: 2

(ii) extend height axis / under 1.4 m tall / over 1.8 m tall;
extend mass axis / under 30 kg mass;
gender specific chart ;
age specific chart;
AVP; max 2

(b) (i) lipid / fat / oil; A an example of a fat or a carbohydrate (but only 1
carbohydrate; 2 example allowed)

(ii) (more) muscle contraction;

(more) energy needed;
(more) respiration;
(more stored) fat used;
less fat put into storage AW / less conversion of carbohydrate to
fat;
increases metabolic rate; max 3

(iii) diabetes / high blood pressure / cancer / arthritic leg joints / coronary A any valid condition
heart disease / heart attack / heart failure / stroke / blocked arteries; 1

© Cambridge International Examinations 2014

 Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2014 0610 22

(c) source: 1
any fruit / vegetable / cereal / bread qualified / nuts / seeds / named
example;

importance:
cannot be digested / no enzymes to digest it;

idea of adds bulk / volume to material in alimentary canal;

helps peristalsis / provides material for muscles of AC wall to grip

on AW ;

prevents constipation / helps in egestion or excretion AW;

prevents (colon) cancer;

absorbs fats / cholesterol in diet;

removal of bacteria;

AVP; max 3

[Total: 14]

© Cambridge International Examinations 2014

 Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2014 0610 22

3 (a)
letter name function mark independently
L oviduct / egg released into it / moves (AW)
fallopian tube; egg / ovum / zygote / sperm swim
along it / site of fertilisation;

M ovary; produces eggs / ova / gamete /

produces hormones / reference to
Graafian follicle / corpus luteum;

N uterus / idea of (preparation ) for

womb; implantation / later development of
baby AW / ref. to contractions (during
birth);
6

3 b XX XY;
meiosis (in both boxes); can gain marking point 3 even if marking point 1 is
X X; incorrect
XX;
mitosis;
XX; 6

[Total: 12]

4 (a)
function of flower part letter

forms the seed E;

A correct named structure
produces pollen C; ovule
anther
protects the flower bud G;
4 sepal
stigma
receives the pollen B;

© Cambridge International Examinations 2014

 Page 6 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2014 0610 22

(b)
part difference reason for difference A alternative wording / other correct information
pairs must match

stamen longer filaments or easily shaken by the

stamens / anthers larger / wind (to release
anthers loosely attached to pollen) / exposed to the
filament / anthers or wind AW;
stamens hang outside
other flower parts AW;

pollen grains very small / light / easily transported by

smooth / large quantities; wind / increases
chances of landing on
stigma;
4

[Total: 8]

5 letter name of process

L condensation;

M precipitation / raining / snowing / hailing;

N excretion / urination / defecation / egestion;

P respiration;

Q transpiration / evaporation;

R evaporation;
6

[Total: 6]

© Cambridge International Examinations 2014

 Page 7 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2014 0610 22

6 (a) chain A llama human

only one consumer level in each box
1 herbivore; 1 carnivore;
2 primary consumer; 2 secondary consumer; only one of : producer or herbivore or carnivore or
decomposer in each box

chain B human 1 herbivore; 2 primary consumer; 1 and 2 in any order in each case
6

(b) the position of an organism / feeding level AW;

in a food chain / food web / pyramid of biomass / pyramid of

numbers / pyramid of energy; 2

(c) beetle box narrower than for aphids, but wider than for the bush both correct for 1 mark
and parasite box wider than that for the beetles; I depth of boxes

parasites
beetles
aphids
bush; 2 all four correct for 1 mark

[Total: 10]

7 (a)

statement aerobic anaerobic

lactic acid
;

carbon dioxide
;

glucose

;

oxygen
; 4

© Cambridge International Examinations 2014

 Page 8 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2014 0610 22

(b) (i) 92 (%); 1

(ii) 25000 (m); 1

(iii) 1500 (m); 1

(c) racing requires energy;

energy is supplied by aerobic and anaerobic respiration ;

the shorter the race, (100 & 800 m / up to 1500), the less aerobic
respiration / more anaerobic respiration;

the longer the race, (more than 1500 / 10 000 – 25 000 m) the more
aerobic respiration / less anaerobic respiration; max 2

[Total: 9]

8 (a) (i) carbon dioxide + water; A and for +

A = / combine / make for →
→ glucose + oxygen; A correct balanced chemical equation = 2
A unbalanced chemical equation = 1
A mixed equation = 1
I inclusion of chlorophyll / sunlight / energy etc.
2

© Cambridge International Examinations 2014

 Page 9 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2014 0610 22

(ii) absorb AW light (energy);

contain / makes chlorophyll;

convert light energy to chemical energy;

stores starch;

AVP; max 2

(iii) description:
more chloroplasts in the palisade / upper (mesophyll ) layer / cells
ora; I ref to chloroplasts near cell margin

explanation:
upper / palisade layer / cells, receive more light / absorbs more light 2 I reference to nearer to sun / surface area
ora;

(b) (i) allows gaseous exchange;

I ref. to water vapour
allows carbon dioxide into the leaf;

allows oxygen to pass out of the leaf; max 2

(ii) waterproof layer / prevents leaf drying out / AW;

prevents wilting;

transparent (to let light through);

protection qualified; max 2

© Cambridge International Examinations 2014

 Page 10 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2014 0610 22

(c) nitrates contain nitrogen; I nitrates are needed for growth

nitrogen / nitrates, needed to make amino acids / proteins;

amino acids / proteins needed, for growth / repair / to make new A valid use of protein e.g. enzymes
cells; max 2

[Total 12]

9 two lines from a LH box = 0 marks for that box

breaks down
alcohol

kidney ;
destroys
hormones

eliminates
excess water liver ; ; ;

excretes
carbon dioxide
lung ;

forms urea 5

[Total: 5]

© Cambridge International Examinations 2014